Batch anaerobic co-digestion of waste activated sludge and microalgae (Chlorella sorokiniana) at mesophilic temperature.

The microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana are used as co-substrate for waste activated sludge (WAS) anaerobic digestion. The specific objective of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of improving methane production from anaerobic digestion of WAS in co-digestion with this microalga, based on an optimized mixture percentage. Thus, the anaerobic co-digestion of both substrates aims to overcome the drawbacks of the anaerobic digestion of single WAS, simultaneously improving its management. Different co-digestion mixtures (0% WAS-100% microalgae; 25% WAS-75% microalgae; 50% WAS-50% microalgae; 75% WAS-25% microalgae; 100% WAS-0% microalgae) were studied. The highest methane yield (442 mL CH4/g VS) was obtained for the mixture with 75% WAS and 25% microalgae. This value was 22% and 39% higher than that obtained in the anaerobic digestion of the sole substrates WAS and microalgae, respectively, as well as 16% and 25% higher than those obtained for the co-digestion mixtures with 25% WAS and 75% microalgae and 50% WAS and 50% microalgae, respectively. The kinetic constant of the process increased 42%, 42% and 12%, respectively, for the mixtures with 25%, 50% and 75% of WAS compared to the substrate without WAS. Anaerobic digestion of WAS, together with C. sorokiniana, has been clearly improved by ensuring its viability, suitability and efficiency.

Screening of biomethane production potential from dominant microalgae.

The use of microalgae for biomethane production has been considerably increasing during the recent years. In this study, four dominant species belonging to the genera Scenedesmus, Chlorella, Dunaliella and Nostoc were selected. The influence of different genera with several morphological, structural and physicochemical characteristics on methane production was assessed in biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests. The ultimate methane yield values were 332 ± 24, 211 ± 2, 63 ± 17 and 28 ± 10 mL CH4/g VSadded for Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorella sorokiniana, Dunaliella salina and Nostoc sp., respectively. The highest methane production was achieved by microalga species that had no complex cell wall or wall basically composed by proteins and simple sugars such as in S. obliquus, whereas lower methane yields were found for D. salina and Nostoc sp., due to the salinity effects and cell wall composition in terms of complex polysaccharide and glycolipid layers, respectively. Kinetic constant values obtained in the BMP tests ranged between 1.00 ± 0.08 and 0.097 ± 0.005 days(-1) for D. salina and S. obliquus, respectively.

Development of a reverse genetic system for infectious salmon anemia virus: rescue of recombinant fluorescent virus by using salmon internal transcribed spacer region 1 as a novel promoter.

Infectious salmon anemia (ISA) is a serious disease of marine-farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) caused by ISA virus (ISAV), belonging to the genus Isavirus, family Orthomyxoviridae. There is an urgent need to understand the virulence factors and pathogenic mechanisms of ISAV and to develop new vaccine approaches. Using a recombinant molecular biology approach, we report the development of a plasmid-based reverse genetic system for ISAV, which includes the use of a novel fish promoter, the Atlantic salmon internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS-1). Salmon cells cotransfected with pSS-URG-based vectors expressing the eight viral RNA segments and four cytomegalovirus (CMV)-based vectors that express the four proteins of the ISAV ribonucleoprotein complex allowed the generation of infectious recombinant ISAV (rISAV). We generated three recombinant viruses, wild-type rISAV(901_09) and rISAVr(S6-NotI-HPR) containing a NotI restriction site and rISAV(S6/EGFP-HPR) harboring the open reading frame of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), both within the highly polymorphic region (HPR) of segment 6. All rescued viruses showed replication activity and cytopathic effect in Atlantic salmon kidney-infected cells. The fluorescent recombinant viruses also showed a characteristic cytopathic effect in salmon cells, and the viruses replicated to a titer of 6.5105 PFU/ml,similar to that of the wild-type virus. This novel reverse genetics system offers a powerful tool to study the molecular biology of ISAV and to develop a new generation of ISAV vaccines to prevent and mitigate ISAV infection, which has had a profound effect on the salmon industry.

Organizational identification and burnout syndrome in healthcare workers: The mediating effect of organizational justice.

BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers typically perform their work under adverse conditions, increasing their susceptibility to developing burnout syndrome (BO). The paucity of research on the relationship between organizational identification (OI) and perceptions of organizational justice has created the need to address this topic more deeply. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the relationship between OI and BO, identifying whether perceptions of organizational justice act as mediating variables. METHODS: In total, 402 healthcare workers (physicians, professionals, and nursing assistants) completed Colquitt's (2001) Organizational Justice Scale, Mael and Ashforth's (1992) Organizational Identification Scale, and Maslach's (1986) Burnout Inventory. Two competing structural equation models were evaluated. RESULTS: Our partial mediation model showed that the direct relationship between OI and BO was not significant (ß= -0.16; p = 0.07). Therefore, a total mediation model was selected, showing that the indirect effects of OI on BO through perceptions of distributive justice (ß= -0.16; p = 0.00) and interpersonal justice (ß= -0.11; p = 0.02) were significant. CONCLUSION: Adjusting the processes of health institutions considering a vision of organizational justice and increasing the worker's sense of belonging to his or her organization and his or her work team would, in turn, result in a lower probability of experiencing burnout syndrome.

Primer fabrication using polymerase mediated oligonucleotide synthesis.

BACKGROUND: Custom solid phase oligonucleotide synthesis is an important foundation supporting nearly every aspect of current genomics. In spite of the demand for oligonucleotide primers, their synthesis remains relatively expensive, time consuming and in many circumstances a wasteful process. In this methodology, described as polymerase mediated oligonucleotide synthesis (PMOS), a DNA polymerase is used to increase the hybridization affinity of one oligonucleotide by using another as a template for DNA synthesis. This self-assembly process provides an opportunity to instantly generate a very large number of useful gene-specific primers from a small library of simple precursors. PMOS can be used to generate primers directly in the end-users laboratory within the context of any DNA polymerase chemistry such as in PCR or sequencing reactions RESULTS: To demonstrate the utility of PMOS, a universal 768-member oligonucleotide library (UniSeq) was designed, fabricated and its performance optimized and evaluated in a range of PCR and DNA sequencing reactions. This methodology used to derive specific 11-mers, performed well in each of these activities and produced the desired amplification or sequencing analysis with results comparable to primers made by time consuming and expensive custom synthesis. CONCLUSION: On the basis of these experiments, we believe this novel system would be broadly applicable and could in many circumstances replace the need for conventional oligonucleotide synthesis.

Social support, burnout syndrome and occupational exhaustion among Mexican traffic police agents.

The consequences of work-related stress on health are worrisome, and by the same token, so is Burnout Syndrome. However, it has been shown that social support can prevent, reduce or even combat individuals' responses to stress. A descriptive, transverse study was carried out with the objective of determining the prevalence of both Burnout Syndrome and receiving social support for traffic police in Mexico. 875 traffic police participated in the study, men and women alike, from all work shifts, day and night. Three questionnaires were administered: one to record sociodemographic and professional data, as well as the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the modified Diaz Veiga Social Resources Inventory. Our data analysis obtained frequencies and percentages and also identified associations between the study's variables. The prevalence of Burnout Syndrome was found to be 54.9% among the study's participants. The social support networks designated as "low or poor" were shown to be associated with Burnout Syndrome, with p values less than .05, an odds ratio (OR) greater than 1 and a confidence interval that did not include the number one. In spite of the strong network of social support reported by participants, it seems that those social effects were not strong enough to combat Burnout Syndrome, and some resolution strategy ought to be implemented at the individual, group and organizational levels.

Antibody-Based Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies Against HIV.

BACKGROUND: Over the years, numerous studies have been carried out demonstrating the role of antibodies in HIV control leading to the development of antibody-based therapeutic and prophylactic strategies. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to provide updated information on the role of antibodies in the prevention and control of HIV infection and the strategies against HIV that have been designed based on this information. RESULTS: Passive transfer of anti-HIV antibodies in animal models has proven the efficacy of certain antibodies in the prevention and treatment of infection. The capacity of antibodies to control the virus was first attributed to their neutralizing capacity. However, we now know that there are other Fc-mediated antibody activities associated with virus protection. When it comes to better understanding protection against HIV, we ought to pay particular attention to mucosal immune responses. The evidence accumulated so far indicates that an effective vaccine against HIV should generate both mucosal IgAs and systemic IgGs. Due to the problematic induction of protective anti-HIV antibodies, several groups have developed alternative approaches based on antibody delivery via gene therapy vectors. Experiments in animal models with these vectors have shown impressive protection levels and this strategy is now being clinically trialed. CONCLUSION: Taking into account all the information included in this review, it seems evident that anti-HIV-1 antibodies play an important role in virus control and prevention. This review aims to give an overview of the strategies used and the advances in antibody-based preventive and therapeutic strategies against HIV-1.

Percepción social del agotamiento emocional en profesionales de enfermería: experiencias con el paciente y la organización / Social perception of emotional exhausti on in nurses: experiences with the patient an d the organization

Objetivo: comprender las percepciones de los profesionales de enfermería sobre el agotamiento emocional y sus consecuencias sobre el trabajador, el paciente y la organización. Método: a partir de un diseño cualitativo se realizó un estudio en la ciudad de Medellín, en el año 2019, por medio de entrevistas en profundidad, a profesionales en enfermería, en quienes se indago sobre las fuentes y consecuencias del agotamiento emocional, hasta alcanzar la saturación teórica. El estudio se abordó con una perspectiva y un análisis fenomenológico. Resultados: durante las entrevistas emergieron siete temas como generadores de agotamiento emocional; quehacer propio de la enfermería, exceso de labores administrativas, conflicto familia-trabajo, relacionamiento, falta de control sobre el trabajo, sobrecarga de trabajo y los desenlaces negativos observados en los pacientes. Como consecuencias del agotamiento emocional se identifican las fallas sobre la seguridad del paciente, insatisfacción laboral y baja productividad. Conclusión: el agotamiento emocional es una experiencia compleja, nuestros resultados señalan algunas áreas potenciales para su intervención en los profesionales de la enfermería, tales como la comunicación con los pacientes y familias, el aumento del control sobre el trabajo y las expectativas realistas en la atención en salud. El trabajo de tipo administrativo y la participación en instancias de decisión dentro de las instituciones de salud, deberán realizarse con base en la evaluación de la pertinencia y de carga laboral de cada profesional de enfermería(AU)

Objective: to understand the perceptions nurses have regarding emotional exhaustion and its consequences on the worker, the patient and the organization. Method: In 2019, we conducted a qualitative study in Medellin (Colombia), through in-depth interviews with nursing professionals, in whom the sources and consequences of emotional exhaustion were explored until reaching theoretical saturation. The study was approached using a phenomenological perspective and analysis.Results: during the interviews, seven themes emerged as generators of emotional exhaustion: nursing work, excessive administrative tasks, family-work conflict, relationship, lack of control over work, work overload and negative outcomes observed in patients. Consequences of emotional exhaustion included patient safety errors, job dissatisfaction and low productivity. Conclusion: emotional exhaustion is a complex experience. Our results indicate some potential areas for intervention in nurses, including communication with patients and families, greater job control and realistic expectations regarding health care outcomes. Administrative tasks and participation in decision-making groups within health institutions must be conducted out based on an evaluation of the relevance and workload of each nursing professional(AU)

A comprehensive approach to environmental and human factors into product/service design and development. A review from an ergoecological perspective.

This article presents the results of a documentary-exploratory review of design methods and concepts associated with human and environmental factors, based on a qualitative-quantitative analysis of coincidences with the fundamentals of ergoecology and in line with sustainable dynamics, with a view to putting the principles of ergoecology into practice in product/service design and development. 61.6% of 696 documents found represent work on conceptual developments, while the remaining 38.4% refer to design methods. Searches were refined using Nvivo-10 software, and 101 documents were obtained about theoretical aspects while 17 focused on the application of methods, and these formed the analysis universe. The results show how little concern there is for working comprehensively on human and environmental aspects, and a trend toward segmentation of human and environmental aspects in the field of product/service design and development can be seen, at both concept and application/methodology levels. It was concluded from the above that comprehensive, simultaneous work is needed on human and environmental aspects, clarity and conceptual unity, in order to achieve sustainability in practical matters and ensure that ergoecology-compatible design methods are applied.

Estrés laboral: una perspectiva desde la justicia e injusticia organizacional / Occupational stress: a perspective from organizational justice and injustice

OBJETIVO: analizar narrativamente la evidencia científica sobre el estrés laboral desde una perspectiva de justicia organizacional. MÉTODOS: revisión narrativa de la literatura científica en Pubmed, Ebsco, Lilacs, Scopus y Web of Science de artículos observacionales que evaluaran el papel de la justicia organizacional y la presencia de estrés laboral. RESULTADOS: existe evidencia que apoya las hipótesis de que la justicia organizacional puede actuar como un estresor directo o indirecto entre la relación de otros factores y la presencia de estrés laboral. CONCLUSIÓN: existe evidencia tanto objetiva como subjetiva de la relación entre estrés laboral y justicia organizacional. La búsqueda de la justicia organizacional es un aspecto que debe encabezar la agenda de las estrategias para mejorar el bienestar de los trabajadores. Esta construcción debe realizarse ajustando cada uno de los procedimientos organizacionales.

OBJECTIVE: Narratively analyze the scientific evidence on work stress from an organizational justice perspective. METHODS: narrative review of the scientific literature in Pubmed, Ebsco, Lilacs, Scopus and Web of Science of observational articles that evaluated the role of organizational justice and the presence of work stress. RESULTS: there is evidence that supports the hypothesis that organizational justice can act as a direct or indirect stressor between the relationship of other factors and the presence of work stress. CONCLUSION: there is both objective and subjective evidence of the relationship between work stress and organizational justicethe search for organizational justice is an aspect that should head the agenda of strategies to improve the wellbeing of workers. This construction must be done by adjusting each of the organizational procedures.

Síndrome de Burnout y justicia organizacional en profesionales de enfermería de hospitales de tercer nivel en la ciudad de Medellín / Burnout Syndrome and organizational justice in hospital nursing professionals third level in the city of Medellín

OBJETIVO: analizar la relación entre la percepción de justicia organizacional y el síndrome de Burnout en profesionales de enfermería de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Material y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal, con 53 enfermeras de tres instituciones privadas de salud de la ciudad de Medellín, en el que se midieron variables demográficas, laborales, presencia del síndrome de Burnout y percepción de justicia organizacional. RESULTADOS: La mayoría de los profesionales son de sexo femenino, con un promedio de edad de 34,26 ± 7,6 años. La prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout es de 67,9%. La dimensión de justicia organizacional más alta fue la interaccional y la más baja la procedimental. Se observó correlación significativa entre el agotamiento emocional, el logro personal y las dimensiones de justicia. No se observó correlación significativa entre la despersonalización y la justicia organizacional. CONCLUSIÓN: Más del 67% de los profesionales de enfermería presentan niveles moderados/altos de Burnout. La presencia de Burnout se correlaciono con la percepción de justicia organizacional

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the relationship between the perception of organizational justice and the Burnout syndrome in nursing professionals from the city of Medellín, Colombia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out, with 53 nurses from three private health institutions in the city of Medellin, in which demographic, labor variables, presence of Burnout syndrome and perception of organizational justice were measured. RESULTS: Most of the professionals are female, with an average age of 34,26 ± 7,6 years. The prevalence of Burnout syndrome is 67,9%. The highest organizational justice dimension was interactional and the lowest was procedural. A significant correlation was observed between emotional exhaustion, personal achievement, and dimensions of justice. No significant correlation was observed between depersonalization and organizational justice. CONCLUSION: More than 67% of nursing professionals have moderate / high levels of Burnout. The presence of Burnout was correlated with the perception of organizational justice

Expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in irreversible acute pulpitis.

The main goal of this study was to evaluate tissue levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in human pulpal samples collected from teeth with a clinical diagnosis of acute irreversible pulpitis, normal pulps, and teeth with induced pulpal inflammation. All the pulp tissue was mechanically separated, collagenase digested to release individual cells, and labeled with FITC detection of an anti-CGRP polyclonal antibody. Detection of CGRP was possible in these cells due to a binding of the antibody to CGRP that was itself bound to its cell surface receptor. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that the labeled pulp cells were located in a region of low size and complexity according to their forward (FSC) and side scatter (SSC) properties. Significant statistical differences were found between the percentages of CGRP expression in healthy pulps and pulps with induced inflammation and between healthy pulps and pulps with acute irreversible pulpitis. No significant statistical differences were found between pulps with induced inflammation and pulps with acute irreversible pulpitis. These findings support the hypothesis that the CGRP system is active in human pulpal inflammation and may modulate the inflammatory response.

Síndrome de burnout y justicia organizacional: una revisión sistemática / Burnout syndrome and organizational justice: a systematic review

Se tuvo como objetivo analizar sistemáticamente las publicaciones que abordan la relación entre la justicia organizacional y el síndrome de burnout en diferentes poblaciones laborales. La aproximación se efectuó a partir de una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica en Scopus, Pubmed, Cochrane; Science Direct y Lilacs de artículos observacionales que evaluaran la relación entre el constructo de justicia organizacional y la presencia de síndrome de burnout. Resultados: se incluyeron 21 artículos en la síntesis cualitativa que analizaban la relación directa entre la justicia organizacional y el síndrome de burnout. Con excepción de uno, todos los artículos analizados reportan una correlación negativa entre la percepción de justicia organizacional y la presencia del síndrome de burnout. Igualmente, se observó que todas las dimensiones de justicia se correlacionaron negativamente tanto con el síndrome visto en forma global o sus dimensiones, solamente el logro personal y el compromiso con el trabajo se relacionaron positivamente con la percepción de justicia. Conclusión: dada la consistente correlación negativa encontrada en los estudios analizados, es necesario dar más relevancia al papel de la justicia organizacional en la aparición o presencia del síndrome, igualmente este aspecto debe ser tenido en cuenta en la formulación de estrategias de intervención(AU)

Objective: To systematically analyse the literature addressing the relationship between organizational justice and burnout syndrome in different working populations. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature contained in Scopus, Pubmed, Cochrane; Science Direct and LILACS of observational studies evaluating the relationship between the organizational justice construct and the presence of burnout syndrome. Results: Twenty-one articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. All but one of the included articles reported a negative correlation between the perception of organizational justice and the presence of burnout syndrome. Likewise, all dimensions of justice were negatively correlated with burnout, both globally as well as with each of its dimensions. Only personal achievement and commitment to work were positively associated with the perception of justice. Conclusion: Given the consistent negative correlation found in the studies analyzed, it is necessary to give more importance to the role of organizational justice in the emergence or presence of the syndrome; this aspect should also be considered when formulating intervention strategies(AU)

Assessing psychological violence and harassment at work: reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Inventory of Violence and Psychological Harassment (IVAPT) comparing NAQ-R and LIPT.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Inventory of Violence and Psychological Harassment (IVAPT) (Pando, 2006), a 22-item measure of psychological harassment at work and presence and intensity of psychological violence widely used in Latin American countries. METHODS: The IVAPT was translated into Japanese, and the translation was amended through a small pretest and a back-translation and finalized. A total of 1,810 out of 4,072 civil servants completed a questionnaire including the IVAPT. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha of the scale was 0.97 for psychological violence and 0.94 for psychological harassment at work. An exploratory factor analysis showed that the first factor explained 64.5% of the total variance. Data did not well fit to previously reported one- or three-factor structures. Psychological violence and harassment at work were more frequent among older respondents. Intensity of psychological violence was well concordant with other scales of workplace bullying, i.e., Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terrorization (LIPT) and Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R), and psychological harassment at work was well concordant with the NAQ-R. CONCLUSIONS: The Japanese version of the IVAPT showed high internal consistency reliability. While the first factor explained a large proportion of the variance, the IVAPT seems to have a unique factor structure in the Japanese sample. Concurrent validity of the IVAPT was supported by the comparison with the other scales.

[Psychosocial Factors and Burnout Syndrome Found in Workers in the Dough Processing Industry, Tepic, Mexico]. / Factores psicosociales y síndrome de burnout en trabajadores de la industria de la transformación de la masa, Tepic, México.

INTRODUCTION: The workers in the dough processing industry are a population exposed to psychosocial risk factors due to the conditions in the workplace; therefore, they are likely to suffer from one of the consequences of chronic stress to which a worker is exposed daily: burnout syndrome. OBJETIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between psychosocial factors and the burnout syndrome in workers in the dough processing industry in the city of Tepic, Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in five companies from the dough processing industry. The total population consisted of 122 workers who were administered the scale of Psychosocial Factors Identification of the Mexican Social Security Institute and the Maslach Burnout Inventory scale, in order to gather information. RESULTS: The presence of adverse psychosocial factors was reported in 18.3%, and 79.8% with the syndrome. There were several variables that behaved as risk factors, specifically, the system of working with the emotional exhaustion.

Fiabilidad y validez factorial del instrumento para medir calidad de vida en el trabajo "CVT-Gohisalo" (versión breve) / Reliability and the Factorial Validity of the Instrument for Measuring Quality of Work Life "CVT-GOHISALO" (brief)

Resumen Objetivo: Validar el cuestionario CVT-Gohisalo versión breve para su uso en trabajadores ecuatorianos. Diseño: Análisis factorial exploratorio del cuestionario CVT-Gohisalo con una población de trabajadores ecuatorianos. Métodos: La población se constituyó con 400 sujetos que laboran en diversos frentes laborales de la economía formal en Ecuador. El análisis estadístico se basó en la determinación del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, porcentaje de varianza explicado y los valores Eigen de cada ítem de la escala. Resultados: El coeficiente α de Cronbach del cuestionario en general fue de 0,911, de manera individual la mayoría de los 7 factores del cuestionario obtuvieron valores satisfactorios; los que presentaron alfa de Cronbach por debajo de 0,7 fueron: integración al puesto de trabajo, que califica como adecuada con déficits (α = 0,6), e igualmente seguridad en el trabajo, cuya calificación se dio como inadecuada (α = 0,5). Conclusiones: Es posible utilizar la versión breve del Cuestionario CVT-Gohisalo con fines de investigación y de evaluación en las empresas en Ecuador.

Abstract Objective: To validate the questionnaire CVT-GOHISALO - short version for use in Ecuadorian workers. Design: Exploratory factor analysis of the questionnaire CVT-GOHISALO with a population of Ecuadorian workers. Methods: The population was composed of 400 subjects who work in various labor shifts in the formal economy in Ecuador. The statistical analysis was based on the determination of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, proportion of variance explained and eigen values of each item of the scale. Results: The Cronbach's α coefficient of the questionnaire in general was of 0.911. Individually, most of the 7 factors of the questionnaire obtained satisfactory values; the ones that present a Cronbach's alpha coefficient below 0.7 were, "Integration to the job", which qualifies as appropriate with deficits (α =0.6) and "Job reliability", which qualifies as inadequate (α =0.5). Conclusions: It is possible to use the questionnaire CVT-GOHISALO - short version for the purposes of research and evaluation in firms in Ecuador.

Psychosocial triggers or facilitators and burnout syndrome in workers of grocery stores in Guadalajara, Mexico / Desencadenantes o facilitadores psicosociales y síndrome de burnout en trabajadores de tiendas de abarrotes en Guadalajara, México

Abstract Objective: To analyze the relationship among the triggers and facilitators variables of the influential psychosocial type with Burnout Syndrome in grocery store workers, in Guadalajara, Mexico. Material and methods: The study was cross-sectional and applied to 321 people working in grocery stores located in the municipality of Guadalajara, Jalisco. A sociodemographic and labor data questionnaire was applied for the evaluation of psychosocial variables and the Maslach Burnout Inventory scale (MBI-HSS) for the presence of Burnout Syndrome. Both descriptive and inferential analysis were included. Under informed consent the respondents accepted their participation voluntarily. Results: 64.2% of the population presented Burnout Syndrome. Emotional exhaustion was the most affected (59.9%). Several triggers and / or facilitators were associated with more than one burned dimension, specifically with the Emotional exhaustion dimension. Conclusions: Grocery stores are usually a family business. The people who work in them, depend on them to survive. They are a source of employment, tranquility and protection. Thus, working safely affirms a better life quality and customer service.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre las variables desencadenantes y facilitadores del tipo psicosocial influyente con el síndrome de Burnout en los trabajadores de las tiendas de abarrotes en Guadalajara, México. Material y métodos: El estudio fue transversal y aplicado a 321 personas que trabajaban en supermercados ubicados en el municipio de Guadalajara, Jalisco. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y de datos laborales para la evaluación de variables psicosociales y la escala de inventario de Maslach Burnout (MBI-HSS) para la presencia de síndrome de Burnout. Se incluyeron análisis tanto descriptivos como inferenciales. Bajo consentimiento informado los encuestados aceptaron su participación voluntariamente. Resultados: 64,2% de la población presentó síndrome de Burnout. El agotamiento emocional fue el más afectado (59,9%). Varios disparadores y/o facilitadores se asociaron con más de una dimensión quemada, específicamente con la dimensión de agotamiento emocional. Conclusión: Las tiendas de abarrotes suelen ser una empresa familiar. Las personas que trabajan en ellas dependen de ellos para sobrevivir. Son una fuente de empleo, tranquilidad y protección. Por lo tanto, trabajar con seguridad afirma una mejor calidad de vida y servicio al cliente.

Psychometric properties of the Satisfaction with Life Scale, in workers of the manufacturing industry / Propiedades psicométricas de la escala de satisfacción con la vida, en trabajadores de la industria manufacturera

Resumen El presente estudio reporta las propiedades psicométricas y el factor de estructura de la Escala de satisfacción con la vida (SWLS) en una muestra de trabajadores de la industria manufacturera en Jalisco, México (N = 774). La SWLS es una medida diseñada con el fin de evaluar la satisfacción de vida subjetiva. La muestra fue proporcional de 32 industrias participantes de los tres parques. Resultados del análisis factorial demostraron que la escala se comporta como una estructura unifactorial, lo que explica una varianza total del 66%, con elevados pesos factoriales para cada elemento (entre 0,74 y 0,86). La consistencia interna de la SWLS (a = 0,82) resultó ser alta en relación con los cinco ítems de la escala. El análisis factorial muestra que la SWLS tenía validez concurrente adecuada.

Abstract This study reports the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Satisfaction Scale with Life (SWLS) in a sample of workers in the manufacturing industry in Jalisco, Mexico (N = 774). The scale (SWLS) is a measure designed to assess subjective life satisfaction. The sample was proportional 32 industries participating of the three industrial parks. Results of factor analysis showed that the scale behaves as a factor structure, explaining total variance of 66%, with high factor loadings for each element (between 0.74 and 0.86). The internal consistency of the SWLS (a = 0.82) was high in relation to the five items of the scale. Factorial analysis showed that SWLS had adequate concurrent validity.

Confiabilidad y validación de la escala Maslach Burnout Inventory (Hss) en trabajadores del occidente de México / Reliability and validation of the scale Maslach Burnout Inventory (Hss) in workers in western México

Resumen Objetivo: validar el Maslach Burnout Inventory (instrumento mayormente empleado para evaluar el síndrome) en 1958 trabajadores de diferentes actividades económicas, cualificados y no cualificados, del occidente de México. Material y métodos: la estructura factorial de la guía se evaluó mediante un análisis factorial con el método de componentes principales, rotación varimax y determinación del valor alfa de Cronbach, así como identificación del valor Eigen para cada ítem y el porcentaje de varianza explicado. Resultados: se obtuvieron alfas de Cronbach de .658 para toda la escala y un 41.6% de varianza explicada, mientras que por dimensiones, para Agotamiento Emocional el alfa fue de .835, en Despersonalización de .407 y en Falta de Realización de .733. Conclusiones: se asume que la escala se encuentra en el rango de aceptable para su utilización, tomando con precaución los valores que se obtuvieron para la subescala de despersonalización.

Abstract Objective: validate the Maslach Burnout Inventory (scale mostly used to assess syndrome) in 1958 workers skilled and unskilled of different activities in Western Mexico. Material and methods: the factorial structure of the guide was evaluated by a factor analysis with principal components method, varimax rotation, determination of Cronbach's alpha and identification of eigenvalue for each item and thepercentageof varianceexplained. Results: Cronbach's alphas of .658 for the entire scale and 41.6% of explained variance were obtained, while on dimensions, for emotional exhaustion alpha value was of 0.835, in depersonalization alpha value was of .407 and .733 in lack of fulfillment. Conclusions: it is assumed that the scale is in the range acceptable for use, taking with caution the values obtained for the depersonalization subscale.

Análisis factorial exploratorio del 'Cuestionario de factores psicosociales en el trabajo' en Perú / Exploratory and factorial analysis of the 'Questionnaire of psychosocial factors at work' in Peru

Introducción: La evaluación de los factores psicosociales negativos o factores de riesgo psicosocial es un proceso extenso, pero en la mayoría de los métodos se recurre a la aplicación de un instrumento o escala, de las que existe una gran diversidad; sin embargo, pocas están diseñadas y validadas para su aplicación en Latinoamérica. Objetivo, Validar un instrumento evaluación de factores psicosociales para su aplicación en trabajadores en Perú. Diseño, Análisis factorial exploratorio del Cuestionario de Factores Psicosociales en el Trabajo con una población de trabajadores peruanos, Participantes, Trabajadores de Lima, Arequipa y Trujillo. Métodos, La población se constituyó con 542 sujetos que laboran en la construcción, industria textil, servicios de educación, de salud, minería, pesca y agroindustria, entre otros, El análisis estadístico se basó en la determinación del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, porcentaje de varianza explicado y los valores eigen de cada ítem de la escala, Principales medidas de resultados, Validación del instrumento, Resultados, El coeficiente α de Cronbach del cuestionario en general fue de 0,9, lo que indica una fiabilidad excelente y por encima de los resultados de otras escalas similares, De manera individual la mayoría de los 7 lacto res del cuestionario obtuvieron valores satisfactorios; los que presentaron alía de Cronbach por debajo de 0,7 fueron 'Carga de trabajo' α = ,5, que calilicaría como 'Inadecuada' y 'Contenido y características de la tarea' con α = ,6, calilicando como 'Adecuada pero con déficits'. Conclusiones, Es posible utilizar el 'Cuestionario de Factores Psicosociales en el Trabajo' con fines de investigación y de evaluación en las empresas en Perú.

lntroduction. The evaluation of negative psychosocial factors or psychosocial risk factors is a lengthy process, but the majority of methods rely on the use of an instrument or scale, of which we lind a wide diversity. However, few have been designed and validated to be applied in Latin America. Objective, To validate an instrument of evaluation of psychosocial factors for its application in workers in Peru. Desiqn, Exploratory factorial analysis of the Questionnaire of Psychosocial Factors at Work with a population of Peruvian workers. Participants. Lima, Arequipa and Trujillo workers. The population consisted in 542 subjects working in construction, textile industry, education services, health, mining, fisheries and agro-industry among others. The statistical analysis was based on the determination of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, percentage of variance explained and the eigenvalues of each item of the scale. Results, The Cronbach α coefficient of the questionnaire in general was 0.9, indicating excellent reliability, being aboye the results of other similar scales. Individually most of the 7 factors of the questionnaire obtained satisfactory values. Those that presented Cronbach's alpha below 0.7 were 'Workload' α = .5, that would qualily as 'Inadequate' and 'Content and characteristics of the task' with α = .6, qualilying as 'Adequate but with deficits'. Conclusions, It is possible to use the 'Questionnaire of Psychosocial Factors at Work' lor the purposes of research and evaluation in companies in Peru.