Depression Is a Major Determinant of Functional Capacity in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Argentinean patients and its association with sociodemographic and clinical factors. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of consecutive adults with RA. Sociodemographic data, comorbidities, RA disease activity, and current treatment were assessed. The following instruments were used to evaluate quality of life (EQ-5D-3 L [EURO Quality 5-dimension 3 lines], QOL-RA [Quality of Life-Rheumatoid Arthritis]), functional capacity (HAQ-A [Health Assessment Questionnaire-Argentinean version]), and depression (PHQ-9 [Patient Health Questionnaire 9]; scores 5-9: mild, 10-14: moderate, 15-19: moderate-severe, and ≥20: severe depression, a cutoff value ≥10 is diagnostic of major depression). RESULTS: Two hundred fifty-eight patients were included, with a median disease duration of 9 years (interquartile range, 3.6-16.7 years). The m PHQ-9 score was 6 (interquartile range, 2-12.3 years). The prevalence of major depression was 33.8%. The frequency of mild, moderate, moderate/severe, and severe depression was 66 (25.6%), 42 (16.3%), 27 (10.5%), and 18 (7%), respectively. Patients with major depression had worse functional capacity (HAQ-A: mean ± SD, 1.6 ± 0.8 vs. 0.7 ± 0.7; p < 0.0001), poorer quality of life (QOL-RA: mean ± SD, 5.4 ± 1.8 vs. 7.3 ± 1.6; p < 0.0001), greater pain (visual analog scale: mean ± SD, 56.2 ± 27.5 mm vs. 33.4 ± 25.7 mm; p < 0.0001), higher disease activity (Disease Activity Score in 28 joints: mean ± SD, 4.3 ± 1.4 vs. 3.3 ± 1.3; p < 0.0001), higher frequency of comorbidities (67% vs. 33%; p = 0.017), and lower frequency of physical activity (22% vs. 35%; p = 0.032). In the multivariate analysis, patients with moderate and severe depression had worse functional capacity (odds ratio, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-4.3; p < 0.0001) and quality of life (odds ratio, 0.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.5-0.8; p < 0.0001), independently of disease activity. CONCLUSIONS: A third of RA patients in this Argentinean cohort had major depression. In those patients, depression was associated with worst functional capacity and quality of life.

Crystal structure at 100†K of bis-[1,2-bis-(di-phenyl-phosphan-yl)ethane]-nickel(II) bis-(tri-fluoro-methane-sulfonate): a possible negative thermal expansion mol-ecular material.

In the title salt, [Ni(C26H24P2)2](CF3SO3)2 or [Ni(dppe)2]2+·(OTf-)2 [dppe = 1,2-bis-(di-phenyl-phosphan-yl)ethane and OTf- = tri-fluoro-methane-sulfonate], the Ni atom (site symmetry ) has a square-planar geometry with the bidentate ligands chelating the metal. As a result of the steric hindrance of the phenyl rings, the counter-ions are blocked from the metal coordination sphere. The dynamic disorder of the anion existing at 296 K is reduced at 100 K and based on these two temperatures, negative thermal expansion behaviour is observed.

Autoensamblaje de un cuadrado supramolecular a partir del complejo [Ni(dppe)(TOF)2] con 4,4'-bipiridina / Self-assembly of a supramolecular square between [Ni(dppe)(TOF)2] and 4,4'-bipyridine / Automontagem de um quadrado supra-molecular a partir do complexo [Ni(dppe)(TOF)2] com 4,4'-bipiridina

El interés principal de esta investigación, es contribuir al desarrollo y comprensión de la química supramolecular y de las arquitecturas moleculares, construidas mediante el autoensamblaje de entidades complementarias. Por lo cual se realizó, la síntesis y caracterización (UV, FT-IR, Raman, análisis elemental, RMN ¹H, 31P, 19F, COSY ¹H-¹H) de un cuadrado supramolecular de níquel (II) [7]. Este proceso se realizó, a partir de la síntesis del complejo inicial: [Ni(dppe)Cl2] [3], el cual fue sintetizado entre el cloruro de níquel [1] y difenilfosfino etano (dppe) [2]. Luego se realizó la síntesis del complejo de interés: [Ni(dppe)(TOF)2 ] [5], entre el complejo [3] y el trifluorometanosulfonato de plata (Ag-TOF) [4]. Finalmente el proceso de autoensamblaje se realizó entre el complejo [5] y el ligando orgánico 4,4'-bipiridina [6], los cuales actúan como vértice y arista respectivamente, en la estructura del cuadrado. De acuerdo a los diferentes análisis realizados, se encontró que el autoensamblaje generó una única especie supramolecular, siendo la especie cuadrada, la estructura termodinámica más probable.

The main interest of this research is to contribute to the development and understanding of supramolecular chemistry and molecular architectures, which are constructed by the self-assembly of supramolecular entities. Therefore, the synthesis and characterization (IR, UV, ¹H NMR, 31P, 19F, ¹H-¹H COSY) of a nickel (II) supramolecular square [7] was performed through the synthesis between nickel chloride [1]and diphenylphosphinoethane (dppe) [2] to form the precursor complex [Ni(dppe)Cl2] [3]. This was followed by the synthesis of the complex of interest, [Ni(dppe)(TOF)2] [5], using the precursor and silver trifluoromethanesulfonate (Ag-TOF). Finally, the self-assembly was performed between the complex [1,2-bis (diphenylphosphinoethane) bistriflatonickel(II)] [Ni(dppe)(OSO2CF3)2] [5] and the organic ligand 4,4'-bipyridine [6], which act as vertex and edge, respectively. According to various analyses, it was found that the self-assembly generated only one supramolecular species; a square is the most probable thermodynamic structure.

O interesse principal de esta investigação foi contribuir ao desenvolvimento e entendimento da química supra-molecular e as arquiteturas moleculares, construídas mediante a automontagem de entidades complementarias. Assim, se realizou, a sínteses e caracterização (UV, FT-IR, Raman, análises elementar, RMN ¹H, 31P, 19F, COSY ¹H-¹H) de um quadrado supra-molecular de níquel (II) [7]. Este processo se realizou, a partir da sínteses do complexo inicial: [Ni(dppe)Cl2] [3], o cual foi sintetizado entre o cloreto de níquel [1] e difenilfosfino etano (dppe) [2]. De seguida, foi realizada a sínteses do complexo de interesse: [Ni(dppe)(TOF)2] [5], entre o complexo [3]e o trifluorometanosulfonato de prata (Ag-TOF) [4]. Finalmente, o processo de automontagem, foi realizado entre o complexo [5] e o ligando orgânico 4,4'-bipiridina [6], os quais atuam como vértice y arista na estrutura do quadrado, respectivamente. De acordo aos diferentes análises realizados, se encontrou que a automontagem originou uma única espécie supra-molecular, sendo a espécie quadrada, a estrutura termodinâmica mais provável.