Telemedicine for Contraceptive Counseling During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Referral Patterns and Attendance at Follow-Up Visits.

Objective: To describe referral patterns and attendance at follow-up visits for patients who received contraceptive counseling via telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study Design: This is a prospective study of patients seen remotely during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City. We tracked referral rates, referral reasons, in-person visit show rates, and additional visits. We also administered a patient survey at 6 months. Using Stata SE 16, we conducted a multivariable modified Poisson regression with robust error variances to examine the predictors of attending an in-person visit within 30 days. Results: We included 169 patients who had visits between April 1 and June 30, 2020. Of these, 109 (64.5%) were referred for in-person visits, and 83 (76.1%) of those referred attended within 30 days. The most common reasons for referral were long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) removal and insertion. The relative risk (RR) of attending a visit within 30 days of referral was 24% higher for those referred for LARC removal compared with those referred for other reasons (RR 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-1.69), and it was 29% lower for those aged 18-25 compared with those in the reference age (26-35) group (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.51-0.98). At 6 months, 69.4% of patients were still using the method they decided on at the telemedicine visit, and 44.4% would choose telemedicine for their next contraception visit. Conclusions: Approximately one third of patients seeking contraceptive counseling via telemedicine did not seek additional in-person visits over a 6-month period. Among the patients referred for in-person visits, referral reason and patient age may impact attendance rates.

A data extraction algorithm for assessment of contraceptive counseling and provision.

BACKGROUND: Contraception counseling and provision is an essential preventative service. Real-time assessment of these services is critical for quality improvement and comparative study. Direct observation is not feasible on a large scale, so indirect measures (such as chart review) have been determined to be acceptable tools for this assessment. Computer-aided chart review has significant benefits over manual chart review as far as greater efficiency and ease of repeated measurements. The wide use of electronic medical records provides an opportunity to create a data extraction algorithm for computer-aided chart review that is sharable among institutions. We provide a useful schema for others who use electronic medical record systems and are interested in real-time assessment of contraception counseling and provision for the purposes of baseline assessment of services and quality improvement. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to create a comprehensive and accurate data extraction algorithm that is useful in the assessment of contraception counseling and provision rates in the outpatient setting. STUDY DESIGN: We included all visits between August 2015 and May 2016 at 8 outpatient clinics that are affiliated with a large, urban academic medical center in which nonpregnant women who were 14-45 years old were seen by a nurse practitioner, physician's assistant, or physician. Contraception-related prescriptions, International Classification of Diseases codes, current procedural terminology codes, and search-term capture were extracted with the use of structured query language from electronic medical record data that were stored in a relational database. The algorithm's hierarchy was designed to query prescription data first, followed by International Classification of Diseases and current procedural terminology codes, and finally search-term capture. Visits were censored when the first positive evidence of contraceptive service was obtained. Search terms were selected based on group discussion of investigators and providers. This algorithm was then compared with manual chart review and refined 3 times until high sensitivity and specificity, when compared with manual chart review, were achieved. RESULTS: There were 22,134 visits of reproductive-aged women who our inclusion criteria. Electronic medical record evidence of contraception counseling or provision was found in 56.9% of these visits. Of these, 21.3% were captured by prescriptions; 8.9% were captured by International Classification of Diseases codes, and 69.7% were captured by search-term capture with the use of our algorithm. Among visits with evidence of contraception counseling without provision, 15.7% were captured by diagnosis codes and 84.3% were captured by search-term capture. When compared with manual chart review, sensitivity and specificity improved from 0.79 and 0.85 to 0.99 and 0.98, respectively, over the 3 rounds of testing and revision. CONCLUSION: Data extraction algorithms can be used effectively for computer-aided chart review of contraception counseling and provision measures, but testing and refinement are extremely important. Search-term capture from unstructured data is a critical component of a comprehensive algorithm, especially for the capture of instances of contraception counseling without provision. The algorithm that we developed here could be used by others with an electronic medical record system who are interested in real-time assessment, quality improvement, and comparative study of the delivery of contraceptive services. The ease of execution of this algorithm also allows for its repeated use for ongoing assessments over time.

Ease of removal of malpositioned intrauterine devices: A retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare removal timing, techniques, and success of malpositioned intrauterine device (IUDs) to nonmalpositioned IUDs. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective cohort study of IUD users with ultrasound performed between July 2014 and July 2017 within one medical system. We used Fisher exact and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests to compare clinical characteristics and IUD removal details between patients with malpositioned and nonmalpositioned IUDs. RESULTS: Of 1759 ultrasounds reporting the presence of an IUD, 436 described IUD malposition. Of these, 150 described the IUD as embedded and 16 as partially perforated. IUDs were more likely to be removed and removed sooner for patients with malpositioned compared with nonmalpositioned IUDs (281/436 vs 545/1323, p < 0.001 and median 17 days vs 236 days from the index ultrasound, p < 0.001). Most IUDs, malpositioned and nonmalpositioned, were removed on the first attempt (82%, 85%), by a generalist obstetrician and gynecologist (75%, 70%), using a ring forceps (73%, 65%). Most embedded and partially perforated IUDs were removed (68%, 69%), using a ring forceps (59%, 67%), on the first attempt (84%, 91%). CONCLUSIONS: Malpositioned IUDs were more likely to be removed and removed sooner than nonmalpositioned IUDs. Most IUDs, even IUDs labeled as partially perforated or embedded, were removed by a generalist obstetrician and gynecologist, using ring forceps, on first attempt. IMPLICATIONS: Ultrasound findings of IUD malposition are not associated with difficult IUD removal.

Attitudes and experiences with termination of pregnancy among Irish obstetrics & gynaecology trainees in the context of recent legal change: A survey study.

OBJECTIVE: This study examines Irish obstetrics and gynaecology trainees' experiences with and opinions of termination of pregnancy (ToP) after legal change. STUDY DESIGN: We invited obstetrics & gynaecology non-consultant hospital doctors (NCHDs) to participate in a web-based survey through a professional e-mail listserv. We conducted descriptive statistical analyses of responses using Stata SE Version 16. RESULTS: A total of 102/202 (50.5%) trainees responded to the survey. Of these, 61.8% believed that ToP should be allowed on request up to 12 weeks and in limited circumstances thereafter (in line with current law), and 19.6% believe ToP should be allowed on request even after 12 weeks. Knowledge about the abortion law was high (70.6% achieved a perfect knowledge score). Since the new law came into effect, 61.8% of trainees reported participation in abortion care, though only 25.5% had performed surgical procedures. More than 75% of respondents would like to receive more training in all clinical skills related to ToP. In the future, 67.6% of respondents would be willing to provide TOP in all circumstances allowed by law. CONCLUSION: Irish obstetrics & gynaecology NCHDs are generally supportive of the legislation. Few trainees have performed surgical abortions, and most would like to receive additional clinical training related to ToP.

Telemedicine for contraceptive counseling: Patient experiences during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City.

OBJECTIVE: During theCOVID-19 pandemic, many clinicians increased provision of telemedicine services. This study describes patient experiences with telemedicine for contraceptive counseling during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City. STUDY DESIGN: This is a mixed-methods study which includes a web-based or phone survey and in-depth phone interviews with patients who had telemedicine visits for contraception. RESULTS: A total of 169 patients had eligible telemedicine visits between April 1 and June 30, 2020. Of these, 86 (51%) responded to the survey, and 23 (14%) participated in the interviews. We found that 86% of survey respondents were very satisfied with the telemedicine visit, and 63% said it completely met their needs. A majority (73%) strongly agreed that these visits should be maintained after the COVID-19 pandemic, and half (51%) would be very likely to choose them over in-person visits. In-depth interviews highlighted the convenience of telemedicine, especially for those with work or parenting responsibilities. Although some patients had in-person visits after telehealth, many appreciated the counseling they received remotely, and found the subsequent in-person visits more efficient. Patients identified visits that do not require physical exams as ideal visits for telehealth, and some hoped that all or most of their future visits would be telehealth visits. Many patients (43%) expressed a preference for phone over video visits. CONCLUSIONS: Patients reported an overall positive experience with telemedicine visits for contraceptive counseling during the COVID-19 pandemic. They appreciated the convenience of telemedicine visits and valued the virtual counseling experience. IMPLICATIONS: Health care providers who initiated or expanded telemedicine services for contraceptive counseling during the COVID-19 pandemic should consider continuing to offer them after the pandemic. At the policy level, these findings favor expanding access to telemedicine and providing reimbursement for virtual visits, including telephone visits.