RESUMO
Gliomas are responsible for more than 60% of all primary brain tumors. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a grade IV tumor (WHO), is one of the most frequent and malignant gliomas. Despite two decades of advances in the discovery of new markers for GBM, the chemotherapy of choice falls to temozolomide after surgery and radiotherapy, which are not enough to increase the survival of patients to more than 15 months. It is urgent to discover new anti-glioma compounds. Many compounds derived from natural products have been used in the development of anti-tumor drugs. In this work, we have screened six low molecular weight sesquiterpene lactones, isolated from Eremanthus spp., and studied their function as anti-proliferative agents against GBM strains. We demonstrated that two of them, goyazensolide and lychnofolide, were effective in reducing cell viability, preventing the formation of anchorage-dependent colony and were able to pass through a mimetic blood-brain barrier making them candidates for glioma therapy, being more potent than temozolomide, according to in vitro assays for the cell lines tested. Proteomic analysis revealed a number of altered proteins involved in glycolytic metabolism and cellular catabolism.
Assuntos
Lactonas/farmacologia , Vernonia/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Asteraceae , Barreira Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Brasil , Hidrocarbonetos Aromáticos com Pontes/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Furanos/farmacologia , Glioblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Glioma/metabolismo , Humanos , Lactonas/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Sesterterpenos/farmacologia , Vernonia/fisiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: to understand nurse perspectives regarding homeless pregnant women's accessibility to prenatal care. METHODS: a qualitative study, with analysis based on the concept of accessibility. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 11 nurses who work at the Street Outreach Office in northern Brazil. RESULTS: nurses are faced with geographic barriers and dangerous situations in border regions, recognizing that there is a context of physical, sexual and psychological violence that involves homeless pregnant women who seek care at the Street Outreach Office. Street Outreach Office nurses' work occurs in conjunction with other services in the Health Care Network. The implementation of educational measures is a powerful strategy, as is establishing links with women. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the Street Outreach Office's work provides meetings with pregnant women on site in the territory, which can provide geographic and socio-organizational accessibility to prenatal care.
Assuntos
Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Humanos , Brasil , Cuidado Pré-Natal/métodos , Cuidado Pré-Natal/normas , Feminino , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/normas , Gravidez , Adulto , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/psicologia , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/estatística & dados numéricos , Percepção , Pessoas Mal Alojadas/psicologia , Pessoas Mal Alojadas/estatística & dados numéricos , Entrevistas como Assunto/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the knowledge of Primary Education teachers regarding asthma and learn about their experiences with the exacerbation of symptoms at school. METHOD: Sequential explanatory mixed study. In the quantitative stage, the Newcastle Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire and the characterization instrument were applied. Data analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The production of qualitative data occurred from written statements analyzed using the deductive content analysis method. RESULTS: Two hundred and seven teachers, mostly women (92%) and working in public schools (82%). As for knowledge, 132 (63.8%) had unsatisfactory performance. The questions with the lowest rates of correct answers were about medications used regularly and during the attacks. Teachers with higher scores had less time in the occupation (p = 0.017) and had been diagnosed with asthma (p = 0.006). In the qualitative stage, 35 teachers participated and the statements corroborated the quantitative findings, especially in relation to the knowledge gap and feeling of greater safety among asthmatic teachers. CONCLUSION: Teachers showed insufficient knowledge and reported fear and unpreparedness in the face of the situation.
Assuntos
Asma , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Criança , Feminino , Masculino , Instituições Acadêmicas , Professores Escolares , Conhecimento , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the conceptions about COVID-19 among Brazilians who carry out commuting to work in clandestine mines located on the borders between Brazil, French Guiana and Suriname. METHOD: This is qualitative research, from an analytical perspective, based on Social Representation Theory. Semi-structured, audio-recorded interviews were carried out with 10 Brazilians who experience work routine in clandestine mining on the border between Brazil, French Guiana and Suriname. RESULTS: Two analytical categories emerged: "The disease of otherness"; and "Health access dimension". CONCLUSION: Disease severity was attributed to another or a human body organ, and not to individuals as a whole. Access to health services was established on issues of inequity, violence and illegal practices. The nature of a transient population, which carries out commuting and informal and clandestine work, demonstrates vulnerability to COVID-19 and a lower propensity to receive care.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Migrantes , Humanos , Pandemias , Guiana Francesa/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the the vulnerabilities to illnesses in women living on the border of the Guiana Shield mines: Brazil, French Guiana, and Suriname. METHOD: Descriptive, exploratory field study with a qualitative approach. Data collection took place with 19 women who were living in the mining context, in April 2018. The interviews were recorded and transcribed in full and subsequently analyzed in the light of the concept of vulnerability. RESULTS: Women aged between 30 and 39 years, predominantly black and brown, on a common-law marriage, multiparous, of low level of education, and with work activities related to mining. Three empirical categories emerged: Exposure to environmental and life conditions in the mines: vulnerabilities to illnesses in women; Sexual and reproductive health in the context of borders: the invisibility between legality and illegality; Gendered facets of violence in the mines on the border of the Guiana Shield. CONCLUSION: Vulnerability is marked in the three dimensions of the concept: in the difficult access to health services, in the discontinued treatment, and in the disparity in health policies within countries, which are important aspects of vulnerability and health conditions.
Assuntos
Política de Saúde , Reprodução , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Brasil , Escolaridade , ParidadeRESUMO
This study aimed to understand the perception of Street Outreach Office professionals regarding the health care offered to homeless women during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a qualitative and descriptive study developed with nine health professionals of a Street Outreach Office team from a large city in the countryside of São Paulo State (Brazil) from December 2020 to April 2021. Data were obtained through interviews using a semi-structured script with questions about care practices directed to homeless women. The data were analyzed according to content analysis in the thematic modality. Two thematic categories were identified: (i) the reorganization of the Street Outreach Office to meet the demands of the population and (ii) the challenges in caring for homeless women during the pandemic. The activities were intensified with the team's expansion and distribution of supplies such as masks and alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Our findings showed that the primary problem faced was pregnancy during the pandemic. The lack of material and structural resources and social apparatus to care for homeless women was also evidenced. It was possible to conclude that even with all the adversities, the professionals employed creative strategies, contributing, within their limitations, to the care of homeless women.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Pessoas Mal Alojadas , Humanos , Feminino , Pandemias , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Atenção à SaúdeRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: to describe the daily life of Brazilian women who work in mining. METHODS: a descriptive, qualitative study, with analysis based on the theory of Symbolic Interactionism. Non-participant observations, field diary writing, sociodemographic form, non-directive interviews, recorded and transcribed in full, were carried out with 19 women who work in mining areas on the French-Brazilian Amazon border. RESULTS: two categories emerged: Life trajectories: women's work in mining; Woman, mother and prospector: the multiple facets of gender inequality on the Amazon border. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: assessing the daily experiences of women in the Amazonian mines allowed identifying their health needs, evidencing the need to direct and implement public and social policies and health practices for comprehensive care of these women's health.
Assuntos
Mineração , Mães , Saúde da Mulher , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to understand the school inclusion of children and adolescents with Epidermolysis Bullosa from the mothers' perspective. METHOD: qualitative study, based on Urie Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory of Development, conducted between September and November 2021. Interviews were conducted with six mothers from different Brazilian locations, recording audio and video using the Google Meet® platform. The statements were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: two categories were identified: i) The school microsystem: challenges and adaptations for inclusion of children and adolescents with Epidermolysis Bullosa; ii) The school-family mesosystem: possibilities to promote better school inclusion. Mothers highlighted the challenges in school inclusion as well as the benefits provided by social interaction. In order to facilitate the inclusion, the school microsystem promoted adaptations in the teaching-learning process, structural changes, hiring of caregivers, and dialogues with family members. CONCLUSION: initially, school inclusion was permeated by feelings such as fear and anguish, but the adaptations contributed to promote well-being, welcoming, and social integration of children and adolescents.
Assuntos
Epidermólise Bolhosa , Mães , Feminino , Criança , Humanos , Adolescente , Instituições Acadêmicas , Medo , EmoçõesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe adolescents' everyday activities and emotional consequences related to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: Qualitative study grounded in Alfred Schütz's social phenomenology, involving 22 students at two public schools in a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Interviews were conducted, had their audio recorded, and were analyzed according to a thematic categorization. RESULTS: Five categories emerged from the accounts: i) adolescents' reaction before the COVID-19 pandemic; ii) emotional consequences; iii) concern about the family; iv) adolescents' adaptation; and v) fragmentation of social support networks. Feelings such as uncertainty, fear, anguish, anxiety, and lack of motivation, depressive symptoms, and extreme suicidal ideation were reported. CONCLUSION: Paying attention to adolescents' psychosocial needs is essential, especially in face of the possibility of post-traumatic stress as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Health professionals' technical competence combined with sensibility, strengthening of social support networks, and engagement of different community sectors are fundamental for promoting adolescent mental health in the current transition and resignification period following the COVID-19 pandemic.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Saúde Pública , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , Emoções , Humanos , PandemiasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to characterize adolescents' sexual practices and their association with sociodemographic variables, sources of information and behavioral habits. METHOD: a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study conducted with 85 adolescents from public elementary and high schools in a city in the state of São Paulo. Data were collected through a structured, self-administered and anonymous questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ2 test and Fisher's test. RESULTS: 21.2% had started their sexual life through oral sex, with a predominance of females (94.4%), self-reported brown color (55.0%). The practice of vaginal sex was reported in 31.8%, with a mean age of initiation at 14.5 years. The female sex was predominant (77.0%), with a self-reported brown color (40.0%). The practice of anal sex was detected in 7.1%, with a mean age of 14.4 years, prevalent in females (83.3%), with a self-reported black color (50.0%). There was an association of alcohol, drugs and tobacco use with sexual practices (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: a diversity of sexual practices associated with substance use was detected, emphasizing the importance of the nurse's role in planning and carrying out health education interventions with adolescents and families.(1) Analysis of the sequence and time of initiation of sexual practices, demonstrating the diversity of sexual activities performed by adolescents. (2) Family context and low openness to dialogue and its correlation with the initiation of adolescent sexual practices. (3) Behavioral habits: association of alcohol, tobacco and drug consumption by adolescents with sexual activities.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Adolescente , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Comportamento SexualRESUMO
The aim of study was to understand care strategies for homeless women, focusing on aspects of sexual and reproductive health from the perspective of Street Outreach Office strategy professionals. This is a qualitative study carried out in a large city in the countryside of São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected from December 2020 to April 2021 through semi-structured interviews, and the results were obtained through content analysis and thematic modality. Nine health professionals participated in this study, and the analysis of the interviews allowed identifying three thematic categories: (i) being female and sex on the streets (violence and oppression); (ii) gynecology as a gateway to comprehensive care for homeless women; and (iii) pregnancy, puerperium and motherhood in the context of the streets. This study contributes to the reflection of professional practices within the Street Outreach Office, allowing the understanding of challenges in assisting homeless women, aiming to raise awareness of professionals and services that make up the health care network.
Assuntos
Pessoas Mal Alojadas , Saúde Reprodutiva , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Gravidez , Reprodução , Comportamento Sexual , Saúde da MulherRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: to report the experience using ludic strategies for the teaching-learning in the elaboration of the genogram and ecomap; and the use of these instruments by Nursing students in the Primary Health Care services. METHODS: an experience report of the discipline Integrity of Care I (Integralidade do Cuidado I), of the Nursing School of Ribeirao Preto. Problems scenarios were created to approach the genogram and ecomap, comprising different family arrangements, represented by pedagogic puppets. RESULTS: students actively participated, held collective discussions, elaborated genogram, and ecomap, identified the type of family, and the stages of the vital cycle, providing increased dynamics and interactivity. Subsequently, in supervised activities in Primary Health Care services, students elaborated the genogram and ecomap to monitor a family. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the use of ludic strategies propitiates the teamwork, active interaction of the group, and the creativity. The articulation between theory and practice resulted in a significant learning.
Assuntos
Aprendizagem , Brasil , HumanosRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the knowledge of Primary Education teachers regarding asthma and learn about their experiences with the exacerbation of symptoms at school. Method: Sequential explanatory mixed study. In the quantitative stage, the Newcastle Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire and the characterization instrument were applied. Data analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The production of qualitative data occurred from written statements analyzed using the deductive content analysis method. Results: Two hundred and seven teachers, mostly women (92%) and working in public schools (82%). As for knowledge, 132 (63.8%) had unsatisfactory performance. The questions with the lowest rates of correct answers were about medications used regularly and during the attacks. Teachers with higher scores had less time in the occupation (p = 0.017) and had been diagnosed with asthma (p = 0.006). In the qualitative stage, 35 teachers participated and the statements corroborated the quantitative findings, especially in relation to the knowledge gap and feeling of greater safety among asthmatic teachers. Conclusion: Teachers showed insufficient knowledge and reported fear and unpreparedness in the face of the situation.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar el conocimiento de docentes de Educación Básica sobre el asma y conocer sus experiencias con la agudización de los síntomas en la escuela. Método: Estudio mixto del tipo explicativo secuencial. En la etapa cuantitativa, el Newcastle Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire y el instrumento de caracterización fueron aplicados. Datos fueron analizados por estadística descriptiva e inferencial. La producción de datos cualitativos se basó en declaraciones escritas analizadas utilizando el método de análisis de contenido deductivo. Resultados: Doscientos siete docentes, en su mayoría mujeres el 92%) y trabajando en escuelas públicas (el 82%). En cuanto al conocimiento, 132 (el 63,8%) tuvieron desempeño insatisfactorio. Las preguntas con las tasas más bajas de respuestas correctas fueron sobre medicamentos utilizados regularmente y durante la crisis. Los docentes con puntajes más altos tenían menos tiempo de trabajo (p = 0,017) y habían sido diagnosticados con asma (p = 0,006). En la etapa cualitativa participaron 35 docentes y las declaraciones corroboraron los hallazgos cuantitativos, especialmente en relación a la brecha de conocimiento y sensación de mayor seguridad entre los docentes asmáticos. Conclusión: Los docentes tenían conocimientos insuficientes y relataron temor y falta de preparación ante la situación.
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o conhecimento de professores da Educação Básica com relação à asma e conhecer suas vivências diante da exacerbação dos sintomas na escola. Método: Estudo misto do tipo explanatório sequencial. Na etapa quantitativa, foi aplicado remotamente o Newcastle Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire e o instrumento de caracterização. Dados analisados por estatística descritiva e inferencial. A produção dos dados qualitativos ocorreu a partir de depoimentos escritos analisados pelo método de análise de conteúdo dedutivo. Resultados: Duzentos e sete professores, maioria do sexo feminino (92%) e atuante em escolas públicas (82%). Quanto ao conhecimento, 132 (63,8%) apresentaram desempenho insatisfatório. As questões com menores índices de acerto eram sobre medicamentos utilizados regularmente e na crise. Os professores com maiores pontuações tinham menor tempo de atuação (p = 0,017) e possuíam diagnóstico de asma (p = 0,006). Na etapa qualitativa, participaram 35 professores e os depoimentos corroboraram os achados quantitativos, sobretudo com relação à lacuna de conhecimento e sentimento de maior segurança entre os professores asmáticos. Conclusão: Os professores apresentaram conhecimento insuficiente e relataram medo e despreparo frente à situação.
Assuntos
Saúde da Criança , Enfermagem , Asma , Pessoal de EducaçãoRESUMO
Resumo Objetivo conhecer e analisar as vivências de mães no cuidado a crianças e adolescentes com Epidermólise Bolhosa. Método estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa desenvolvido junto a dez mães de crianças e adolescentes com Epidermólise Bolhosa de diferentes regiões do Brasil, a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas, áudio e vídeo gravadas, por via remota, utilizando-se a plataforma Google Meet®, entre setembro e novembro de 2021. A técnica da análise temática direcionou a apreciação do material empírico. Resultados participaram do estudo mães com idade entre 23 e 53 anos. Duas categorias traduzem a vivência materna: i) O "baque" do diagnóstico e os desafios iniciais e ii) "Deixar de viver para viver para ele": as mudanças no cotidiano das famílias. Considerações finais e implicações para a prática as mães vivenciaram sentimentos de medo e insegurança diante do diagnóstico do filho e a rotina de cuidados, em especial, as trocas diárias de curativos, acarretaram sobrecarga física e emocional. Esses resultados podem subsidiar o acompanhamento dessas famílias de modo a instrumentalizá-las para o cuidado e apoiá-las emocionalmente.
Resumen Objetivo conocer y analizar la vida de las madres en el cuidado de niños y adolescentes con Epidermólisis Bullosa. Método estudio descriptivo de abordaje cualitativo desarrollado junto a diez madres de niños y adolescentes con Epidermólisis Bullosa de diferentes regiones de Brasil, a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas con grabación de audio y video, por vía remota, utilizando la plataforma Google Meet®, entre septiembre y noviembre de 2021. La técnica de análisis temático dirigió la apreciación del material empírico. Resultados participaron en el estudio mujeres de entre 23 y 53 años. Dos categorías traducen la experiencia materna: i) El "shock" del diagnóstico y los retos iniciales; y ii) "Dejar de vivir para vivir por él": los cambios en la vida cotidiana de las familias. Consideraciones finales e implicaciones para la práctica las madres experimentaron sentimientos de miedo e inseguridad ante el diagnóstico de su hijo y la rutina de cuidados, especialmente los cambios de apósito diarios provocaron una sobrecarga física y emocional. Estos resultados pueden servir de apoyo para el seguimiento de estas familias, con el fin de poder cuidarlas y apoyarlas emocionalmente.
Abstract Objective to know and analyze mothers' experiences in caring for children and adolescents with Epidermolysis Bullosa. Method a descriptive qualitative study was developed with ten mothers of children and adolescents with epidermolysis bullosa from different regions of Brazil using semi-structured interviews recorded remotely using Google Meet® between September and November 2021. The thematic analysis technique guided the appreciation of the empirical material. Results mothers aged between 23 and 53 years participated in the study. Two categories translate the maternal experience: i) the "shock" of the diagnosis and the initial challenges and ii) "Stop living to live for them": the changes in the families' daily life. Final considerations and implications for practice mothers experienced fear and insecurity when their child was diagnosed, and the care routine, especially the daily dressing changes, caused a physical and emotional burden. These results can support the follow-up of these families to provide them with care tools and emotional support.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Cuidado da Criança/psicologia , Epidermólise Bolhosa/diagnóstico , Mães/psicologia , Bandagens , Ferimentos e Lesões , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
Abstract Objectives: to verify the prevalence of breastfeeding and the children's nutritional status of indigenous origin up to two years of age in the triple frontier region: Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay. Methods: data from the Sistema de Vigilância Nutricional e Alimentar Indígena (Indigenous Food and Nutrition Surveillance System) were analyzed, being a cross-sectional and descriptive study. The survey was carried out in 2018, with data referring to 2017. Registrations of indigenous children of both sexes,aged zero to two years old were included. Data were extracted from the indigenous children's follow-up map. The prevalence of breastfeeding and complementary feeding was evaluated. Results: the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in children under six months of age was 93.4% and complementary breastfeeding was 6.5%. The prevalence of complementary breastfeeding after six months was 71.6% and exclusive breastfeeding after six months was 28.3%. Regarding social benefits, 30.3% of the families accumulated two types of social benefits. Conclusions: the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was high and surpassed the national prevalence in the first semester of life, there was no early weaning.
Resumo Objetivos: verificar a prevalência do aleitamento materno e estado nutricional de crianças de origem indígena até dois anos de idade na região de tríplice fronteira: Brasil, Argentina e Paraguai. Métodos: foram analisados dados do Sistema de Vigilância Nutricional e Alimentar Indígena, sendo um estudo transversal e descritivo. A pesquisa foi realizada em 2018, com dados referentes à 2017. Foram incluídos registros de crianças indígenas de zero a dois anos de idade, de ambos os sexos. Os dados foram extraídos do mapa de acompanhamento de crianças indígenas. Foi avaliada a prevalência do aleitamento materno e alimentação complementar. Resultados: a prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo em menores de seis meses foi de 93,4% e do aleitamento materno complementado foi de 6,5%. A prevalência do aleitamento materno complementado após seis meses foi de 71,6% e do aleitamento materno exclusivo após seis meses foi de 28,3%. Com relação à classificação de peso para a idade, 80,5% dos registros mostraram crianças com peso adequado para a idade. Em relação aos benefícios sociais, 30,3% das famílias acumulavam dois tipos de benefícios sociais. Conclusões: a prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo foi alta e superam prevalência nacional no primeiro semestre de vida, não houve desmame precoce.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Estado Nutricional , Saúde de Populações Indígenas , Nutrição do Lactente , Povos Indígenas , Paraguai/epidemiologia , Argentina/epidemiologia , Desmame , Brasil/epidemiologia , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do LactenteRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the the vulnerabilities to illnesses in women living on the border of the Guiana Shield mines: Brazil, French Guiana, and Suriname. Method: Descriptive, exploratory field study with a qualitative approach. Data collection took place with 19 women who were living in the mining context, in April 2018. The interviews were recorded and transcribed in full and subsequently analyzed in the light of the concept of vulnerability. Results: Women aged between 30 and 39 years, predominantly black and brown, on a common-law marriage, multiparous, of low level of education, and with work activities related to mining. Three empirical categories emerged: Exposure to environmental and life conditions in the mines: vulnerabilities to illnesses in women; Sexual and reproductive health in the context of borders: the invisibility between legality and illegality; Gendered facets of violence in the mines on the border of the Guiana Shield. Conclusion: Vulnerability is marked in the three dimensions of the concept: in the difficult access to health services, in the discontinued treatment, and in the disparity in health policies within countries, which are important aspects of vulnerability and health conditions.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las vulnerabilidades por la enfermedad de las mujeres en zonas mineras en la frontera del Escudo Guayanés: Brasil, Guayana Francesa y Surinam. Método: Investigación de campo, descriptiva, exploratoria, con enfoque cualitativo. La recolección de datos se realizó con 19 mujeres que vivían el contexto de las minerías, en abril de 2018. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas y transcritas en su totalidad y posteriormente analizadas a la luz del concepto de vulnerabilidad. Resultados: Mujeres de 30 a 39 años, predominantemente negras y pardas, unión estable, multíparas, baja escolaridad y con actividades laborales afines a la minería. Surgieron tres categorías empíricas: Exposición a las condiciones ambientales y de vida en las minerías: vulnerabilidades de las mujeres a enfermarse; salud sexual y reproductiva en el contexto de las fronteras: la invisibilidad entre la legalidad y la ilegalidad; facetas de género de la violencia en las minerías de la frontera del escudo guayanés. Conclusión: La vulnerabilidad se acentúa en las tres dimensiones del concepto, a saber, el difícil acceso a los servicios de salud, la interrupción del tratamiento y la disparidad en las políticas de salud entre países, son aspectos importantes para la vulnerabilidad y las condiciones de salud.
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as vulnerabilidades para o adoecimento de mulheres em áreas de garimpos da fronteira do Escudo das Guianas: Brasil, Guiana Francesa e Suriname. Método: Pesquisa de campo, descritiva, exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados ocorreu com 19 mulheres que vivenciavam o contexto de garimpagem, em abril de 2018. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas na íntegra e posteriormente analisadas à luz do conceito de vulnerabilidade. Resultados: Mulheres com idade entre 30 e 39 anos, predominantemente pretas e pardas, união estável, multíparas, baixa escolaridade e com atividades de trabalho relacionadas à garimpagem. Emergiram três categorias empíricas: Exposição às condições ambientais e de vida nos garimpos: vulnerabilidades para o adoecimento de mulheres; Saúde sexual e reprodutiva no contexto de fronteiras: a invisibilidade entre a legalidade e a ilegalidade; Facetas gendradas da violência nos garimpos da fronteira do escudo das Guianas. Conclusão: A vulnerabilidade é acentuada nas três dimensões do conceito, quais sejam: a dificuldade de acesso aos serviços de saúde, tratamento descontinuado e disparidade nas políticas de saúde entre os países, que são aspectos importantes à vulnerabilidade e condições de saúde.
Assuntos
Saúde da Mulher , Vulnerabilidade em Saúde , Saúde na Fronteira , Populações Vulneráveis , MineraçãoRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the conceptions about COVID-19 among Brazilians who carry out commuting to work in clandestine mines located on the borders between Brazil, French Guiana and Suriname. Method: This is qualitative research, from an analytical perspective, based on Social Representation Theory. Semi-structured, audio-recorded interviews were carried out with 10 Brazilians who experience work routine in clandestine mining on the border between Brazil, French Guiana and Suriname. Results: Two analytical categories emerged: "The disease of otherness"; and "Health access dimension". Conclusion: Disease severity was attributed to another or a human body organ, and not to individuals as a whole. Access to health services was established on issues of inequity, violence and illegal practices. The nature of a transient population, which carries out commuting and informal and clandestine work, demonstrates vulnerability to COVID-19 and a lower propensity to receive care.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las concepciones sobre el COVID-19 entre los brasileños que realizan desplazamientos para trabajar en minas clandestinas ubicadas en las fronteras entre Brasil, Guayana Francesa y Surinam. Método: Investigación cualitativa, desde una perspectiva analítica, basada en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y grabadas en audio a 10 brasileños que viven la rutina de trabajo en minas clandestinas en la frontera entre Brasil, Guayana Francesa y Surinam. Resultados: Se designaron dos categorías analíticas: "La enfermedad de la alteridad"; y "Dimensiones del acceso a la salud". Conclusión: La gravedad de la enfermedad se atribuyó a otro o a un órgano del cuerpo humano, y no al individuo en su conjunto. El acceso a los servicios de salud se estableció sobre temas de inequidad, violencia y prácticas ilegales. La naturaleza de la población transitoria, que realiza desplazamientos y trabajos informales y clandestinos, demuestra vulnerabilidad al COVID-19 y una menor propensión a recibir atención.
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as concepções acerca da covid-19 entre brasileiros que realizam migração pendular para trabalhar em garimpos clandestinos situados nas fronteiras entre Brasil, Guiana Francesa e Suriname. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, em uma perspectiva analítica, alicerçada na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, áudiogravadas com 10 brasileiros que vivenciam a rotina de trabalho em garimpos clandestinos na fronteira entre Brasil, Guiana Francesa e Suriname. Resultados: Foram designadas duas categorias analíticas: "A doença da alteridade"; e "Dimensão do acesso à saúde". Conclusão: A gravidade da doença foi atribuída ao outro ou a um órgão do corpo humano, e não ao indivíduo como um todo. O acesso aos serviços de saúde instituiu-se em questões de iniquidade, violência e práticas ilegais. O caráter de população transitória, que realiza migração pendular e de trabalho informal e clandestino, demonstra vulnerabilidade à covid-19 e menor propensão a receber cuidados.
Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por Coronavirus , Saúde na Fronteira , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Áreas de Fronteira , COVID-19 , MineraçãoRESUMO
Objetivo: identificar os fatores associados à ocorrência de transtornos mentais em profissionais de enfermagem atuantes em instituições hospitalares no período de pré-vacinação na pandemia COVID-19. Método: estudo multicêntrico de abordagem quantitativa, transversal, descritivo e analítico, desenvolvido com 859 profissionais de enfermagem, atuantes em três instituições hospitalares de ensino brasileiras, que responderam ao formulário de coleta de dados, entre novembro de 2020 e fevereiro de 2021. Resultados: evidenciou-se a ocorrência de 358 (41,9%) profissionais diagnosticados com COVID-19, sendo que 128 (44,14%) relataram a ocorrência de transtornos mentais (p<0,05). Conclusão: diabetes e doença autoimune, assim como a assistência direta a pacientes com COVID-19, estiveram associadas à ocorrência de sintomas de transtornos mentais em profissionais de enfermagem.
Objective: to identify factors associated with the occurrence of mental disorders in nursing professionals working in hospitals in the pre-vaccination period during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: multicenter study with a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical approach, developed with 859 nursing professionals, working in three Brazilian teaching hospital institutions, who answered the data collection form, between November 2020 and February 2021. Results: the occurrence of 358 (41.9%) professionals diagnosed with COVID-19 was evidenced, with 128 (44.14%) reporting the occurrence of mental disorders (p<0.05). Conclusion: diabetes and autoimmune disease, as well as direct assistance to patients with COVID-19, were associated with the occurrence of symptoms of mental disorders in nursing professionals.
Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados a la incidencia de trastornos mentales en profesionales de enfermería que trabajan en hospitales en el período previo a la vacunación durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: estudio multicéntrico con enfoque cuantitativo, transversal, descriptivo y analítico, desarrollado junto a 859 profesionales de enfermería que trabajan en tres instituciones hospitalarias brasileñas de enseñanza y que respondieron el formulario de recolección de datos, entre noviembre de 2020 y febrero de 2021. Resultados: Se evidenció la incidencia de 358 (41,9%) profesionales diagnosticados con COVID-19, siendo que 128 (44,14%) informaron la aparición de trastornos mentales (p<0,05). Conclusión: la diabetes y las enfermedades autoinmunes, así como la asistencia directa a pacientes con COVID-19, se asociaron con la aparición de síntomas de trastornos mentales en profesionales de enfermería.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Pandemias , Técnicos de Enfermagem/psicologia , Estresse Ocupacional , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/psicologia , Assistentes de Enfermagem/psicologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Modelos Logísticos , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Hospitais UniversitáriosRESUMO
Resumo Objetivo Identificar a raça/cor autorreferida por mulheres com 60 dias de pós-parto; identificar a prevalência do indicativo de transtorno depressivo nessas mulheres e verificar a associação entre o indicativo de transtorno depressivo e o quesito raça/cor autorreferida. Métodos Estudo transversal desenvolvido em um município do interior paulista. Foram utilizados, para a coleta de dados, um instrumento com dados sociodemográficos e a Escala de Depressão Pós-Natal de Edimburgo. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o Statistical Package for Social Sciences, SPSS, versão 17.0. Resultados Participaram deste estudo 186 mulheres, 60,8% referiram ser da cor parda, 24,2% apresentaram indicativo de transtorno depressivo e, entre estas, 81,7% eram da raça negra. O indicativo de transtorno depressivo associou-se às variáveis: número de filhos (p=0,006), gestação planejada (p=0,04) e tipo de parto (p< 0,001). Conclusão Os resultados deste estudo contribuem para maior visibilidade da temática da saúde mental das mulheres, especificamente das mulheres negras, pois, mesmo que não tenha sido identificada associação significativa dentre aquelas que apresentaram indicativo de transtorno depressivo, a maioria era da raça negra.
Resumen Objetivo Identificar la raza/color autodeclarado por mujeres con 60 días de posparto, identificar la prevalencia de indicios de trastorno depresivo en esas mujeres y verificar la relación entre los indicios de trastorno depresivo y el ítem raza/color autodeclarado. Métodos Estudio transversal realizado en un municipio del interior paulista. Para la recopilación de datos, se utilizó un instrumento con datos sociodemográficos y la Escala de Depresión Posnatal de Edimburgo. Para analizar los datos se utilizó el Statistical Package for Social Sciences, SPSS, versión 17.0. Resultados Participaron en el estudio 186 mujeres, el 60,8 % declararon ser de color pardo, el 24,2 % presentó indicios de trastorno depresivo y, entre ellas, el 81,7 % era de raza negra. Los indicios de trastorno depresivo se relacionaron a las variables: número de hijos (p=0,006), embarazo planeado (p=0,04) y tipo de parto (p< 0,001). Conclusión Los resultados de este estudio contribuyen para una mayor visibilidad del tema de salud mental de las mujeres, específicamente de mujeres negras, ya que, aunque no se haya identificado una relación significativa entre las que presentaron indicios de trastorno depresivo, la mayoría era de raza negra.
Abstract Objective To identify the race/color self-reported by women 60 days postpartum; to identify the prevalence of signs of depressive disorder among these women and to verify the association between signs of depressive disorder and the self-reported race/color. Methods Cross-sectional study carried out in a noncapital city in the state of São Paulo. An instrument with sociodemographic data and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale were used for data collection. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, SPSS, version 17.0. Results A total of 186 women participated in this study, 60.8% reported being brown, 24.2% had signs of depressive disorder and, among these, 81.7% were black. Signs of depressive disorder were associated with the variables: number of children (p=0.006), planned pregnancy (p=0.04) and type of delivery (p< 0.001). Conclusion The results of this study contribute to greater visibility of the issue of women's mental health, specifically of black women, because even though no significant association was identified among those who showed signs of depressive disorder, most were black.
RESUMO
Objetivo: caracterizar as notificações de malária em gestantes no município de Oiapoque. Método: estudo documental, descritivo, retrospectivo e com abordagem quantitativa, realizado a partir de dados secundários do Sistema de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Malária em Oiapoque-Amapá, Brasil, no período de 2013 a 2017. Abordam-se as seguintes variáveis de casos autóctones de malária em gestantes: ano, mês de ocorrência, idade gestacional, espécie infectante de Plasmodium e unidade de notificação. Os dados foram apresentados e analisados mediante estatística descritiva e formulação de mapas de distribuição espacial, gerados pelo software ArcGIS. Resultados: predominaram notificações em áreas urbanas, especialmente no bairro Paraíso (74%), sendo o Plasmodium vivax o principal agente (88%), e de maior incidência entre outubro a dezembro (33%), no terceiro trimestre gestacional (35%). Conclusão: o perfil de notificações de malária em gestante desse munícipio assemelha-se a estudos anteriores nessa região quanto ao local de concentração e período de maior ocorrência. No entanto, a introdução gradativa do protozoário Plasmodium falciparum traz um alerta para a mobilização de gestores e profissionais.
Objective: to characterize the notifications of malaria in pregnant women in the municipality of Oiapoque. Method: documentary, descriptive, retrospective and quantitative study, conducted from secondary data of the Epidemiological Surveillance System of Malaria in Oiapoque-Amapá, Brazil, from 2013 to 2017. The following variables of autochthonous cases of malaria in pregnant women are addressed: year, month of occurrence, gestational age, Plasmodium infecting species and notification unit. Data were presented and analyzed using descriptive statistics and formulation of spatial distribution maps, generated by ArcGIS software. Results: notifications predominated in urban areas, especially in the Paraíso neighborhood (74%), with Plasmodium Vivax being the main agent (88%), and with a higher incidence between October and December (33%), in the third gestational quarter (35%). Conclusion: the profile of reports of malaria in pregnant women of this municipality resembles previous studies in this region, regarding the place of concentration and period of greater occurrence. However, the gradual introduction of the protozoan Plasmodium falciparum brings an alert to the mobilization of managers and professionals.