Headache at the Chronic Stage of Ischemic Stroke.

BACKGROUND: Headache in ischemic stroke survivors after the acute stage is incompletely described. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to prospectively describe the characteristics of headache and the predictors of headache at the chronic stage after ischemic stroke. METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational cohort study including 102 acute ischemic stroke patients admitted to a Stroke Unit. Patients were interviewed at the acute and the chronic stage (12 months after stroke). Characteristics of those headaches were collected using a previously validated headache questionnaire enabling headache classification following the International Headache Society criteria. Pre-stroke headache history was registered using the same instrument. RESULTS: Forty-five patients out of 89 with completed follow-up (51%) reported headache at the chronic stage. In most of the patients, headache was sporadic, mild, pressure-like, with a duration of minutes to hours, with characteristics of tension-type headache in 51% (n = 23/45). Headache was a reactivation of pre-stroke headache in 33% (n = 15/45), different from pre-stroke headache in 44% (n = 20/45), and of new-onset in 22% (n = 10/45). Only 1 patient had a new-onset headache at the acute stage that persisted with the same characteristics at the chronic stage. Pre-stroke headache (OR = 5.3; 95% CI [2.01-13.98] P = .001) and female sex (OR = 3.5; 95% CI [1.3-9.4] P = .013) predicted headache at the chronic stage after stroke, controlling for age, severity, and location of stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Headache in ischemic stroke survivors at the chronic stage is more frequent in women and in patients with pre-stroke headache. It is most frequently a headache with different characteristics of the pre-stroke headache and only rarely a new-onset headache starting at the acute stage and persisting at the chronic stage.

Frequency of epileptic seizures in patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy after ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND: Decompressive surgery has proven to be lifesaving in patients with a malignant anterior circulation ischemic stroke. Recently, some studies have shown a high frequency of epileptic seizures in patients undergoing this procedure. However, the quantification of this risk and its associated factors have not been extensively investigated. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of epileptic seizures and epilepsy in patients with an anterior circulation ischemic stroke admitted to our Stroke Unit from January 2006 to March 2019 that have been submitted to craniectomy and to study their associated demographic, clinical, imagiological and neurophysiological features. METHODS: Retrospective observational study of 56 consecutive patients with an anterior circulation ischemic stroke that have undergone craniectomy. The frequency of seizures was both clinically and neurophysiologically assessed after reviewing clinical records, discharge or death reports and all EEGs performed during the hospital admission. Bivariate analysis was used to compare patients with and without seizures. RESULTS: Sixteen patients (28,6%) had epileptic seizures. Bivariate analysis showed an association between the occurrence of unprovoked seizures and the median ASPECTS from the first CT performed. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the frequency of epileptic seizures after a malignant stroke submitted to craniectomy was high, albeit lower than that reported in previous studies. The size of infarction at hospital admission appears to be a risk factor for the occurrence of epilepsy in this group of patients.

Congenital Absence of the Internal Carotid Artery With Intercavernous Anastomosis.

Absence of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is a rare congenital anomaly. Six pathways of alternative collateral circulation have been described. We present a case depicting absence of the left ICA and a Lie type D pattern of collateral circulation, with an intercavernous branch from the right cavernous ICA passing along the floor of the sella to the contralateral side, supplying the left middle cerebral artery. Association with cerebral aneurysms has been found, as seen in this case. Recognition of this vascular anatomic variant is important to understand thromboembolic disease in these patients and the increased risks of surgery, such as transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. Also, it highlights the importance of imaging these patients to detect and monitor associated cerebral aneurysms.