RESUMO
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are a barrier for tumor immunity and a target for immunotherapy. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we found that CD4+ T cells infiltrating primary and metastatic colorectal cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer are highly enriched for two subsets of comparable size and suppressor function comprising forkhead box protein P3+ Treg and eomesodermin homolog (EOMES)+ type 1 regulatory T (Tr1)-like cells also expressing granzyme K and chitinase-3-like protein 2. EOMES+ Tr1-like cells, but not Treg cells, were clonally related to effector T cells and were clonally expanded in primary and metastatic tumors, which is consistent with their proliferation and differentiation in situ. Using chitinase-3-like protein 2 as a subset signature, we found that the EOMES+ Tr1-like subset correlates with disease progression but is also associated with response to programmed cell death protein 1-targeted immunotherapy. Collectively, these findings highlight the heterogeneity of Treg cells that accumulate in primary tumors and metastases and identify a new prospective target for cancer immunotherapy.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/imunologia , Hematopoiese Clonal/imunologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/imunologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/secundário , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/terapia , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Diferenciação Celular/imunologia , Proliferação de Células/genética , Quimioterapia Adjuvante/métodos , Quitinases/metabolismo , Colectomia , Colo/patologia , Colo/cirurgia , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/terapia , Conjuntos de Dados como Assunto , Progressão da Doença , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/imunologia , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/metabolismo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/imunologia , Granzimas/metabolismo , Humanos , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/farmacologia , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/uso terapêutico , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cultura Primária de Células , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inibidores , RNA-Seq , Análise de Célula Única , Proteínas com Domínio T/metabolismo , Linfócitos T Reguladores/metabolismoRESUMO
Confined cell migration hampers genome integrity and activates the ATR and ATM mechano-transduction pathways. We investigated whether the mechanical stress generated by metastatic interstitial migration contributes to the enhanced chromosomal instability observed in metastatic tumor cells. We employed live cell imaging, micro-fluidic approaches, and scRNA-seq to follow the fate of tumor cells experiencing confined migration. We found that, despite functional ATR, ATM, and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) pathways, tumor cells dividing across constriction frequently exhibited altered spindle pole organization, chromosome mis-segregations, micronuclei formation, chromosome fragility, high gene copy number variation, and transcriptional de-regulation and up-regulation of c-MYC oncogenic transcriptional signature via c-MYC locus amplifications. In vivo tumor settings showed that malignant cells populating metastatic foci or infiltrating the interstitial stroma gave rise to cells expressing high levels of c-MYC. Altogether, our data suggest that mechanical stress during metastatic migration contributes to override the checkpoint controls and boosts genotoxic and oncogenic events. Our findings may explain why cancer aneuploidy often does not correlate with mutations in SAC genes and why c-MYC amplification is strongly linked to metastatic tumors.
Assuntos
Movimento Celular , Amplificação de Genes , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc , Estresse Mecânico , Humanos , Movimento Celular/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/genética , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Camundongos , Mitose/genética , Instabilidade Cromossômica , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/patologia , Neoplasias/metabolismoRESUMO
Cancer is characterized by pervasive epigenetic alterations with enhancer dysfunction orchestrating the aberrant cancer transcriptional programs and transcriptional dependencies. Here, we epigenetically characterize human colorectal cancer (CRC) using de novo chromatin state discovery on a library of different patient-derived organoids. By exploring this resource, we unveil a tumor-specific deregulated enhancerome that is cancer cell-intrinsic and independent of interpatient heterogeneity. We show that the transcriptional coactivators YAP/TAZ act as key regulators of the conserved CRC gained enhancers. The same YAP/TAZ-bound enhancers display active chromatin profiles across diverse human tumors, highlighting a pan-cancer epigenetic rewiring which at single-cell level distinguishes malignant from normal cell populations. YAP/TAZ inhibition in established tumor organoids causes extensive cell death unveiling their essential role in tumor maintenance. This work indicates a common layer of YAP/TAZ-fueled enhancer reprogramming that is key for the cancer cell state and can be exploited for the development of improved therapeutic avenues.