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Lung ultrasound (LUS) achieved an intriguing role in the management of pulmonary involvement in patients affected by connective tissues diseases (CTDs). Few studies have been performed to support its usefulness in the evaluation of the presence and the severity of interstitial lung disease (ILD), relating it to the information obtained with chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). These results open up new fields of research in order to demonstrate the utility of LUS as screening tool to evaluate ILD in CTD. The aim of this review is to provide the "state of the art" of the role of LUS in the management of ILD associated with CTD.
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Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Reumáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/etiologia , Doenças Reumáticas/complicaçõesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Nowadays, rheumatologists face challenges in finding an effective method to classify and treat patients with undifferentiated arthritis (UA). There is a need for new tools that could ensure accurate characterization of inflammatory processes in these patients. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate if a characterization of UA patients using ultrasound (US) may help to fulfill the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) rheumatoid arthritis (RA) classification criteria in a real-life cohort. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 2 rheumatology care clinics. Patients not fulfilling the 2010 ACR/EULAR RA criteria were included. On the examination day, all patients underwent a physical examination, radiography, and US. The 7-joint US score was adopted to scan all patients. The US was performed according to EULAR criteria and interpreted by Outcome Measures in Rheumatology definitions. Gray-scale and power Doppler synovitis and tenosynovitis were scored. Bone erosions were also evaluated during the US examination. RESULTS: A total of 204 patients were included. The diagnosis was modified from UA to RA in 86 patients (42.1%). Also, the final score of the 2010 ACR/EULAR RA classification criteria changed from a mean of 4.6 to 6.5 after the US examination. In addition to synovitis, a wide range of tenosynovitis and bone erosions were detected by US. Synovitis was more frequently detected in second metacarpophalangeal joint followed by second metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPj) and fifth MTPj. The tendons of the wrist and second and third fingers were the most affected. In relation to bone erosions, second metacarpophalangeal joint and fifth MTPj were the joints with more proportion of anatomical damage. CONCLUSIONS: The US demonstrated to be useful to help accurately classify as RA patients previously diagnosed with UA.
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Artrite Reumatoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Artrite Reumatoide/classificação , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tenossinovite/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Ultrasound (US) is an accessible imaging technique with a possible role to diagnose active sacroiliitis, so this technique is projected as a promising diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of SpA. We analyse the available evidence about the use of US as a diagnostic tool in sacroiliitis in patients with SpA, by a systemic review of the literature fulfilling OMERACT criteria. A systematic literature search for original articles was carried out using four databases (Medline, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science). Data from studies were included only if participants had SpA and a US examination of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) was performed. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using QUADAS-2 tool. Thirteen studies were included. All studies were observational, prospective and cross-sectional. In most articles (76.9%), the main US finding compatible with sacroiliitis evaluated was the presence of vascularisation (Doppler signals) with measurements of the resistive index (RI). The sensitivity and specificity analysis were performed in seven studies (58.8%) and were good, with a median of 90 and 89.2%, respectively. The studies showed a positive to moderate a strong correlation between the US and the gold standard but this was optimal only in four studies. In general, the agreement was good in all studies (≥ 0.80). The methods of evaluation of sacroiliitis vary between the studies included. To date, there is not enough evidence to support the use of ultrasound as a diagnostic method for sacroiliitis but it has potential to identify structural lesions at SIJ's level.
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Articulação Sacroilíaca/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação Sacroilíaca/patologia , Sacroileíte/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia Doppler/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Espondilartrite/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia Doppler/normasRESUMO
Developing the skills to adequately assess nail lesions in psoriasis is mandatory for correct interpretation of the pathological features and to provide correct management of psoriatic patients. Although clinical assessment is part of an accurate diagnosis of nail psoriasis, recent advances in the field of imaging are generating growing interest among clinicians exploring its potential role for the assessment of nail psoriasis. We would like to address the attention to ultrasound (US), which is having an impact in different clinical scenarios such as diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring of nail involvement in psoriatic disease.
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Over the years, ultrasound (US) has accumulated important evidence supporting its relevant role for the assessment of inflammatory processes of different rheumatologic diseases, as well as in the follow-up in assessing the response to different therapeutic approaches. This has been possible because of the increase in training, competency, and knowledge, as well as the rapid progress in the US technologies.Currently, some US machines can be equipped by sophisticated software modalities (i.e., 3-dimensional US, elastosonography, automated cardiovascular software, and fusion imaging) that can augment US traditional role as a safe, fast, and easy-to-perform modality and giving it new life and increased relevance in rheumatology. In this article, we evaluated the US developments, from conventional B-mode to more sophisticated technologies, and their potential clinical impact in the field of rheumatology.Three-dimensional US can improve the accuracy of the assessment of bone erosions and the quantification of power Doppler because of its multiplanar view including coronal, axial and sagital view. Elastosonography is still looking for its role in rheumatology. Preliminary works induce us to consider it as a promise tool for the assessment of tendon pathology and skin of patients with connective tissue disorders. The automated method for the measurement of carotid intima-media thickness permits a rapid and accurate assessment. The preliminary published data showed that it is reliable, and valid compared to the traditional method; they also support the future of rheumatologists as the direct operators in evaluating the cardiovascular risk in daily practice. Fusion imaging increases the diagnostic power of US, displaying simultaneously in the monitor, the US image, and the corresponding computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging image. However, there are no sufficient data supporting its application in daily rheumatologic practice.
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Doenças Reumáticas , Reumatologia , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Precisão da Medição Dimensional , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Inflamação/diagnóstico , Invenções , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Doenças Reumáticas/diagnóstico , Doenças Reumáticas/fisiopatologia , Reumatologia/métodos , Reumatologia/tendênciasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a complication in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Accurate strategies to identify its presence in early phases are essential. We conducted the study aiming to determine the validity of ultrasound (US) in detecting subclinical ILD in SSc, and to ascertain its potential in determining the disease progression. METHODS: 133 patients without respiratory symptoms and 133 healthy controls were included. Borg scale, Rodnan skin score (RSS), auscultation, chest radiographs, and respiratory function tests (RFT) were performed. A rheumatologist performed the lung US. High-resolution CT (HRCT) was also performed. The patients were followed every 12 weeks for 48 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 79 of 133 patients (59.4%) showed US signs of ILD in contrast to healthy controls (4.8%) (p = 0.0001). Anti-centromere antibodies (p = 0.005) and RSS (p = 0.004) showed an association with ILD. A positive correlation was demonstrated between the US and HRCT findings (p = 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of US in detecting ILD were 91.2% and 88.6%, respectively. In the follow-up, a total of 30 patients out of 79 (37.9%) who demonstrated US signs of ILD at baseline, showed changes in the ILD score by US. CONCLUSIONS: US showed a high prevalence of subclinical ILD in SSc patients. It proved to be a valid, reliable, and feasible tool to detect ILD in SSc and to monitor disease progression.
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Progressão da Doença , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais , Escleroderma Sistêmico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Ultrassonografia , Humanos , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/etiologia , Escleroderma Sistêmico/diagnóstico por imagem , Escleroderma Sistêmico/complicações , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Adulto , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Testes de Função RespiratóriaRESUMO
Nailfold capillaroscopy has been extensively applied in a broad spectrum of pathologic conditions, but very few data have been published in healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to describe the nailfold capillary findings on a large series of healthy subjects using the video-capillaroscopy technique. Nailfold capillaries were studied based on their morphology, dimensions and density. Then, to evaluate jointly the association between different capillary findings in groups of subjects which were homogeneous for their characteristics, cluster analysis was performed. The results (median) of capillary measurements were as follows: loop length 207µm, external diameter 39µm, internal diameter 17µm, apical diameter 17µm, and intercapillary distance 143µm. Based on the cluster analysis three major "normal" morphologic capillaroscopic patterns were depicted: 1) the "normal" pattern mainly with 2 to 5 U-shaped loops/mm and ≤2 tortuous loops/mm; 2) the "perfect normal" pattern with ≥5 U-shaped loops/mm and 3) the "unusual normal" with at least 1 meandering or bushy loop, or at least 1 microhemorrhage, or with >4 crossed loops/mm. Regarding the loop measurements, the majority of subjects had a median of 7capillaries/mm with a median length of 198µm.
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Capilares/anatomia & histologia , Angioscopia Microscópica , Unhas/irrigação sanguínea , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Análise por Conglomerados , Feminino , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Itália , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Gravação em Vídeo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To develop a preliminary power Doppler (PD) US composite score for global assessment of PsA patients. METHODS: Sixteen PsA patients receiving anti-TNF-α therapy were enrolled. All patients were involved in multiple psoriatic targets, including joints, tendon, enthesis, skin and nail. The target with the highest PD signal, one for each target area, was selected to be scanned at baseline and at follow-up visit 8 weeks after. For each target, PD was graded according to semi-quantitative scoring systems. Inter- and intra-observer reliability and feasibility was also investigated. The new PD composite score for PsA was called Five Targets PD for Psoriatic Disease (5TPD). RESULTS: Sixty targets (16 joints, 9 tendons, 11 enthesis, 16 psoriatic plaques and 8 psoriatic onychopathies) were assessed. A significant improvement of the clinical scores was found at follow-up with respect to the baseline: HAQ modified for SpA (HAQ-S) (P = 0.0001); Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (P = 0.0001) and Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (P = 0.35). The 5TPD showed a significant change between baseline and follow-up (P = 0.0001). There was no significant correlation between HAQ-S and 5TPD findings. The inter- and intra-observer κ-values varied from good to excellent at baseline and follow-up. The time spent on baseline US examinations was mean (s.d.) 10.5 (2.0) min and no more than 7 min for follow-up assessment. CONCLUSION: The present study provides a new working hypothesis that the sonographic core set may be useful to construct a PDUS composite score for the assessment of PsA. The 5TPD formula provides a feasible and reliable approach for multi-target monitoring of psoriatic disease.
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Antirreumáticos/uso terapêutico , Artrite Psoriásica/diagnóstico por imagem , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Monitorização Fisiológica/métodos , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidores , Ultrassonografia Doppler , Adalimumab , Adulto , Anticorpos Monoclonais/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Antirreumáticos/administração & dosagem , Artrite Psoriásica/tratamento farmacológico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Etanercepte , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/administração & dosagem , Imunoglobulina G/uso terapêutico , Infliximab , Infusões Intravenosas , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/administração & dosagem , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/uso terapêutico , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To observe for changes in capillary morphology and architecture by tight sequential videocapillaroscopic (VCP) assessment in patients with dermatomyositis (DM) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS: VCP examination was performed in 6 patients with DM and 9 with SSc, at baseline and after one month for three times. Four consecutive fields were examined bilaterally for any single finger (from 2nd to 5th). The best visible image per each digit was selected and images from baseline and follow-up were analysed as a sequence, to allow the same capillaries to be tracked and re-assessed. The following abnormalities were identified: homogeneous enlarged capillaries, giant capillaries, irregularly enlarged capillaries, microhaemorrhages, microaneurysms and neoangiogenesis. Capillary density was also considered. RESULTS: A significant progressive change of the following abnormalities was detected in DM patients with respect to SSc patients: microhaemorrhages (p=0.009), avascular areas (p=0.024), neoangiogenesis (p=0.001), microaneurysms (0.001), and irregular enlarged capillaries (p=0.044). No significant differences were found for homogeneous enlarged capillaries (p=0.140), giant capillaries (p=1.0) and hairpin/crossed capillaries (0.516). CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary study demonstrated a rapid change of the capillary morphology and architecture in DM with respect to SSc patients. Additional investigations involving larger series of patients may be useful to support more strongly our observations.
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Capilares/patologia , Dermatomiosite/patologia , Angioscopia Microscópica/métodos , Unhas/irrigação sanguínea , Escleroderma Sistêmico/patologia , Gravação em Vídeo , Adulto , Idoso , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Itália , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Projetos Piloto , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential role of US in the detection of ILD in a cohort of patients with RA. METHODS: Patients with diagnosis of RA were consecutively enrolled. All patients underwent pulmonary examination, laboratory data, DLCO measure, chest HRCT and radiographs, and US examination. A healthy group was included as control group. US was performed according the 14-intercostal space scanning protocol using the following semiquantitative scale [0=normal (≤5 B-lines); 1=slight (≥6 and ≤15 B-lines); 2=moderate, (≤16 and ≥30 B-lines); 3=severe (≥30 B-lines)]. RESULTS: A total of 74 RA patients and 74 healthy controls were included. Thirty of 74 patients (40.5%) showed US signs of ILD with respect to the healthy controls (3 subjects, 4.1%) (P<0.001); whereas HRCT showed ILD in 27 (36.4%) of 74 patients. Among the 30 patients that showed US findings of ILD, 17 (56.6%) were asymptomatic from respiratory view-point. The sensitivity and specificity of US were 92% and 89% respectively. A positive correlation between US and HRCT findings were found (P<0.001) whereas no correlation was found with chest radiographs and DLCO findings. Positive association between US findings and DAS28-ESR, anti-CCP and RF (P<0.01 for each respectively) was found. Feasibility, represented by the mean time spent to perform the pulmonary US assessment was 7.8minutes (±SD 1.2, range 6 to 10minutes). CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the potential of US in detect accurately ILD in patients with RA and provide a rationale to consider it as a friendly screening tool to be implemented in early phases of the disease.
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Artrite Reumatoide , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais , Humanos , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/etiologia , Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Artrite Reumatoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Ultrasound (US) is a recognized imaging modality for the assessment of gout. Recently it is being explored for its potential role in the evaluation of subjects with asymptomatic hyperuricemia (AH). Preliminary reports demonstrated the presence of monosodium urate (MSU)-crystal deposits including aggregates, double contour sign and/or tophi in both intra-articular and periarticular tissues of AH individuals. Although these results are exciting, the value and potential application of US in AH remain to be clearly delineated. In this systematic literature review, we aim to summarise the recent publications regarding the role of US in the assessment of AH. We analyzed possible application of US in the daily clinical practice and its future clinical and research potential in the evaluation of AH individuals.
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Artrite Gotosa , Gota , Hiperuricemia , Gota/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Hiperuricemia/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Ácido ÚricoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common comorbidity present in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Employment of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is very limited and lung ultrasound (LUS) can be an alternative tool for the early evaluation of ILD. OBJECTIVE: To determine the validity of LUS in the early detection of ILD in patients with SSc. METHODS: Sixty-eight patients with SSc ≥18 years without respiratory symptoms were included. A rheumatologist rated the subclinical respiratory condition, another rheumatologist blinded to the clinical assessment performed the LUS. To determine validity HRCT was performed as well. RESULTS: Prevalence of ILD in SSc patients was 41.2% in contrast to the 4.8% healthy controls (P=.0001). Variables associated with LUS and HRCT findings were anti-centromere antibodies (P=.005) and the Rodnan skin score (P=.004). A positive correlation was present between the findings of HRCT and LUS (P=.001). Sensitivity and specificity were 91.2% and 88.6% respectively. Good reliability in the LUS findings was found between observers (k=.72). CONCLUSIONS: By proving to be a valid, trustworthy and feasible alternative tool, we consider that LUS can be implemented for the early detection of ILD in SSc.
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OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the role of lung ultrasound (LUS) in the assessment of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to discuss the state of validation supporting its clinical relevance and application in daily clinical practice. METHODS: Original articles published between January 1997 and October 2017 were included. To identify all available studies, a detailed search pertaining to the topic of review was conducted according to guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A systematic search was performed in PubMed and EMBASE. The quality assessment of retrieved articles was performed according to the Oxford Center for Evidence-based Medicine. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews and the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. RESULTS: From 300 papers identified, 12 were included for the analysis. LUS passed the filter of face, content validity, and feasibility. However, there is insufficient evidence to support criterion validity, reliability, and sensitivity to change. CONCLUSION: Despite a great deal of work supporting the potential role of LUS for the assessment of ILD-SSc, much remains to be done before validating its use as an outcome measure in ILD-SSc.
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Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais , Escleroderma Sistêmico , Humanos , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/etiologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Escleroderma Sistêmico/complicações , Escleroderma Sistêmico/diagnóstico por imagem , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) has gained remarkable interest among rheumatologists because of its utility in both clinical practice and research activity. Nevertheless, there has been scarce attention on its potential in other rheumatic disorders such as vasculitis. We perform a systematic review of literature on NFC in noninfectious vasculitides, with the aim to provide an overview of the main NFC changes described, to discuss the current evidence supporting its clinical impact and applications in daily practice and to provide future research fields.
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Capilares/diagnóstico por imagem , Angioscopia Microscópica/métodos , Unhas/irrigação sanguínea , Vasculite/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Unhas/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of chondrocalcinosis (CC) was reported as variable according to the geographic populations. However, there are no data regarding its prevalence in Mexico. Thus, we decided to investigate the Mexican prevalence of CC in a cohort of patients from a tertiary health care institution. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of radiographs of knees and wrists from our institution was performed. Inclusion criteria included patients > 50 years old having radiographs of knees and wrists. Radiographic presence of CC was classified according to a dichotomous evaluation assayed by two rheumatologists experts on the area. RESULTS: A total of 3.350 radiographs from 1.602 patients were evaluated. Forty-seven patients showed calcifications in at least one knee or wrist for an overall prevalence of 3%, of which 23.4% were men and 76.6% women. The knee was more commonly affected than the wrist (85.1% and 14.9% respectively). The prevalence according to gender was 2.9% in women, whereas, it was 3.2% in men. Only two patients (4.3%) showed a contemporaneous presence of CC in both hands and both knees. At knee level, the prevalence was 2.7%, whereas at the wrist, we reported a prevalence of 4.9%. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of CC for Mexican population had not been reported so far. This a starting point to break the silence and encourage the knowledge of how this disease is associated with possible risk factors in Mexican population. Key Points â¢The prevalence of chondrocalcinosis in Mexico was 3%. â¢The prevalence of knee chondrocalcinosis increases according to the age in women's. â¢The nixtamalized meals could be a protective factor for CC in Mexican population.
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Condrocalcinose/epidemiologia , Articulação do Joelho/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação do Punho/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Condrocalcinose/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Radiografia , Centros de Atenção TerciáriaRESUMO
Nailfold videocapillaroscopy (VCP) allows non-invasive assessment of the microcirculation. Adequate training in this field is relevant for rheumatologists. There is increasing evidence of the reliability of VCP findings among different readers. Objective: To evaluate inter- and intra-reader agreement of rheumatologists to identify normal images and systemic sclerosis (SSc) patterns on VCP ("early," "active," and "late" proposed by Cutolo et al.). Thirteen rheumatologists with different experience in nailfold VCP received training to standardize reading criteria. They rated 60 VCP images from healthy and SSc patients at baseline and 4 weeks later, using an electronic platform. The reading of an expert was considered the gold standard. Data were analyzed using Cohen's kappa for concordance and Student's t test and ANOVA to compare kappa means for inter-reader, intra-reader, and inter-pattern readings. Mean inter-reader and intra-reader kappa were 0.45 and 0.49, respectively, (moderate agreement). Kappa scores were higher among experienced vs inexperienced readers (inter-reader kappa 0.58 vs 0.34, p = 0.001, intra-reader kappa 0.65 vs 0.37, p = 0.01). Agreement was substantial (kappa = 0.61) for the identification of normal vs abnormal images and higher for the identification of active (0.48, p = 0.009) and late SSc patterns (0.56, p = 0.008) than for the early SSc pattern (0.35, p = 0.003). There is moderate agreement among rheumatologists for the identification of SSc videocapillaroscopy patterns (higher among experienced rheumatologists) and substantial agreement, regardless of previous experience in VCP, in the identification of normal and abnormal images. Agreement for the identification of active and late patterns is higher than for the early pattern.
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Capilares/ultraestrutura , Angioscopia Microscópica , Microscopia de Vídeo , Unhas/irrigação sanguínea , Escleroderma Sistêmico/patologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Humanos , Microcirculação , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Reumatologistas , Escleroderma Sistêmico/diagnóstico por imagem , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a frequent manifestation of Sjögren's syndrome (SS), an autoimmune disease of salivary and lacrimal glands, and affects approximately 20% of patients. No clinical or serological features appear to be useful to predict its presence, severity or progression, and chest high-resolution computed tomography (CT) remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Semiquantitative CT (SQCT) based on visual assessment (Goh and Taouli scoring) can estimate ILD extent, although it is burdened by relevant intra- and interobserver variability. Quantitative chest CT (QCT) is a promising alternative modality to assess ILD severity. AIM: To determine whether QCT assessment can identify extensive or limited lung disease in patients with SS and ILD. METHODS: This multi-center, cross-sectional and retrospective study enrolled patients with SS and a chest CT scan. SQCT assessment was carried out in a blinded and centralized manner to calculate both Goh and Taouli scores. An operator-independent analysis of all CT scans with the open-source software platform Horos was used to evaluate the QCT indices. Patients were classified according to the extent of ILD and differences in QCT index distribution were investigated with non-parametric tests. RESULTS: From a total of 102 consecutive patients with SS, the prevalence of ILD was 35.3% (36/102). There was a statistically significant difference in QCT index distribution between the SS with ILD and SS without ILD groups (p<0.001). Moreover, SS-ILD patients with ILD >20% (by Goh score) had a QCT index statistically different from those with limited ILD extent (p<0.001). Finally, QCT indices showed a moderate-to-good correlation with the Goh and Taouli scores (from 0.44 to 0.65; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: QCT indices can identify patients with SS and ILD and discriminate those with lesser or greater lung disease.
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Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/complicações , Síndrome de Sjogren/complicações , Síndrome de Sjogren/diagnóstico , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes de Função Respiratória , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to produce a consensus-based report for capillaroscopy in rheumatology to be used in daily clinical practice. METHODS: A written Delphi questionnaire regarding capillaroscopy report was developed from a literature review and expert consensus. The Delphi questionnaire was sent to an international panel including 25 rheumatologists experts in capillaroscopy, asking them to rate their level of agreement or disagreement with each statement. The exercise consisted of three online rounds and a face-to-face (live meeting) that took place in the PANLAR 2018 congress held in Buenos Aires, Argentina. RESULTS: The participants to the first, second, third, and face-to-face round were 22, 21, 21, and 16 rheumatologists, respectively. Fifty-five items were discussed in the first round, 58 in the second, 22 in the third, and 9 in the face-to-face meeting. At the end of the exercise, 46 recommendations for the capillaroscopy report in rheumatology reached a consensus. CONCLUSION: This is the first consensus-based report in capillaroscopy. It will be useful in daily clinical practice and to address the effort of the standardization in the technique. KEY POINTS: ⢠The current lack of consensus for the capillaroscopy report makes difficult the interpretation of findings as well as follow-up of rheumatic diseases. ⢠This study produced the first international consensus for the format and content of the naifold capillaroscopy report in rheumatology. ⢠The report is an integral part of the capillaroscopy examination and its use in a homogeneous form can help in the correct interpretation of findings in daily practice.
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Angioscopia Microscópica/métodos , Unhas/irrigação sanguínea , Doenças Reumáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Reumatologia , Consenso , Humanos , Unhas/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) features of patients with antisynthetase syndrome (AS) and to investigate possible correlations with clinical and serological features of the disease. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed NVC images of 190 patients with AS [females/males 3.63, mean age 49.7 ± 12.8 yrs, median disease duration 53.7 mos (interquartile range 82), 133 anti-Jo1 and 57 non-anti-Jo1-positive patients]. For each patient, we examined number of capillaries, giant capillaries, microhemorrhages, avascular areas, ramified capillaries, and the presence of systemic sclerosis (SSc)-like pattern. Finally, we correlated NVC features with clinical and serological findings of patients with AS. Concomitantly, a historical cohort of 75 patients with antinuclear antibody-negative primary Raynaud phenomenon (RP) and longterm followup was used as a control group (female/male ratio 4.13/1, mean age 53.9 ± 17.6 yrs) for NVC measures. RESULTS: NVC abnormalities were observed in 62.1% of AS patients compared with 29.3% of primary RP group (p < 0.001). An SSc-like pattern was detected in 67 patients (35.3%) and it was associated with anti-Jo1 antibodies (p = 0.002) and also with a longer disease duration (p = 0.004). Interestingly, there was no significant correlation between the presence of SSc-like pattern and RP, and only 47% of patients with SSc-like pattern had RP. CONCLUSION: NVC abnormalities are commonly observed in AS, independently from the occurrence of RP. The presence of an SSc-like pattern could allow identification of a more defined AS subtype, and prospective studies could confirm the association with clinical and serological features of AS.
Assuntos
Angioscopia Microscópica/métodos , Miosite/diagnóstico por imagem , Miosite/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Aminoacil-tRNA Sintetases/imunologia , Anticorpos Antinucleares/sangue , Capilares/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Unhas/irrigação sanguínea , Doença de Raynaud/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença de Raynaud/imunologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Ultrasound (US) is a rapidly evolving technique that is gaining increasing success in the assessment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Recently, new research avenues have been opened, and these are focused on the potential of US for the assessment of extra musculoskeletal areas such as skin and nails. This permits work on the concept of 'holistic US assessment of PsA'. Areas covered: Here, we analyze the potential role of US in the global assessment of PsA. Additionally, we provide the current evidence supporting its application in routine clinical practice. Literature was obtained from medical databases including PubMed and Embase. Expert commentary: US can detect not only structural abnormalities but also minimal blood flow changes at the superficial soft tissue level. This makes it a great tool for the global assessment of disease activity in PsA, in which persistently active disease plays a major role in causing anatomical damage and physical functional disability.