RESUMO
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors represent an effective treatment for severe psoriasis in hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients. The literature reports mainly on short-term treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis with minimum-to-moderate activity with an acceptable safety profile. We report the first 2 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arising in HCV psoriatic patients with advanced liver disease during long-term treatment with etanercept. Our first patient, known to have had HCV infection for 41 years, developed an HCC after 21 months of therapy with etanercept (50 mg/week). The second patient, HCV+ for 20 years, was treated for 58 months with the same therapy, and despite no signs of liver function impairment was diagnosed with HCC. Both of them presented with cirrhosis, which was diagnosed 9 and 5 years earlier, respectively. It remains to be clarified whether there is any connection between psoriasis treatment with anti-TNF-α agents and the development of HCC in HCV-infected patients. Further long-term, follow-up studies and registries of HCV patients with mild/moderate activity may contribute to clarify this issue.
Assuntos
Etanercepte/efeitos adversos , Hepatite C Crônica/complicações , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Psoríase/tratamento farmacológico , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidores , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/etiologia , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psoríase/complicações , Psoríase/virologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy with 5-methyl-aminolevulinate and photodynamic therapy with trichloroacetic acid 50% are the two techniques utilized in the management of actinic keratosis. This study was planned to compare the efficacy, adverse effects, recurrence and cosmetic outcome of these option therapies in patients with multiple actinic keratosis of the scalp. METHODS: Thirteen patients with multiple actinic keratosis were treated with one of the two treatments on half of the scalp at baseline, while the other treatment was performed on the other half 15 days apart, randomly. Efficacy, adverse effects, cosmetic outcome and recurrence were recorded at follow-up visit at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: Photodynamic therapy with 5 methyl-aminolevulinate was more effective than trichloroacetic acid although less tolerated by patients as it was more painful. Early adverse effects were almost the same even if trichloroacetic acid leads also to crust formation and to a worse cosmetic outcome characterized by hypopigmentation. Recurrence was lower in the area treated with photodynamic therapy. CONCLUSION: Trichloroacetic acid 50% is less effective than photodynamic therapy with 5 methyl-aminolevulinate in the treatment of multiple actinic keratosis of the scalp although better tolerated by patients. As this technique is less painful and less expensive than photodynamic therapy, we hypothesize and suggest that more sequential treatments could lead to better results.
Assuntos
Ácido Aminolevulínico/uso terapêutico , Ceratose Actínica/tratamento farmacológico , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico , Couro Cabeludo/patologia , Ácido Tricloroacético/uso terapêutico , Administração Tópica , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ácido Aminolevulínico/administração & dosagem , Ácido Aminolevulínico/efeitos adversos , Criança , Humanos , Masculino , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/administração & dosagem , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/efeitos adversos , Ácido Tricloroacético/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Bullous dermolysis of the newborn is a dominant or recessive inherited subtype of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa characterized by the tendency to spontaneously stop blistering within the first months of life. Here we report two siblings with bullous dermolysis of the newborn who were born prematurely and have a novel recessive mutation, p.Pro2259Leu, in the triple helix domain of type VII collagen. We discuss the possible relationship between genotype and prematurity and clinical manifestations in these patients.
Assuntos
Colágeno Tipo VII/genética , Epidermólise Bolhosa Distrófica/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Epidermólise Bolhosa Distrófica/fisiopatologia , Epidermólise Bolhosa Distrófica/terapia , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Monitorização Fisiológica , Remissão Espontânea , Estudos de Amostragem , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , IrmãosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The estimated prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) among adolescents (12-17 years of age) is about 14.8%. AD compromises sleep quality and may be associated with poor scholastic performance, mood disruptions, low self-esteem, and difficulty in building social relationships. Upadacitinib was recently approved by the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of moderate-to-severe AD in patients aged ≥ 12 years who are candidates for systemic treatment. The aim of this real-world study was to determine the effectiveness in disease control and safety of upadacitinib in adolescents aged 12-17 years with moderate-to-severe AD. METHODS: This is a retrospective study in adolescents with moderate-to-severe AD treated with upadacitinib 15 mg between July 2022 and February 2024 at six Italian dermatological referral centres. The primary endpoint was to analyse the evolution of the response in terms of absolute Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) value, as well as the percentage of patients achieving 75% and 90% improvement in EASI (EASI75 and EASI90) from baseline to weeks (W) 4, 16, 24, and 52. Secondary endpoints included the assessment of treatment efficacy in terms of Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for pruritus (P-NRS) and sleep (S-NRS), Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (c-DLQI), and safety. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients [males: 18 (50%)] were evaluated. A statistically significant improvement of EASI was observed at each timepoint, as stated by a mean percentage reduction from baseline of 72.2% at W4, 82.7% at W16, of 86.4% at W24 (n = 34) and of 92.7% at W52 (n = 18) (p < 0.0001). At W4, 21/36 (58.3%) achieved EASI75 and 12/36 (33.3%) EASI90. At W16, 29/36 (80.5%) achieved EASI75 and 19/36 (52.8%) EASI90. At W24, 32/34 (94.1%) reached EASI75 and 24/34 (70.6%) EASI90. Finally, at W52 all the assessed patients (n = 18) maintained EASI75 and 14/18 (77.7%) reached EASI90. Likewise, a statistically significant reduction of c-DLQI, P-NRS and S-NRS was observed at each timepoint. CONCLUSION: Our real-world experience seems to confirm the efficacy and safety of upadacitinib for the long-term treatment of moderate-to-severe AD in adolescents.
Assuntos
Dermatite Atópica , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 3 Anéis , Humanos , Adolescente , Dermatite Atópica/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Criança , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 3 Anéis/uso terapêutico , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 3 Anéis/efeitos adversos , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 3 Anéis/administração & dosagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , ItáliaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Alopecia areata (AA) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease that affects the hair follicles of the scalp and the rest of the body causing hair loss. Due to the unpredictable course of AA and the different degrees of severity of hair loss, only a few well-designed clinical studies with a low number of patients are available. Also, there is no specific cure, but topical and systemic anti-inflammatory and immune system suppressant drugs are used for treatment. The need to create a global registry of AA, comparable and reproducible in all countries, has recently emerged. An Italian multicentric electronic registry is proposed as a model to facilitate and guide the recording of epidemiological and clinical data and to monitor the introduction of new therapies in patients with AA. METHODS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological data of patients with AA by collecting detailed information on the course of the disease, associated diseases, concomitant and previous events, and the clinical response to traditional treatments. Estimate the impact on the quality of life of patients. RESULTS: The creation of the National Register of AA has proven to be a valid tool for recording, with a standardized approach, epidemiological data, the trend of AA, response to therapies and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: AA is confirmed as a difficult hair disease to manage due to its unpredictable course and, in most cases, its chronic-relapsing course, capable of having a significant impact on the quality of life of patients.
Assuntos
Alopecia em Áreas , Sistema de Registros , Alopecia em Áreas/epidemiologia , Humanos , Itália/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Criança , Qualidade de Vida , Idoso , Pré-EscolarRESUMO
Background: Dupilumab has been shown to be a safe and effective drug for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children from 6 months to 11 years in randomized clinical trials. Aim: The aim of this real-life study was to determine the effectiveness in disease control and safety of dupilumab at W52 in moderate-to-severe AD children aged 6-11 years.Methods: All data were collected from 36 Italian dermatological or paediatric referral centres. Dupilumab was administered at label dosage with an induction dose of 300 mg on day 1 (D1), followed by 300 mg on D15 and 300 mg every 4 weeks (Q4W). Treatment effect was determined as overall disease severity, using EASI, P-NRS, S-NRS and c-DLQI at baseline, W16, W24, and W52. Ninety-six AD children diagnosed with moderate-to-severe AD and treated with dupilumab were enrolled.Results: Ninety-one (94.8%) patients completed the 52-week treatment period and were included in the study. A significant improvement in EASI score, P-NRS, S-NRS and c-DLQI was observed from baseline to weeks 16, 24 and 52.Conclusions: Our real-life data seem to confirm dupilumab effectiveness and safety in paediatric patients. Moreover, our experience highlighted that patients achieving clinical improvement at W16 preserved this condition over time.
Assuntos
Dermatite Atópica , Humanos , Criança , Dermatite Atópica/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatite Atópica/diagnóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Método Duplo-Cego , Resultado do Tratamento , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The management of paediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) is challenging, mostly relying on emollients and topical corticosteroids. Dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, has been recently approved for the treatment of children aged 6-11 years with moderate-to-severe AD not adequately controlled with topical therapies or when those therapies are not advisable. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate in real life the effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in the treatment of children aged from 6 to 11 years. METHODS: Demographic and clinical data of children aged 6-11 years, affected by moderate-to-severe AD and treated with dupilumab, were retrospectively collected from 24 dermatological and paediatric referral centres. Dupilumab was administered subcutaneously at an induction dose of 300 mg on day (D) 1, followed by 300 mg on D15 and 300 mg every 4 weeks. Disease severity was assessed at baseline and after week 2 (W2), W4 and W16 of dupilumab therapy using Eczema Area Severity Index (EASI), Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (P-NRS) and Sleep NRS (S-NRS) and Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (c-DLQI) score. RESULTS: A total of 55 AD children (24 males [43.64%], 31 females [56.36%]; mean age 9.35 ± 1.75 years) were included. A significant improvement in EASI score, P-NRS, S-NRS and c-DLQI was observed from baseline to W16 of treatment with dupilumab. In particular, at W16 the proportion of patients achieving EASI75 was 74.54%. Moreover, at the same timepoint a significant mean percentage reduction for P-NRS, S-NRS and c-DLQI was also observed (68.39%, 70.22% and 79.03%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our real-life data seem to confirm the effectiveness of dupilumab in paediatric patients on all disease aspects, including extent and severity of signs, intensity of symptoms, sleep and QoL, with a good safety profile.
Assuntos
Dermatite Atópica , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Criança , Dermatite Atópica/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatite Atópica/diagnóstico , Qualidade de Vida , Emolientes/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Injeções Subcutâneas , Resultado do Tratamento , Método Duplo-Cego , Anticorpos Monoclonais/efeitos adversos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Corticosteroides/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The lines of Blaschko are a cutaneous pattern of mosaicism present in a variety of skin disorders. Developmental abnormalities affecting other tissues derived from the embryonic ectoderm and mesoderm are sometimes associated. Here, we describe a 5-year-old boy with basaloid follicular hamartoma affecting the left side of the body in linear multiple bands, following Blaschko lines. Lesions were predominantly hypopigmented macules and streaks, but among these, we could observe brownish atrophic patches and brown papules. Furthermore, ipsilateral hemimegaloencephaly and microphthalmia were present. These findings suggest a neurocutaneous condition recently described by Happle and Tinschert. Its nosologic classification will be discussed.
Assuntos
Hamartoma/diagnóstico , Malformações do Desenvolvimento Cortical/diagnóstico , Microftalmia/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Pré-Escolar , Hamartoma/congênito , Hamartoma/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Malformações do Desenvolvimento Cortical/genética , Malformações do Desenvolvimento Cortical/patologia , Microftalmia/genética , Microftalmia/patologia , Mosaicismo , Neoplasias Cutâneas/genética , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologiaRESUMO
Elastosis perforans serpiginosa (EPS) can occur in patients with an underlying connective tissue disorder. Down syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, acrogeria, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV, Marfan syndrome, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, and scleroderma have all been associated with EPS. The clinical appearance exhibits umbilicated papules arranged in a typical serpiginous pattern, usually located around the neck. Less frequently, lesions may be seen on the face, abdomen, and extremities with a symmetrical distribution, as in our case. The clinical course may be variable with a spontaneous resolution in a few months or years, but frequently new lesions develop leading to persistence and progression of the disorder. We describe a 12-year-old girl affected by Down syndrome who presented a localized form of EPS, which involved only the extremities. Strangely, it resolved spontaneously after biopsy with no recurrence, without therapy.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Down/complicações , Dermatopatias/diagnóstico , Criança , Feminino , Hormônio do Crescimento Humano/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Hipopituitarismo/complicações , Hipopituitarismo/tratamento farmacológico , Hipotireoidismo/complicações , Hipotireoidismo/tratamento farmacológico , Joelho , Remissão Espontânea , Dermatopatias/etiologia , Dermatopatias/patologia , Tiroxina/uso terapêuticoAssuntos
Acetaminofen/efeitos adversos , Pustulose Exantematosa Aguda Generalizada/etiologia , Analgésicos não Narcóticos/efeitos adversos , Pustulose Exantematosa Aguda Generalizada/tratamento farmacológico , Ampicilina/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Pré-Escolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Emolientes/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Masculino , Sulbactam/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Colloid milium (CM) is a rare cutaneous condition characterized by translucent papules occurring on sun-exposed regions including the face, neck and dorsal aspects of the hands and back. Clinically, there are two variants of CM: an adult-onset type and a juvenile form. The juvenile form is inherited and presents before puberty. Probably this variant is because of an inherited susceptibility to ultraviolet (UV) light and can be transmitted as both autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant character. In this paper, we report an interesting case of adult CM in a transfused patient affected by beta thalassaemia major. The association of CM with beta thalassaemia, to our knowledge, has not been reported previously, in literature. Thus, this case represents the first case of CM associated with beta thalassaemia major. In our view, the lesion could be related to excess iron, similar to pseudoxanthoma elastic-like lesions, another cutaneous disorder which is present in beta thalassaemia. As our patient is a farmer and was exposed to sun during his work, UV light damage could have have a role in promoting the development of the disease. Other cases of CM associated with beta thalassaemia should be reported to confirm these hypotheses.
Assuntos
Dermatopatias Papuloescamosas/complicações , Talassemia beta/complicações , Adulto , Coloides/metabolismo , Humanos , Corpos de Inclusão/metabolismo , Corpos de Inclusão/ultraestrutura , Ferro/metabolismo , Masculino , Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Microtúbulos/ultraestrutura , Reação do Ácido Periódico de Schiff , Transtornos de Fotossensibilidade , Pele/metabolismo , Pele/ultraestrutura , Dermatopatias Papuloescamosas/etiologia , Dermatopatias Papuloescamosas/patologia , Luz Solar , Talassemia beta/metabolismo , Talassemia beta/patologiaRESUMO
Drug-induced lupus (DIL) includes a spectrum of drug-induced reactions often characterised by a clinical phenotype similar to that of idiopathic systemic lupus eruthematosus (SLE) but usually lacking major SLE complications. Different drugs may be associated with distinct clinical and serological profiles, and early recognition is crucial. Drugs traditionally associated with DIL include procainamide, hydralazine, quinidine and others, but strong associations with newer agents, such as TNF α (TNFα) inhibitors, are increasingly recognised. The pathogenic mechanisms explaining how drugs that have heterogeneous chemical structure and function lead to autoimmunity are only partially understood. However, it is likely that traditional DIL-associated agents can boost innate immune responses, particularly neutrophil responses, with neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and exposure of autoantigens. Research in the field of DIL is evolving and may provide interesting models for the study of autoimmunity.
Assuntos
Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/complicações , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/induzido quimicamente , Humanos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/patologiaAssuntos
Aminoquinolinas/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Doença de Bowen/tratamento farmacológico , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Imiquimode , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Despite not being licensed for the treatment of infantile hemangiomas (IH) in infants younger than 5 weeks or older than 5 months, propranolol is often used in these age groups to prevent or to treat potentially severe complications. The objective of the present study was to review the experience of 8 Italian pediatric and dermatologic centers regarding propranolol treatment for IH started before 5 weeks or after 5 months of age. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients followed up for IH, on propranolol treatment started before 5 weeks or after 5 months of age, and collected information on sociodemographic data, treatment indications, IH involution, IH relapse, and treatment side effects. RESULTS: A total of 343 patients were enrolled; 15 were started on propranolol before 5 weeks (group 1), 328 were started after 5 months of age (group 2). The most frequent indications were permanent aesthetical disfigurement (91.8%) and function threatening complications (42.6%). In most cases, the treatment was effective. The involution was partial in 67.7% of patients. In 11.8% of cases a relapse was observed. No relapse was observed in group 1. Treatment complications were reported in 15.8% of children, most frequently sleep disorders (6.6%), followed by irritability (5.1%) and diarrhea (2.2%). Only a case of mild constipation was observed in group 1. CONCLUSION: The safety and effectiveness profile of propranolol in infants younger than 5 weeks or older than 5 months may be acceptable. Taking in account propranolol's potential in preventing severe complications, further studies should assess the acceptability of propranolol treatment, especially in the <5-week age group .
Assuntos
Hemangioma/tratamento farmacológico , Propranolol/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Oral , Fatores Etários , Estudos de Coortes , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Hemangioma/diagnóstico , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Itália , Masculino , Segurança do Paciente , Propranolol/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Infantile hemangiomas (IH) complicated by ulceration, disfigurement, functional impairment or life-threatening conditions need early, safe and effective treatment. This study explores the impact of propranolol on complicated IH. We report our experience of 62 patients treated with oral propranolol for complicated IH. The effect of propranolol was assessed using a score on a visual analogue scale integrated with echo, magnetic resonance or endoscopic findings. The average age at the beginning of the treatment was seven months [standard deviation (SD)±8.9], with a median of four months (range 1-53 months). The average age at the end of the treatment was 15 months (SD±8.4), with a median of 13 months (range 7-59 months). The mean treatment length was eight months (SD±3.2). Oral propranolol was successful in 95.2% of the patients in reducing the volume, the intensity of color and the elevation of IH. Statistically significant improvement of IH volume was observed in the first two months of therapy (P≤0.001), and between the second month and the end of the treatment (P<0.05). No significant bradycardia or hypotension occurred. Severe hypoglycemia occurred in one patient. Mild adverse effects were observed in seven patients. Our study demonstrates that propranolol administered orally at 2 to 3 mg/kg/day has a rapid therapeutic effect leading to remarkable shortening of the natural course of IH and it is safe in the majority of patients.