Coronavirus: occurrence, surveillance, and persistence in wastewater.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak reported in China in December 2019 has spread throughout the world. The WHO declared it as a pandemic in March 2020. The pandemic severely affected public health and the global economy. Many studies conducted on the coronavirus have helped us to elucidate its pathogenicity and pathophysiology. However, it is important to study the behavior of the pathogen in the environment to develop effective control measures. While studying the persistence and transmission of viruses in drinking water and wastewater systems, a low concentration of coronavirus and its nucleic acids have been detected in municipal wastewaters. This could be due to their high susceptibilities to degradation in aqueous environments. Epidemiological study on coronaviruses in wastewater will serve two purposes, i.e., in early detection of outbreak and in identifying asymptomatic carriers. In such cases, the epidemiological study will help in early detection of the presence of the virus in the community. Secondly, it will help in knowing if there are asymptomatic carriers, as such people do not show any signs of symptoms but shed the viruses in feces. The present review focuses on the epidemiological surveillance of wastewater for coronaviruses, as in recent years these are increasingly causing global pandemics. In this review we have discussed, the four pertinent areas of coronavirus study: (1) occurrence of coronavirus in wastewater, (2) wastewater based epidemiological surveillance of coronaviruses, (3) epidemiological surveillance tools used for detection of coronaviruses in sewage, and (4) persistence and sustainability of coronaviruses in wastewater.

The effect of yoga on insomnia and quality of life among nursing professionals during COVID-19: A pre-post-test interventional study.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has taken a toll on the well-being and quality of life (QoL) of healthcare professionals, especially nurses. Insomnia, a common consequence of the pandemic, adds to the physical and mental strain on healthcare workers. Aim: This study aimed to assess the impact of workplace yoga intervention on insomnia severity and QoL among female nursing and healthcare professionals during the pandemic. Methods: A pre-post-interventional study was conducted among 173 nursing professionals working in a hospital setting. Baseline assessments collected age, body mass index (BMI), insomnia severity using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and QoL using the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF). A 6-week workplace yoga intervention was conducted by trained professionals, followed by posttest assessments. Results: Among 173 participants, 57 had insomnia. Participants without significant insomnia had higher QoL scores (P < 0.001). Following the yoga intervention, both subthreshold and moderate clinical insomnia groups experienced reduced insomnia severity (P < 0.001). Quality-of-life scores in the physical, psychological, and environmental domains improved significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Workplace yoga intervention appears to be a promising approach to alleviate insomnia and enhance QoL among female nursing and healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Implementing tailored workplace yoga programs can play a crucial role in promoting the well-being and resilience of healthcare workers, contributing to a positive work environment and improved patient care outcomes.

Diabetic self care practices in rural Mysuru, Southern Karnataka, India - A need for Diabetes Self Management Educational (DSME) program.

CONTEXT: Diabetes and its complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Self care has emerged as a crucial element in the management of diabetes and a key factor associated with the quality of diabetic care. AIMS: The purpose of the study was to assess the self care activities of patients with Type II diabetes mellitus in a rural area of Mysuru district. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A community based cross sectional descriptive study was carried out among 400 diabetic patients in rural Mysore. METHODS AND MATERIAL: Self care Activities (Diet, exercise, self blood glucose monitoring, medication, foot care, smoking) were assessed using a pre designed and tested questionnaire. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Relevant descriptive analysis like percentages is carried out using SPSS version 22.0. RESULTS: Most of the diabetic patients had good compliance for medication (92.5%), followed by 72% for diabetic diet. Only 27.75% of the diabetic patients participated in walking, 24.25% practised foot care, blood glucose monitoring by 24.75% and only 25.5% of them were current smokers. CONCLUSIONS: The rural diabetic patients are more adherent and compliant to medication and diabetic diet and less compliant to physical activity, foot care and self glucose monitoring.

Metabolic syndrome among diabetics and pre-diabetics of Jenu Kuruba tribe in Mysore district (JKDHS-2)--An evidence of metabolic abnormalities leading to increase in CVD's among Jenu Kuruba tribal population.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of clinical and metabolic abnormalities. In diabetics, other components of metabolic syndrome are an added risk factor for cardiovascular disease and all these cause mortality. Epidemiological transition is happening all over the world and tribes are not spared either. Identifying the extent of metabolic syndrome and its components in diabetics is vital for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and other morbidities. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among diabetics and pre-diabetics of Jenu Kuruba tribe and compare the mean values of various components of metabolic syndrome among diabetics and pre-diabetics. METHODS: A community based cross sectional study was carried out among 7500 Jenu Kuruba tribal population in two phases. In phase I, total of 7500 subjects were screened for diabetes and hypertension and in phase II, a total of 249 diabetics and 310 pre-diabetics were identified and evaluated for metabolic syndrome. RESULTS: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was estimated using NCEP ATP-III criteria. Metabolic syndrome was found in 84 (33.7%) of diabetics and 113 (36.4%) of pre-diabetic study subjects. Metabolic syndrome was highest in the 41-50 year age group. Lipid parameters such as total cholesterol, triglycerides and VLDL were significantly higher and HDL levels were significantly lower among subjects with metabolic syndrome as compared to subjects without metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: One third of diabetics and pre-diabetics had definable metabolic syndrome. Dyslipidemia is a significant component of metabolic syndrome. Epidemiological transitions are happening among Jenu Kuruba tribes and non-communicable diseases are on the raise among them.