The Adsorption of P2X2 Receptors Interacting with IgG Antibodies Revealed by Combined AFM Imaging and Mechanical Simulation.

The adsorption of proteins onto surfaces significantly impacts biomaterials, medical devices, and biological processes. This study aims to provide insights into the irreversible adsorption process of multiprotein complexes, particularly focusing on the interaction between anti-His6 IgG antibodies and the His6-tagged P2X2 receptor. Traditional approaches to understanding protein adsorption have centered around kinetic and thermodynamic models, often examining individual proteins and surface coverage, typically through Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. In this research, we introduce a computational approach employing Autodesk Maya 3D software for the investigation of multiprotein complexes' adsorption behavior. Utilizing Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) imaging and Maya 3D-based mechanical simulations, our study yields real-time structural and kinetic observations. Our combined experimental and computational findings reveal that the P2X2 receptor-IgG antibody complex likely undergoes absorption in an 'extended' configuration. Whereas the P2X2 receptor is less adsorbed once is complexed to the IgG antibody compared to its individual state, the opposite is observed for the antibody. This insight enhances our understanding of the role of protein-protein interactions in the process of protein adsorption.

[Recurrent acute pancreatitis secondary to sphincter of oddi dysfunction: Case report]. / Pancreatitis aguda recurrente secundaria a disfunción del esfínter de oddi: Reporte de caso.

Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction (SOD) is a rare pathology that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with biliary pain episodes or recurrent acute pancreatitis and a background of cholecystectomy. Generally, these are patients with multiple consultations where this pathology has considerably affected their quality of life. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings, serological markers and supporting diagnostic tests requested according to the suspected sphincteric component. The most effective treatment is endoscopic sphincterotomy. The use of prosthesis is accepted but debated. We present the case of a male patient in his forties who consulted for multiple episodes of recurrent acute pancreatitis with etiology studies suspecting dysfunction of the pancreatic sphincter of Oddi and who was taken to endoscopic management with improvement of his clinical picture.

Oral Habits in Childhood and Occlusal Pathologies: A Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: To analyse the relationship between the different habits that occur in childhood and the different malocclusions in the three planes of space. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A clinical examination of 106 children between 5 and 12 years of age was carried out and a survey validated by professors of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Seville was made for the parents in order to identify the habits and relate them to the possible malocclusions detected in the child's mouth. RESULTS: 72.64% of the sample presented a malocclusion in at least one of the three planes of space, with a similar distribution. When correlating the variables, statistically significant relationships were observed in the vertical plane with atypical swallowing (p = 0 < 0.05; V > 0.3) and lip sucking (p = 0 < 0.05; V > 0.3) and in the horizontal plane with oral breathing (p = 0 < 0.05; V > 0.3), atypical swallowing (p = 0 < 0.05; V < 0.3) and digital sucking (p = 0 < 0.05; V < 0.3). CONCLUSIONS: It has been observed that the prevalence and prolongation of habits in childhood is increasing, so it is essential to detect pernicious habits at an early age to prevent the establishment of malocclusions and to favour the correct craniofacial growth of the child.

Analysis of congenital heart disease research: Mapping impact, production and global collaboration.

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a severe childhood health problem worldwide. This study analyzes the scientific production on CHD published in Scopus during the last decade. Methods: This study assessed the research on CHD conducted during the 2011-2020 period. Indexed publications were identified using a list of keywords consisting of MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) and Emtree (EMBASE) terms for the category "Congenital Heart Defects." The studies obtained were analyzed using the SciVal platform, and the production, impact, and collaboration indicators were considered. Additionally, an analysis of co-occurrence between countries and keywords was carried out with the VOSviewer software. Results: The study found 8934 articles on CHD. A growing trend was observed during the last decade. The distribution of the scientific production at the international level shows that most publications are from the United States, China, and the United Kingdom, whereas Latin American countries have the lowest production. The articles analyzed contain a total of 89,835 citations. Most studies are published in high-impact journals (Q1), with 3273 studies corresponding to 39.3% of the total production analyzed. In the keyword analysis, we found five areas investigated. Conclusions: Scientific production has shown sustained growth in the past years. Increased scientific production in specific research areas may have helped decrease morbimortality due to CHD.

Effects of decision aids for depression treatment in adults: systematic review.

AIM AND METHOD: To determine the effect on decisional-related and clinical outcomes of decision aids for depression treatment in adults in randomised clinical trials. In January 2019, a systematic search was conducted in five databases. Study selection and data extraction were performed in duplicate. Meta-analyses were performed, and standardised and weighted mean differences were calculated, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated with GRADE methodology. RESULTS: Six randomised clinical trials were included. The pooled estimates showed that decision aids for depression treatment had a beneficial effect on patients' decisional conflict, patient knowledge and information exchange between patient and health professional. However, no statistically significant effect was found for doctor facilitation, treatment adherence or depressive symptoms. The certainty of the evidence was very low for all outcomes. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Using decision aids to choose treatment in patients with depression may have a a beneficial effect on decisional-related outcomes, but it may not translate into an improvement in clinical outcomes.

[Scoping reviews, umbrella reviews and focused mapping review synthesis: methodological aspects and applications]. / Revisiones de alcance, revisiones paraguas y síntesis enfocada en revisión de mapas: aspectos metodológicos y aplicaciones.

We aimed to comment on the methodological differences and applications of these three types of reviews with special attention to Latin America. Among these new types of reviews we have the scoping review, umbrella review and focused mapping review synthesis. Scoping reviews identify the nature and extent of the evidence, umbrella reviews focus on the synthesis of all systematic reviews that address the same health problem, while focused mapping review syntheses are valid options when a classical mapping of the evidence is not feasible, due to addressing too many articles. As researchers in Latin America become familiar with the methodology and usefulness of these new types of review, an increase in scientific production will be observed.

Nuestro objetivo fue comentar las diferencias metodológicas y aplicaciones de tres nuevos tipos de revisiones con especial atención a Latinoamérica. Entre estos nuevos tipos de revisiones tenemos a las revisiones de alcance, revisiones paraguas y síntesis enfocada en revisión de mapas. Las revisiones de alcance identifican la naturaleza y extensión de la evidencia, las revisiones paraguas se centran en la síntesis de todas las revisiones sistemáticas que abordan un mismo problema de salud, mientras que las síntesis enfocadas en la revisión de mapas son opciones válidas cuando resulta inviable un mapeo clásico de la evidencia, por abordar demasiados artículos. En la medida de que los investigadores en Latinoamérica se familiaricen con la metodología y utilidad de estos nuevos tipos de revisión, se observará un incremento de la producción científica.

Accuracy of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)-4 and GDS-5 for the screening of depression among older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a widely used instrument to assess depression in older adults. The short GDS versions that have four (GDS-4) and five items (GDS-5) represent alternatives for depression screening in limited-resource settings. However, their accuracy remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy of the GDS-4 and GDS-5 versions for depression screening in older adults. METHODS: Until May 2020, we systematically searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Google Scholar; for studies that have assessed the sensitivity and specificity of GDS-4 and GDS-5 for depression screening in older adults. We conducted meta-analyses of the sensitivity and specificity of those studies that used the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) as reference standard. Study quality was assessed with the QUADAS-2 tool. We performed bivariate random-effects meta-analyses to calculate the pooled sensitivity and specificity with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) at each reported common cut-off. For the overall meta-analyses, we evaluated each GDS-4 version or GDS-5 version separately by each cut-off, and for investigations of heterogeneity, we assessed altogether across similar GDS versions by each cut-off. Also, we assessed the certainty of evidence using the GRADE methodology. RESULTS: Twenty-three studies were included and meta-analyzed, assessing eleven different GDS versions. The number of participants included was 5048. When including all versions together, at a cut-off 2, GDS-4 had a pooled sensitivity of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.70-0.82) and a pooled specificity of 0.75 (0.68-0.81); while GDS-5 had a pooled sensitivity of 0.85 (0.80-0.90) and a pooled specificity of 0.75 (0.69-0.81). We found results for more than one GDS-4 version at cut-off points 1, 2, and 3; and for more than one GDS-5 version at cut-off points 1, 2, 3, and 4. Mostly, significant subgroup differences at different test thresholds across versions were found. The accuracy of the different GDS-4 and GDS-5 versions showed a high heterogeneity. There was high risk of bias in the index test domain. Also, the certainty of the evidence was low or very low for most of the GDS versions. CONCLUSIONS: We found several GDS-4 and GDS-5 versions that showed great heterogeneity in estimates of sensitivity and specificity, mostly with a low or very low certainty of the evidence. Altogether, our results indicate the need for more well-designed studies that compare different GDS versions.

A Bibliometric Analysis of the Latin American Research on Stroke 2003-2017.

BACKGROUND: Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Research activity in Latin American countries might be the key to solving, or at least improving, the understanding of stroke-related issues in the region. Our aim was to describe and analyze the research output on stroke in Latin America. METHODS: We performed a bibliometric analysis of studies on stroke in Latin America reported from 2003 to 2017 in Scopus-indexed journals. We extracted the annual research, countries, journals, authors, institutions, citation frequency, and journal metrics. The data were quantitatively analyzed. Publication activity was adjusted to the countries by population size. Also, the results from an author and country co-occurrence analysis are presented as network visualization maps using VOSviewer. RESULTS: A total of 2298 Latin American stroke-related reports were identified, most were original research reports (72%). The number of reported studies had increased from 2003 to 2017 (P < 0.001). Brazil was the country with the greatest production with 1273 reports (55.4%), followed by Argentina and Mexico. No association was found between stroke prevalence and mortality and the scientific production of the country. Six universities and three hospitals were the most prolific institutions. A collaborative relationship was found between the United States and Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico. The intraregional collaboration of research on stroke was low among Latin American countries. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the continuous increase in research output from Latin American countries, more effort is needed to strengthen the research capacity by developing networks and collaborative research projects, ideally among the Latin American countries themselves.

Pancreatitis aguda recurrente secundaria a disfunción del esfínter de oddi: Reporte de caso

La disfunción del esfínter de Oddi (DEO) es una patología poco frecuente que debe ser considerada en el diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes con episodios de dolor biliar o pancreatitis aguda recurrente y antecedente de colecistectomía. Generalmente son pacientes con múltiples consultas, en los cuales la patología ha afectado considerablemente su calidad de vida. El diagnóstico se sustenta en la clínica, los marcadores serológicos y los medios diagnósticos de soporte, que se solicitan según el componente esfinteriano sospechado. El tratamiento con mayor eficacia es la esfinterotomía endoscópica. El uso de prótesis es aceptado, pero discutido. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino en la cuarta década de la vida que consultó por múltiples episodios de pancreatitis aguda recurrente con estudios de etiología que sospecharon disfunción del esfínter de Oddi pancreático y quien fue llevado a manejo endoscópico, con mejoría de su cuadro clínico.

Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction (SOD) is a rare pathology that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with biliary pain episodes or recurrent acute pancreatitis and a background of cholecystectomy. Generally, these are patients with multiple consultations where this pathology has considerably affected their quality of life. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings, serological markers and supporting diagnostic tests requested according to the suspected sphincteric component. The most effective treatment is endoscopic sphincterotomy. The use of prosthesis is accepted but debated. We present the case of a male patient in his forties who consulted for multiple episodes of recurrent acute pancreatitis with etiology studies suspecting dysfunction of the pancreatic sphincter of Oddi and who was taken to endoscopic management with improvement of his clinical picture.

[Cost-effectiveness of Synchronous vs. Asynchronous Telepsychiatry in Prison Inmates With Depression]. / Costo-efectividad de telepsiquiatría sincrónica frente a asincrónica para personas con depresión privadas de la libertad.

INTRODUCTION: Telepsychiatry is defined as the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in providing remote psychiatric services. Telepsychiatry is applied using two types of communication: synchronous (real time) and asynchronous (store and forward). OBJECTIVE: To determine the cost-effectiveness of a synchronous and an asynchronous telepsychiatric model in prison inmate patients with symptoms of depression. METHODS: A cost-effectiveness study was performed on a population consisting of 157 patients from the Establecimiento Penitenciario y Carcelario de Mediana Seguridad de Manizales, Colombia. The sample was determined by applying Zung self-administered surveys for depression (1965) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the latter being the tool used for the comparison. RESULTS: Initial Hamilton score, arrival time, duration of system downtime, and clinical effectiveness variables had normal distributions (P>.05). There were significant differences (P<.001) between care costs for the different models, showing that the mean cost of the asynchronous model is less than synchronous model, and making the asynchronous model more cost-effective. CONCLUSIONS: The asynchronous model is the most cost-effective model of telepsychiatry care for patients with depression admitted to a detention centre, according to the results of clinical effectiveness, cost measurement, and patient satisfaction.

C3G promotes a selective release of angiogenic factors from activated mouse platelets to regulate angiogenesis and tumor metastasis.

Previous observations indicated that C3G (RAPGEF1) promotes α-granule release, evidenced by the increase in P-selectin exposure on the platelet surface following its activation. The goal of the present study is to further characterize the potential function of C3G as a modulator of the platelet releasate and its implication in the regulation of angiogenesis. Proteomic analysis revealed a decreased secretion of anti-angiogenic factors from activated transgenic C3G and C3G∆Cat platelets. Accordingly, the secretome from both transgenic platelets had an overall pro-angiogenic effect as evidenced by an in vitro capillary-tube formation assay with HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) and by two in vivo models of heterotopic tumor growth. In addition, transgenic C3G expression in platelets greatly increased mouse melanoma cells metastasis. Moreover, immunofluorescence microscopy showed that the pro-angiogenic factors VEGF and bFGF were partially retained into α-granules in thrombin- and ADP-activated mouse platelets from both, C3G and C3GΔCat transgenic mice. The observed interaction between C3G and Vesicle-associated membrane protein (Vamp)-7 could explain these results. Concomitantly, increased platelet spreading in both transgenic platelets upon thrombin activation supports this novel function of C3G in α-granule exocytosis. Collectively, our data point out to the co-existence of Rap1GEF-dependent and independent mechanisms mediating C3G effects on platelet secretion, which regulates pathological angiogenesis in tumors and other contexts. The results herein support an important role for platelet C3G in angiogenesis and metastasis.

Revisiones de alcance, revisiones paraguas y síntesis enfocada en revisión de mapas: aspectos metodológicos y aplicaciones / Scoping reviews, umbrella reviews and focused mapping review synthesis: methodological aspects and applications

RESUMEN Nuestro objetivo fue comentar las diferencias metodológicas y aplicaciones de tres nuevos tipos de revisiones con especial atención a Latinoamérica. Entre estos nuevos tipos de revisiones tenemos a las revisiones de alcance, revisiones paraguas y síntesis enfocada en revisión de mapas. Las revisiones de alcance identifican la naturaleza y extensión de la evidencia, las revisiones paraguas se centran en la síntesis de todas las revisiones sistemáticas que abordan un mismo problema de salud, mientras que las síntesis enfocadas en la revisión de mapas son opciones válidas cuando resulta inviable un mapeo clásico de la evidencia, por abordar demasiados artículos. En la medida de que los investigadores en Latinoamérica se familiaricen con la metodología y utilidad de estos nuevos tipos de revisión, se observará un incremento de la producción científica.

ABSTRACT We aimed to comment on the methodological differences and applications of these three types of reviews with special attention to Latin America. Among these new types of reviews we have the scoping review, umbrella review and focused mapping review synthesis. Scoping reviews identify the nature and extent of the evidence, umbrella reviews focus on the synthesis of all systematic reviews that address the same health problem, while focused mapping review syntheses are valid options when a classical mapping of the evidence is not feasible, due to addressing too many articles. As researchers in Latin America become familiar with the methodology and usefulness of these new types of review, an increase in scientific production will be observed.

Revisiones de alcance, revisiones paraguas y síntesis enfocada en revisión de mapas: aspectos metodológicos y aplicaciones / Scoping reviews, umbrella reviews and focused mapping review synthesis: methodological aspects and applications

RESUMEN Nuestro objetivo fue comentar las diferencias metodológicas y aplicaciones de tres nuevos tipos de revisiones con especial atención a Latinoamérica. Entre estos nuevos tipos de revisiones tenemos a las revisiones de alcance, revisiones paraguas y síntesis enfocada en revisión de mapas. Las revisiones de alcance identifican la naturaleza y extensión de la evidencia, las revisiones paraguas se centran en la síntesis de todas las revisiones sistemáticas que abordan un mismo problema de salud, mientras que las síntesis enfocadas en la revisión de mapas son opciones válidas cuando resulta inviable un mapeo clásico de la evidencia, por abordar demasiados artículos. En la medida de que los investigadores en Latinoamérica se familiaricen con la metodología y utilidad de estos nuevos tipos de revisión, se observará un incremento de la producción científica.

ABSTRACT We aimed to comment on the methodological differences and applications of these three types of reviews with special attention to Latin America. Among these new types of reviews we have the scoping review, umbrella review and focused mapping review synthesis. Scoping reviews identify the nature and extent of the evidence, umbrella reviews focus on the synthesis of all systematic reviews that address the same health problem, while focused mapping review syntheses are valid options when a classical mapping of the evidence is not feasible, due to addressing too many articles. As researchers in Latin America become familiar with the methodology and usefulness of these new types of review, an increase in scientific production will be observed.

[Stereotactic radiosurgery with linear accelerator (LINAC). Report of the technical experience in 100 cases treated at the Mexico General Hospital]. / Radiocirugía estereotáxica con acelerador lineal (LINAC). Informe de la experiencia técnica en el manejo de 100 casos en el Hospital General de México.

UNLABELLED: Stereotactic radiosurgery consists of the release and high dose radiation inside the intracraneal, small, well defined and stereotactic localized injury. OBJECTIVE: In this study we describe the technical aspects, clinical results and dose radiation levels used in 100 patients treated with LINAC. METHODS: One hundred patients received treatment with LINAC stereotactic radiosurgery, 34 AVM, 22 meningiomas, 18 astrocytomas, 11 pituitary adenomas, 5 cavernous malformations, 3 acoustic neuromas, 3 craniopharyngiomas, 2 cases of epilepsy, one brain metastasis and one ependymoma. The radiation dose changed in each case. Studied variables: response of the injury, toxicity, in target dose, number of isocenters, number of treatment arcs, number o fcollimators, dose of risk organ, homogeneity of target, margin of error, target, diameter of collimator and location of target. We applied the chi2 test with statistical significance of p < 0.05. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 17.7 months. We had 3 cases of minor toxicity. We confirmed that for a greater target volume, greater number of treatment arcs were necessary, with greater margins of errors and greater number of isocenters. CONCLUSIONS: Radiosurgery is a safe and reliable technique to treat benign and malignant intracraneal lesions.

[Effect of risk on the child of an older mother (case-control study)]. / Efecto de riesgo en el hijo de madre con edad avanzada (estudio de casos y controles).

INTRODUCTION: During the last decades the number of births in women with 35 or more years of age has increased approximately 35-50%. OBJECTIVE: To establish the neonatal morbidity associated with advanced maternal age, compared with mothers in the optimal reproductive stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective case-control survey. In 1999 we revised 210 records from neonates and mothers with 35 or more years of age (cases) and 210 records of neonates and mothers with age between 18 and 34 years (controls). The variability significance was established with t-student, X2 and risk with the probabilistic risk ratio. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the socioeconomic and educational level. Advanced maternal age predisposed 2.43 times indication for cesarean section, increased the risk for gestational diabetes (11.35), toxemia (4.11) and in its severe form (2 times). Miscarriage menace (5.65 times). Lower birth weight (p < 0.007) and wet lung syndrome were more frequent in the advanced age group (p < 0.02). Risk for hypoglycemia was 1.62. There was also an increase in the risk for Trisomy 21 (p < 0.05) with an OR of 4 in cases. Genetic service evaluated 35 patients in the maternal advanced age group with an OR of 35. CONCLUSIONS: Advance maternal age increases maternal morbidity and the risk for preterm delivery, low birth weight, asymptomatic hypoglycemia, wet lung syndrome and risk for chromosomopathies.

Cost-effectiveness of synchronous vs. asynchronous telepsychiatry in prison inmates with depression / Costo-efectividad de telepsiquiatría sincrónica frente a asincrónica para personas con depresión privadas de la libertad

Abstract Introduction: Telepsychiatry is defined as the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in providing remote psychiatric services. Telepsychiatry is applied using two types of communication: synchronous (real time) and asynchronous (store and forward). Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness of a synchronous and an asynchronous telepsychiatric model in prison inmate patients with symptoms of depression. Methods: A cost-effectiveness study was performed on a population consisting of 157 patients from the Establecimiento Penitenciario y Carcelario de Mediana Seguridad de Manizales, Colombia. The sample was determined by applying Zung self-administered surveys for depression (1965) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the latter being the tool used for the comparison. Results: Initial Hamilton score, arrival time, duration of system downtime, and clinical effectiveness variables had normal distributions (p >0.05). There were significant differences (p < 0.001) between care costs for the different models, showing that the mean cost of the asynchronous model is less than synchronous model, and making the asynchronous model more cost-effective. Conclusions: The asynchronous model is the most cost-effective model of telepsychiatry care for patients with depression admitted to a detention centre, according to the results of clinical effectiveness, cost measurement, and patient satisfaction.

Resumen Introducción: La telepsiquiatría se define como la utilización de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en la prestación de servicios de psiquiatría a distancia. La aplicación de la telepsiquiatría está dada por dos tipos diferentes de comunicación: sincrónico (tiempo real) y asincrónico (tiempo diferido). Objetivo: Determinar la costo-efectividad de un modelo de telepsiquiatría sincrónico frente a otro asincrónico en pacientes con síntomas de depresión internados en un centro de privación de libertad. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de costo-efectividad. Constituyeron la población 157 pacientes del Establecimiento Penitenciario y Carcelario de Mediana Seguridad de Manizales, Colombia. La muestra se determinó con la encuesta auto aplicable Zung para la depresión (1965) y la escala de valoración de Hamilton para la evaluación de la depresión (Hamilton depression rating scale [HDRS]), instrumento con que se realizó la comparación. Resultados: Las variables Hamilton inicial, tiempo de llegada, duración de caídas del sistema y efectividad clínica presentaron distribución normal con p > 0,05; entre los diferentes modelos hubo diferencias significativas (p < 0,001) en los costos de atención, y se evidenció que, en promedio, el costo del modelo asincrónico es menor que el del sincrónico; en promedio, la modalidad asincrónica es más costo-efectiva. Conclusiones: El modelo de atención más costo-efectivo en telepsiquiatría para pacientes con trastorno depresivo internados en un centro de privación de libertad es el asincrónico según los resultados de efectividad clínica, medición de costos y satisfacción del paciente.

Identification and biochemical characterization of Leishmania strains isolated in Peru, Mexico, and Spain.

Eight Leishmania promastigotes were isolated from different geographical areas: three (LP1, LP2, and LP3) from the provincial department La Libertad and the fourth (LP4) from the department of Cajamarca (northern Peru); another three (LM1, LM2, and LM3) in the province of Campeche (Mexico); and the last (LS1) from a clinical case of a dog in Madrid (Spain). The isolates were characterized by carbohydrate cell-surface residues using agglutinations with four purified lectins, by isoenzyme analysis using different isoenzymes, by analysis of kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphism using four different restriction endonucleases and by the final metabolite patterns after in vitro culture. These isolates were compared with four reference strains and typified as: Leishmania (Leishmania) donovani, two strains of L. (L.) infantum, and one species of L. (Viania) peruviana. According to our results and the statistical study, the Peruvian isolates represent three different strains: one would be L. (V.) peruviana, another the strain isolated in Cajamarca (LP4) and the third would include the three strains from the department of La Libertad (LP1, LP2, and LP3), these latter three isolates being phylogenetically closer to the reference strain L. (L.) donovani. Meanwhile, the three isolates from Mexico form a group with close phylogenetic relationships to each other. The isolate from Spain belongs to the species L. (L.) infantum. Thus, a close correlation was drawn between the identity of each strain and its geographical origin.

Licuefacción caaalítica directa de carbones. efecto de la temperatura / Direct catlytic liquefaction of coals. effect of the temperatree / Liquefaçã catalíítica directa de carvão. efeito da temperatura

Un carbón bituminoso alto volátil del departamento de Cundinamarca (Colombia), se licuó en presencia de un catalizador polimetálico en un reactor discontinuo de 500 mL a 370, 410 y 450 °C, en atmósfera de hidrógeno, usando tetralina como solvente dador de hidrógeno y tiempo de residencia de 1 h. El uso del catalizador incrementó la conversión del carbón y el rendimiento hacia la fracción de aceites a medida que aumentó la temperatura. El máximo rendimiento a aceites obtenido fue del 67% a 450 °C.

A high volatile bituminous coal from the Department of Cundinamarca (Colombia), was liquefied in the presence of a polymetallic catalyst in a 500 mL batch reactor at 370, 410 and 450 °C under hydrogen atmosphere, using tetralin as hydrogen donor solvent and residence time of 1 h. When the catalyst was used and the temperature increased, the coal conversion and the oil yield increased too. The maximum oil yield obtained was 67% at 450 °C.

Um carvão betuminoso alto volátil do Departamento de Cundinamarca foi liquefeito na presença de um catalisador polimetálico num reactor de 500 mL a 370,410 e 450 °C em atmosfera de hidrogênio, usando tetralina como doador de hidrogênio do solvente e tempo de residencia de 1 h. O uso do catalisador aumentou a conversão do carvão e rendimento de óleo com o aumento da temperatura. O rendimento máximo de óleo obtido foi de 67% a 450 °C.

Activities of Pt(II) and Ru(III) triazole-pyrimidine complexes against Trypanosoma cruzi and T. brucei brucei.

We studied the biological activity of three newly synthesized metal complexes of triazole-pyrimidine derivatives that were previously observed to inhibit in vitro growth of epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi and procyclic forms of Trypanosoma brucei brucei. We analyzed the possible inhibitory effect of these compounds on the synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein, ultrastructure and excretion of metabolites by these parasites. RNA synthesis was inhibited by all three complexes assayed. These complexes also led to anomalies of the main organelles (e.g. nucleus, kinetoplast and mitochondria). In addition, these complexes may be capable of altering the excretion of metabolites by the parasites.

Evaluación del ffecto de la impregnación de plaino sobre las características ssuperficiales y estructurales de una zeolita y / Evauation of thee platinum impregnaion effect on the surface and sstructure features of a zeolite y / Avaliação do efeito da impregnação da platina sore as características superficiiais e estruturais de uma zeolita y

El presente artículo muestra la evaluación de los cambios texturales, superficiales y estructurales en una zeolita Y empleada en la síntesis de sólidos a base de platino soportado. Las características estructurales se analizaron mediante difracción de rayos X (DRX), y las propiedades texturales y morfológicas mediante fisiadsorción de nitrógeno a 77K y microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). Adicionalmente, se determinó la dimensión fractal y la distribución de potenciales de adsorción para todos los sólidos. Los resultados muestran que el proceso de síntesis induce la formación de microporosidad en los sólidos, conservando la estructura de la zeolita y sin ocasionar alteraciones topográficas o energéticas importantes sobre la superficie del soporte.

The present paper shows the evaluation of texture, surface and structure changes on a zeolite Y employed in the synthesis of solids based on supported platinum. The structure features were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) whereas the texture and morphologic properties were studied from nitrogen adsorption isotherms (77K) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, fractal dimension and adsorption potential distribution were determinedall solids. The results show that the synthesis process induces the microporosity formation, maintaining the zeolite structure and without important topographic or energetic alterations on the surface.

O presente artigo mostra a avaliação das mudanças texturais, superficiais e estruturais em uma zeolita Y empregada na síntese de sólidos na base de platina suportada. As características estruturais foram analisadas mediante difração de raios X (DRX) e as propriedades texturais e morfológicas mediante fisiadsorção de nitrogênio a 77K e microscopia eletrônico de varredura (SEM). Adicionalmente se determinou a dimensão fractal e a distribuição dos potenciais de adsorção para todos os sólidos. Os resultados mostram que o processo da síntese induz a formação da microporosidade, conservando a estrutura da zeolita sem causar alterações topográficas ou energéticas importantes sobre a superfície de suporte.