Comparison the efficacy of herbal mouthwash with chlorhexidine on gingival index of intubated patients in Intensive Care Unit.

BACKGROUND: Intubated patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are not able to take care of their mouth health, so they are at risk of bacterial colonization and dental plaques formation that can lead to systemic diseases such as pneumonia and gingivitis. AIMS: In randomized, double-blind clinical study, the efficacy of natural herbal mouthwash containing Salvadora persica ethanol extract and Aloe vera gel was compared with chlorhexidine on gingival index (GI) of intubated patients in ICU. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-six intubated patients (18-64 years old with mean age 40.35 ± 13.2) in ICU were admitted to this study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: (1) Herbal mouthwash and (2) chlorhexidine solution. Before the intervention, the GIs was measured by modified GI device into two groups. The mouth was rinsed by mouthwashes every 2-3 h for 4 days. 2 h after the last intervention, GIs were determined. RESULTS: Along with mechanical methods, herbal mouthwash in reducing GI was statistically significant than that of chlorhexidine (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study introduce a new botanical extract mouthwash with dominant healing effects on GI (1.5 ± 0.6) higher than that of synthetic mouthwash, chlorhexidine (2.31 ± 0.73).

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Continuous versus Intermittent Cefazolin for the Prevention of Infection after Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft.

BACKGROUND: Surgical site infection is known as a common complication after cardiac surgery, and Cefazolin is the best prophylactic antibiotic to prevent this complication. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of continuous and intermittent Cefazolin for the prevention of superficial surgical site infection following off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB). METHODS: This prospective randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 141 patients candidated for OPCAB and divided into two groups. This study was performed between February 2011 and February 2012 in the Iranian city of Yazd. Patients in both groups received 2 g of Cefazolin as a starting dose and at 30 minutes before incision. Definition of surgical site infections was according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Criteria (CDC-criteria). In the continuous infusion group (n = 74), 3 g of Cefazolin was infused over a 24-hour period after surgery. In the intermittent group (n = 67), 1 g of Cefazolin was administered at 3, 11, and 19 hours after the starting dose. Hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, history of heart disease, and incidences of superficial infection were compared between the two groups. Duration of follow- up was 4 weeks. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 60.49 ± 10.63 years. The patients were 30.5% female and 69.5% male. There were no significant differences in age, body surface area, duration of operation, number of distal grafts, number of proximal grafts, and duration of hospital stay before heart surgery between two groups. The incidence of infection in intermittent group was (7.5%) and in continuous groups was (2.7%). There was no significant difference in the incidence of infection between the two groups (p value = 0.26). CONCLUSION: Our findings in this study showed no significant differences between continuous and intermittent Cefazolin for the prevention of superficial surgical site infections after OPCAB.

Endovascular treatment of post-traumatic pseudoaneurysms of ulnar and radial artery.

Aneurysm can develop in all arteries of the human body. Pseudoaneurysm induced by trauma is known as a rare condition in peripheral arteries. This complication is known as late sequelae of trauma. The incidence of pseudoaneurysm in upper extremities artery is less than lower extremities. Atherosclerotic aneurysms are often seen in large arteries and by aging, but pseudoaneurysm can be seen in penetrating or blunt trauma in patients of every age or every location. Delayed treatment of pseudoaneurysm leads to bleeding, venous edema at the extremities and compression on the adjacent nerve as a result of pseudoaneurysm enlargement. Early diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm is very important, because this complication can induce disabilities such as upper extremities and finger loss. Peripheral arteries pseudoaneurysm in distal locations especially in brachial artery and forearm can cause a thrombotic complication in hands and fingers.

Effect of positioning on patient outcomes after coronary angiography: a single-blind randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Restoring patient homeostasis after coronary angiography, the gold standard diagnostic test for coronary heart disease is usually achieved by manual compression of the puncture site using a sandbag and prolonged bed rest. However, this process frequently results in patient complaints of back pain and discomfort. PURPOSE: The aim of study was to assess the effect of positioning on patient outcomes after coronary angiography. METHODS: This study used a single-blind randomized control trial approach. The sample consisted of 80 patients who had undergone a nonemergency coronary angiography via the femoral artery. Balanced block randomization was used to allocate participants into intervention and control groups. Routine care for the intervention group (n = 40) was adjusted to include the following: (1) intermittent changes to patient body and head position in bed during first 6 hours after catheterization, (2) reduction of sandbag compression time on the puncture site to 1 hour, and (3) regular examination for bleeding during the first 6 hours after catheterization. Intervention group participants were allowed to ambulate without restriction 6 hours after catheterization. Patients in the control group (n = 40) received routine care, consisting of (1) 6-24 hours of bed rest in the supine position with the affected leg fixed straight and immobilized and (2) sandbag compression on the puncture site for 6 hours. The main outcomes used in this study were level of back pain, discomfort, foot pain, bleeding, and hematoma. RESULTS: Intervention group patients had significantly less back pain and foot pain and higher comfort than the control group at the second, third, and sixth hour after catheterization (p = .00). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of amount of bleeding and hematoma (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that changes in patient position may be safer in the early period of postcatheterization bed rest than currently indicated in standard practice protocols. Furthermore, limiting sandbag compression to 1 hour has no measurable effect on the incidence and severity of vascular complications.

The effect of ondansetron and meperedin on preventing shivering after off-pump coronary artery bypass graft.

One of the most common complications of operation and anesthesia is shivering. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Ondanseton and Meperedine in preventing shivering after off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (OPCAB). In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, the sample consisted of 90 patients, who were candidates of CABG under general anesthesia. These patients were assigned to three groups, each containing 30 subjects: meperedine group (A), ondansetron group (B) and control group (C). Group (A) received 0.4 mg/Kg/IV of meperedine, group (B) received 8mg/IV of ondansetron and group (C) received Normal Saline. All these drugs were injected 15 minutes before the end of surgery. After the end of surgery, the intubated patients were transferred to the ICU and their body temperature was assessed through eardrum by a specialist who was blind to the research. The incidence of shivering in groups A, B, and C was 46.48%, 31.18%, and 60.83%, respectively (P=<0.01). The incidence of shivering was 64.4% in males and 35.6% in females (P=0.222). Also, the amount of incidence of shivering up to 3 hours after surgery was 75.87 % (P=0.064). Bradycardia was 3.3% in group (A) and 0.0 % in group (B). Other variables (myoclonus, seizure and rash) showed no statistically significant difference (P=0.353). According to the findings, it was demonstrated that ondansetron is more effective in preventing shivering after Off-pump CABG than meperedine.