The Last 40 Years of Orthognathic Surgery: A Bibliometric Analysis.

PURPOSE: Bibliometric analyses provide information on the effectiveness, performance, trends, and various other characteristics of research by using mathematical and statistical analysis methods for data related to scientific publications. This study aims to determine the focus of studies in the field of orthognathic surgery, map it, and present the results in a simplified manner through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the relevant literature. METHODS: In this bibliometric analysis study, orthognathic surgery publications from 1980 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The independent variables were co-citations, while the outcome variables included cross-country collaboration analysis, keyword analysis, co-citation analysis, and cluster analysis of the co-citation network. Covariates were the number of publications, number of citations, year range, centrality value, and silhouette value. The bibliometric analysis was conducted using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and R-Studio software. RESULTS: A total of 7,135 publications and 75,822 references were included in the analysis, and the annual growth rate of publications was 9.52%. The co-citation clustering analysis revealed that the orthognathic surgery literature was organized into 16 subject headings. Patient satisfaction was found to be the most widely published topic. The youngest clusters, representing new topics in the field, were virtual planning and examination of condylar changes after orthognathic surgery. CONCLUSION: Bibliometric analysis methods were used to evaluate the 40-year history of the orthognathic surgery literature. The analysis identified the most influential publications, the topics in which the literature is divided, and hot spots in the field. By conducting similar bibliometric research studies in the future, the progress and future direction of the literature can be monitored based on evidence.

Does Emotional State Improve Following Temporomandibular Joint Total Joint Replacement?

BACKGROUND: Temporomandibular joint total joint replacement (TMJTJR) offers patients the opportunity for improved function and reduced pain. TMJTJR also has the potential to affect a patient's emotions in a positive or negative manner. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in emotional state for subjects undergoing TMJTJR. STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, SAMPLE: The authors implemented a retrospective cohort study. Subjects who received TMJTJR were identified from the TMJ Inter Network, which is a study group comprising more than 130 temporomandibular joint surgeons. Subjects between the ages of 18 and 65 years with complete medical records and pre/post TMJTJR video/audio recordings were enrolled in the study. PREDICTOR VARIABLE: The predictor variable was time (preoperative and postoperative). MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLES: The primary outcome variable is change in the emotional state. All subjects had preoperative (T0) recorded interview as well as a postoperative (T1) interview at 3 to 6 months. The eight-category emotional state was classified as neutral, happy, sad, angry, fearful, disgusted, surprised, and bored. The three-category emotional state was classified as neutral, positive, and negative. The emotional state was measured using artificial intelligence at T0 and T1. The secondary outcome variable was pain score and maximal interincisal opening. COVARIATES: The covariates are gender, age, diagnosis, prosthetic side, TMJTJR design, and TMJTJR type. ANALYSES: The relationship between emotional state change and covariates was examined using both the χ2 test and the Kruskal-Wallis H test. The significance of the change in categorical data after surgery was examined using the McNemar-Bowker test. P values < .05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Thirty-three subjects were included in the study. The mean age was 30.09 ± 8.69 with 15 males (45%) and 18 females (55%). The percentage of subjects with preoperative neutral, happy, sad, angry, and fearful emotional states was 24, 15, 24, 9, and 27%, respectively. The percentage of subjects with postoperative neutral, happy, sad, angry, and fearful emotional states was 21, 39, 21, 12, and 6%, respectively. The change in emotional state was statistically significant (P = .037). There was no statistically significant relationship between covariates and emotional state changes (P > .05). CONCLUSION: According to the assessment of artificial intelligence, TMJTJR improves the emotional state of patients.

Does Temporomandibular Joint Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnosis Support Clinical Examination Diagnosis Following Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders?

PURPOSE: The Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) has been validated as a clinical diagnostic guideline with high-sensitivity and -specificity in identifying TMDs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the agreement between DC/TMD diagnoses and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnoses in patients with TMD. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted on patients with TMD. The predictor variable was the clinical diagnosis of TMD based on DC/TMD criteria. The outcome variable was the MRI diagnosis of TMD. The diagnoses used for both the predictor variable and the outcome variable were the same. They were normal, disc displacement with reduction (DDWR), DDWR with intermittent locking, disc displacement without reduction (DDWOR) with limited opening, DDWOR without limited opening, degenerative joint disease, and subluxation. Age and gender of the patients and number of joints evaluated were covariates. Each subject had clinical examination performed by two independent Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. All subjects had a bilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) MRI performed which was evaluated by a radiologist. The correlation between the clinical and MRI diagnoses was calculated using Cohen's kappa value with a P value of <.05 considered significant. RESULTS: A total of fifty patients (100 TMJs) were enrolled with 38 females and 12 males. The mean ages were 31.92 and 31.75 years, respectively, with a total of 100 TMJs analyzed. Internal derangement was clinically identified in 76% of the joints and with MRI in 69% of joints. The Cohen's kappa value between DC/TMD and MRI diagnoses was found to be κ = 0.720 (P < .01). The respective sensitivity and specificity in determining disc position clinically for DDWR was 1 and 0.96; for DDWR with intermittent locking 0.78 and 0.91; for DDWOR with limited opening 0.9 and 0.98; for DDWOR without limited opening 1 and 0.9; for degenerative joint disease 0.63 and 0.97 and for subluxation 0.28 and 1.00. CONCLUSION: The DC/TMD clinical examination performed well in all types of disc displacement but is less reliable than MRI in detecting the presence of degenerative disc diseases and subluxation.

A Bibliometric Analysis of International Publication Trends in Total Temporomandibular Joint Replacement Research (1986-2020).

PURPOSE: To conduct a bibliometric analysis that systematically characterizes publications on temporomandibular joint temporomandibular joint replacement from 1986 to 2020. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The articles were retrieved on the same day from the Web of Science Core Collection database of the Web of Science on December 31, 2020 to prevent bias due to daily database updates. Excel 2016, CiteSpace IV, and VOSviewer v1.6.16 were used for analysis. RESULTS: A sum of 610 publications from 1986 to 2020 were analyzed. The highest number of publications were identified and published in the Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. The United States had the highest number of publications and the highest H-index. The highest co-citations were from Mercuri. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, developments, the most influential publications, journals, and countries in the field of temporomandibular joint temporomandibular joint replacement were determined based on evidence through bibliometric analysis.

The past forty-three years of dental implantology literature. A global mapping and scientometric analysis.

PURPOSE: The aim of this research is to make a scientometric analysis of the dental implantology literature and to present the results in a more understandable way to the reader by visualizing them with maps. METHODS: The dental implantology literature was accessed through the Web of Science database. Scientometric data was obtained with Citespace 6.1 software, co-citation, clustering analysis, citation burst, and mapping analyzes were performed. Scimago Graphica software was used for additional visualizations. RESULTS: A total of 35,704 articles were included in the analysis. There were 88,616 authors, 72,333 institutes, 142 countries/regions, and 3,265 journals contributing to the dental implantology literature. The United States was first with 7,334 publications and 225,868 citations. The literature between 1980 and 2023 was divided into 19 different clusters, and the literature between 2000 and 2023 was divided into 16 different clusters. CONCLUSIONS: Key themes in the field include the use of autogenous bone, advancements in implant surface technology, and the use of platform switching and intraoral scanners. Emerging topics of interest include esthetic considerations in the treatment of the anterior region, stress distribution, the use of zirconia, and the impact of implant treatment on oral health-related quality of life. With similar scientometric analysis studies to be done in the future, the progress of the literature can be followed on the basis of evidence.

A global landscape analysis of the impact, trends, and dissemination in oral and maxillofacial surgery research.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to comprehensively analyze the global landscape of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) literature through bibliometrics. The research focuses on evaluating publication trends, influential topics, and the impact of scholarly works within the field. METHODS: Following the principles of the Leiden Manifesto, a literature search was conducted using the Web of Science database, encompassing seven OMFS journals. A total of 18,218 publications were analyzed, with indicators such as publication language, geographic location, specialty, year, citation, and authorship examined. Statistical analyses, including Pearson correlation tests and angular coefficient calculations, were performed in RStudio. RESULTS: The study revealed a strong upward trend in publications related to orthognathic surgery, trauma, and infections. Geographic analysis indicated a dominance of European and Asian contributions, with the USA leading in overall publications. The impact of self-citations was explored, emphasizing nuanced perspectives on their role in scholarly impact metrics. The data provided insights into the scholarly impact of OMFS publications, including the H-index, number of citations, and citing articles. CONCLUSION: The findings underscored potential global discrepancies in OMFS research, both geographically and in terms of topics covered. The study discussed the influence of language and journal impact on citation counts, emphasizing the role of English publications. Specific topics, such as trauma and infections, exhibited high scholarly interest and citation rates. Recommendations were made to encourage submissions on specific topics, such as cosmetic surgery and pathology, to enhance the diversity of OMFS literature. The study aims to foster international collaboration and leverage bibliometrics for evidence-based decision-making, educational strategies, and advancements in the dynamic field of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

The online attention analysis on orthognathic surgery research.

OBJECTIVES: Altmetrics is one of the fields of bibliometrics that seeks to assess the impact and interest of a given subject through Internet users. The aim of this study is to make an altmetric analysis of the orthognathic surgery literature. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using Dimensions app up to December 2023. A list of the 100 most mentioned articles on the topic was compiled. A Google Trends search was performed with same strategy to visualize important data regarding internet search. Charts and tables were created using Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer software to allow bibliometric visualization. RESULTS: There was a very poor correlation between the number of mentions and the number of citations (r = 0.0202). Most articles discussed on technical innovations associated to orthognathic surgery, majority related to virtual planning (n = 26). Other topics considered interesting to internet readers were complications (n = 18), surgical technique (n = 14), and psychological aspects/quality of life (n = 13). CONCLUSION: Online interest in orthognathic surgery closely aligns with the level of academic interest but is also influenced by factors such as location and economic status. The internet is a powerful tool for disseminating scientific research to a broad audience, making it more accessible and engaging than traditional academic channels.

Can ChatGPT be used in oral and maxillofacial surgery?

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess the usability of the information generated by ChatGPT in oral and maxillofacial surgery. This assessment will have two components: Firstly, to measure the quality of patient information provided, and secondly, to measure the quality of educational information in this field. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Commonly asked questions by patients about oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures and technical questions for training purposes were selected to be posed to ChatGPT. The questions were divided into two categories, consisting of 60 Patient Questions and 60 Technical Questions. The specific topics covered were Impacted Teeth, Dental Implants, Temporomandibular Joint Diseases, and Orthognathic Surgery. ChatGPT provided responses to these questions on February 23, 2023. The answers were evaluated by oral and maxillofacial surgeons using a modified global quality scale. RESULTS: The study involved 33 participating surgeons. The mean score for the answers to the Patient Questions was 4.62±0.78, while the mean score for answers to the Technical Questions was 3.1 ± 1.49. The difference in scores between the two question categories was found to be statistically significant (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the quality of the answers given to the questions across the different topics (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: ChatGPT has significant potential as a tool for patient information in oral and maxillofacial surgery. However, its use in training may not be completely safe at present. Surgeons should exercise caution when using ChatGPT and consider it as a supplement to their clinical knowledge and experience.

Evaluation of prevalence of temporomandibular disorders based on DC / TMD Axis I diagnosis in Turkish population and correlation with Axis II.

PURPOSE: The prevalence of DC / TMD diagnosis of individuals with internal derangement of TMJ who want to receive TMD treatment in a tertiary clinic in the Turkish population and comparison of the criteria applied in Axis I and Axis II. METHODS: This study was carried out on 200 individuals older than 18 years of age who have internal disorder of Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ). Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC / TMD) Axis I and II were applied. RESULTS: The female to male ratio of individuals with internal derangement of TMJ in the Turkish population was 3.5. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the internal derangement of the Right TMJ and the internal derangement of the Left TMJ is 0.804 and has a statistically significant relationship (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: For DC / TMD, a more comprehensive study is needed to compare the results found in the Turkish population with other populations.

Ultrasonographic evaluation of changes in the thickness, width, elasticity index and echogenic pattern of the masseter muscle after mandibular set-back surgery.

INTRODUCTION: The masseter muscle is one of the structures that undergoes significant changes following jaw movements in orthognathic surgery. This study aims to investigate the effects of mandibular setback surgery, performed in patients with skeletal class III deformity, on the thickness, width, elasticity index, and echogenic pattern of the masseter muscle. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective case-control study enrolled patients with class III deformity who underwent mandibular setback surgery, while the control group consisted of class I patients. The predictor variable was the time measured at two different points: preoperative (T1) and postoperative 6 months (T2). The primary outcome variable focused on changes in the internal echogenic pattern of the masseter muscle. Secondary, tertiary, and quaternary outcome variables included changes in the thickness, width, and elasticity index of the masseter muscle, respectively. Gender, age, type of operation, and amount of movement were considered as covariates. Ultrasonography was employed to evaluate the outcome variables. RESULTS: The study group comprised 31 patients, including 17 females (mean age 22.24 ± 3.52 years) and 14 males (mean age 23.14 ± 2.65 years). The control group consisted of 16 females (mean age 23.34 ± 1.22 years) and 15 males (mean age 23.12 ± 1.76 years). Masseter muscle thickness increased significantly after mandibular setback surgery (p = 0.015). However, there was no statistically significant difference in masseter muscle width before and after surgery (p = 0.627), nor in the elasticity index (p = 0.588). Furthermore, a statistically significant transformation from Type I to Type II was observed in the internal echogenic pattern of the muscle (p = 0.039). Additionally, there was no statistically significant correlation between the amount of mandibular movement performed and the changes in the masseter muscle. CONCLUSIONS: Mandibular setback surgery leads to changes in both the physical and structural properties of the masseter muscle.

Evaluation of the effect of changes in cephalometric values after orthognathic surgery on estimated age and facial aesthetics.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to examine the effects of changes in some cephalometric values on the changes in facial age and facial aesthetics scores after surgery in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Preoperative and postoperative photographs of 50 patients who underwent bilateral sagittal split osteotomy and LeFort I osteotomy were evaluated by 189 evaluators. Evaluators were asked to look at the photographs and estimate the age of the patient and give a score between 0 and 10 for facial aesthetics. RESULTS: The mean age of 33 female patients was 22.84±0.81, while the mean age of 17 male patients was 24.52±1.21. Class 2 and Class 3 patients were affected at varying rates by changes in cephalometric values. There were also differences in the evaluation of full-face photographs and the evaluation of lateral profile photographs. The data obtained as a result of the analysis are summarized in the tables. CONCLUSIONS: Although the data of our present study presents the relationship between facial age and facial aesthetics and cephalometric analysis results with quantitative data, it has been concluded that the evaluation process of these parameters is quite complex and may not yield optimum results in clinical evaluation.

Oral and maxillofacial literature from Middle East: a bibliometric analysis and list of top-100 most cited articles.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work is to perform a bibliometric analysis on Middle Eastern oral and maxillofacial surgery through years and to compare the data with previous studies. A list of the top 100 most cited articles was generated. METHODS: A Pubmed bibliographic search for literature journals specialized in oral and maxillofacial surgery in the Middle East was performed. A graphic representation of authorship and keywords was created with VOSviewer. Mendeley and Microsoft Excel were used for tabulation and data visualization. A list of the top 100 most cited articles was created using Web of Science. Some statistical tests were performed with a 95% confidence interval, which was considered significant. RESULTS: A total of 6,536 articles were retrieved in fifteen selected oral and maxillofacial journals. A moderate correlation between number of publications and total population (R = 0.6052), low correlation with area (R = 0.302291), and a negligible correlation with the Human Development Index (HDI) were found (R = 0.1747). A disparity can be seen in the number of publications by country, leaded by Turkey (46.30%), Israel and Iran (13.68% each). The more common studied topic was oral surgery (25.77%), maxillofacial trauma (16.13%) and oral pathology (10.25%). CONCLUSIONS: A useful list of the top 100 most cited articles on oral and maxillofacial surgery from Middle East has been created. Middle East publications on oral and maxillofacial surgery can be considered high quality (IF = 1.879). Some issues on performing an adequate selecting of MeSH keywords were discussed.

Science mapping analysis of maxillofacial reconstruction over the last four decades.

PURPOSE: This paper aims to provide a bibliometric analysis of the maxillofacial reconstruction literature over 40 years and to compare the data with previous studies. METHODS: A bibliographical search for oral and maxillofacial surgery literature in maxillofacial reconstruction was conducted on Wef of Science. A graphic representation of authorship and keywords was created with VOSviewer. Mendeley and Microsoft Excel were used for tabulation and data visualization. Some statistical tests were performed with a 95 % confidence interval, which was considered significant. RESULTS: A total of 7417 articles from specialized journals were included in the study. These articles received 138,493 citations from 63,390 other studies, with an average citation count of 18.67, and a very high H-index. A total of 2375 specific keywords were analyzed, covering a wide range of topics, with two noteworthy MeSH keywords that have recently gained prominence. A total of 33 journals were included in the study, with a mean Impact Factor of 2.404, indicating a relatively high influence in the subject area. CONCLUSION: The high h-index reflects abundant and high-quality literature on maxillofacial reconstruction, with the United States leading in publication quantity. Emerging topics in maxillofacial reconstruction were discussed. These areas shape the discipline, driving advancements and offering opportunities for researchers and clinicians to contribute to progress and improve patient outcomes.

A global science mapping analysis on odontogenic infections.

OBJECTIVES: Odontogenic infections are common and a topic of core interest for dentists, and maxillofacial surgeons. The aim of this study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the global literature on odontogenic infection and explore the top 100 most cited papers to identify the common causes, sequelae and management trends. METHODS: Following a comprehensive literature search, a list of top 100 most cited papers was created. The VOSviewer software (Leiden University, The Netherlands) was used to create a graphical representation of the data, and statistical analyses were performed to analyze the characteristics of the top 100 most cited papers. RESULTS: A total of 1,661 articles were retrieved with the first article published in 1947. There is an exponential upward trend on the number of publications (R2 = 0.919) and a majority of papers are in English language (n = 1,577, 94.94%). A total of 22,041 citations were found with a mean of 13.27 per article. The highest number of publications were recorded from developed countries. There was a male predilection in the reported cases and the most common sites included the submandibular and parapharyngeal spaces. Diabetes mellitus was identified as the commonest co-morbidity. Surgical drainage was ascertained to be the preferred method of management. CONCLUSIONS: Odontogenic infections remain prevalent and have a global distribution. Although prevention of odontogenic infection through meticulous dental care is ideal, early diagnosis and prompt management of established odontogenic infections is important to avoid morbidities and mortality. Surgical drainage is the most effective management strategy. There is lack of consensus regarding the role of antibiotics in the management of odontogenic infections.