Retrocollis: classification, clinical phenotype, treatment outcomes and risk factors.

Retrocollis (RC) is a form of cervical dystonia (CD) that produces patterned, repetitive muscle contractions that result in neck extension. We performed a review of consecutive CD patients seen in our Division over a 15-year period. Out of 399 CD patients, 59 (14.8%) had features of RC. Pain was very frequently reported among patients ( approximately 80%). RC was frequently associated with neuroleptic exposure (20.3%) and a history of head/neck trauma (23.7%). Of patients injected with botulinum toxin type A, 24.5% reported excellent, 32.1% moderate, 16.9% mild and 24.5% no response to injections. Oral antidystonic medications had limited contribution to symptom relief.

Ozonoterapia en un paciente portador de aftas bucales: a propósito de un caso / Ozone therapy in a patient carrying oral aphthas. A propos of a case

Introducción: la estomatitis aftosa es una lesión que se caracteriza por la aparición de vesículas esféricas circunscritas que se rompen después de un día o dos y forman úlceras esféricas dolorosas. Es considerada una urgencia frecuente en Periodoncia. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad del OLEOZON® en el tratamiento de la estomatitis aftosa recurrente. Presentación de un caso: paciente de 53 años de edad que fue diagnosticado con gastritis ulcerativa y tener como padecimiento anterior hipertensión. Al examen oral encontramos desdentamiento parcial, presencia de aftas bucales de forma aislada y en grupos donde la mayor de estas alcanzaba una dimensión de más menos 1cm, ubicadas en mucosa labial, en ambos carrillos y en borde de la lengua, por tal razón solicita la atención del servicio de Estomatología para su valoración. Discusión: se comienza a realizar aplicaciones tópicas de OLEOZON® con moticos de algodón estéril cada 24 horas, así como se le indica la higienización de la cavidad oral en la medida de lo posible. Los criterios de evaluación fueron la presencia o ausencia de dolor y cicatrización de la lesión aftosa. El seguimiento del tratamiento fue realizado por el grupo de investigación. Las ulceras cicatrizaron lo cual repercutió en el estado general del paciente. Conclusiones: la aplicación del OLEOZON® Tópico logró la sanación completa de las aftas bucales sin dejar huellas en un periodo de 48 a 96 horas, mejorando las condiciones de la cavidad bucal y facilitando su alimentación(AU)

Introduction: aphthous stomatitis is a lesion characterized by the presence of spherical vesicles broken after a day or two and bringing about spherical painful ulcers. It is considered a frequent emergency in Periodontology. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of OLEOZON® in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Case presentation: a 53 -year-old patient who was diagnosed with ulcerative gastritis and hypertension as a previous condition. After the oral examination it was found a partial tooth loss, presence of isolated oral aphthas and also in groups where most of them reached a dimension about 1cm, located on the buccal mucosa in both cheeks and the border of the tongue, for that reason he required Stomatology care service for his evaluation. Discussion: it was started with the topical application of OLEOZON® with sterile cotton every 24 hours, as well as the hygienization of the oral cavity as far as possible. The evaluation criteria were the presence or absence of pain and cicatrization of the aphthous lesion. The treatment follow-up was performed by the research group. The ulcers healed which affected the general condition of the patient. Conclusions: the topical application of OLEOZON® reached the total healing of oral aphthas without trace in a period of 48 to 96 hours, improving the conditions of the oral cavity and facilitating his feeding(EU)

Thyroid hormones regulate the frequency of miniature end-plate currents in pre- and prometamorphic stages of the tadpole tail.

Thyroid hormones (THs), primarily 3,3',5-triiode-(L)-thyronine (T(3)), have been clearly established as natural inducers of apoptosis during metamorphosis of anuran embryos. We decided to use this phenomenon to test the hypothesis that, prior to genomic activation, T(3) has acute actions in the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of the tail of amphibian embryos. We detected a dramatic increase in the production of miniature end-plate currents (MEPCs) 2-5 min after continuous application of T(3) (250 nM) using focal recordings under voltage clamp. Furthermore, this increase in the spontaneous release of neurotransmitter, evaluated by the MEPC frequency, was maintained for several hours. Reverse-T(3), the "inhibitory" form of THs, prevented this increase in MEPC frequency, suggesting that this is probably a highly specific action of T(3). In addition, the elevation in MEPC frequency induced by T(3) was unchanged in the presence or absence of extracellular calcium. The T(3)-mediated increase in MEPC frequency was blocked by niflumic acid, a nonsteroidal antinflammatory fenamate used to prevent the apoptotic volume decrease observed in many systems. The present study demonstrated that T(3) induces a remarkable nongenomic action in the NMJ of the tadpole tail at pre- and promatamorphic stages.