Is the plastibell of any haemostatic value after 24 h?

BACKGROUND: The Plastibell is the most popular circumcision method among mothers in our city. Haemorrhage is its major problem. At our centre, we have recorded many circumcision problems resulting from prolonged retention of the Plastibell ring and this study, therefore, sought to explore the ways of reducing complications resulting from prolonged retention of the ring. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a prospective study, in which a total of sixty consecutive male neonates were recruited with all undergoing circumcision using the Plastibell device. Thirty patients were assigned to the subject group, in whom the Plastibell ring was removed by the investigator at 24 h while the other thirty constituted the control group whose Plastibell rings were allowed to fall off on their own. The patients selected were aged between 7 and 28 days. RESULTS: Overall, 4 (6.6%) of the sixty neonatal circumcisions in this study were complicated by haemorrhage. There was minor bleeding in 3 (10%) of the thirty subjects and 1 (3.3%) of the thirty controls. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (P = 0.3006). One patient each from the subject and control groups bled following slipped ligature a few hours after Plastibell circumcision. The other two patients in the subject group bled following the removal of the Plastibell ring at 24 h. All the bleeding episodes were effectively controlled within 5 min by firm digital pressure only administered through a piece of dry, sterile gauze. CONCLUSION: Post-circumcision haemorrhage was not significantly different between circumcised babies whose Plastibell rings were removed at 24 h and those in whom it was left to fall off on its own.

Early outcome of open primary pull through versus staged pull through in Hirschsprung's disease: a single centre experience from Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: The treatment of Hirschsprung's disease has followed a trend from 2 or 3-staged pull-through (SPT) procedures to a single stage primary pull-through (PPT) procedure and from open surgery to laparoscopy-assisted, and trans-anal pull through procedures. The (PPT) procedure has the advantage of avoiding a stoma and its complications. OBJECTIVE: This study compares the outcomes in open PPT and SPT in our centre. METHODS: Retrospective observational study at a single centre from Nigeria over a 4year period. RESULTS: Of 46 patients with Hirschsprung's disease, 29 patients had pull-through procedures during the study period; 19 had SPT and 10 had PPT. There were 21 boys and 8 girls (M:F = 2.6:1). Five (17.1%) were diagnosed in the neonatal period and median age at surgery was 30 months (1 month - 31 yrs). The mean length of hospital stay was 30 days (+/- 7) in the SPT group while it was 16 days (+/- 3) in the PPT group, p < 0.05. Colostomy morbidity such as prolapse and skin excoriation showed statistical significant difference compared to other complications associated with pull-through (p < 0.05); however morbidity from pull-through procedures alone were similar. There was no statistically significant difference in post operative bowel habit irrespective of type of pull through operation performed (p > 0.05). Patients were followed up for between 3 months and 36 months. Two patients died giving a mortality rate of 6.7% overall. CONCLUSION: PPT significantly reduced both hospital stay and colostomy complications compared to SPT.

Non-trauma related paediatric abdominal surgical emergencies in Lagos, Nigeria: Epidemiology and indicators of survival.

BACKGROUND: Pediatric surgical emergencies are associated with higher morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of non-trauma related pediatric abdominal surgical emergencies in our centre and determine the indicators for survival in a cohort of patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of children aged 1 day to 15 years who presented with non-trauma related abdominal emergencies at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH). RESULTS: There were 129 children. The median age at presentation was 5 months (range: 1 day-15 years). There were 104 males and 25 females. Sixty-four (49.6%) patients presented within 48 hours of the onset of the symptoms while 65 (50.4%) presented after 48 hours. Intestinal obstruction is the commonest indication for pediatric emergency surgery in our centre accounting for 76 patients (58.9%). Appendicitis is the second most common indication for emergency surgery with 13 patients (10.1%). Thirteen patients (10.1%) had postoperative complications. There were 13 deaths in all (10.1% mortality rate). Eleven out of 43 (25.6%) neonates died compared with 2 (2.3%) out of 86 patients in the other age groups (P=0.002). Seven out of 107 (6.5%) patients that had surgery within 72 hours died while 5/22 (22.7%) patients died who had surgery after 72 hours (P=0.003). There were 4 mortalities (28.6%) among patients with postoperative complications compared with 9 (7.8%) mortalities among 116 patients without any postoperative complications (Pp=0.001). CONCLUSION: Intestinal obstruction is the commonest pediatric surgical emergency seen in LUTH. Neonatal age, admission to surgery intervention time >72 hours, and severe postoperative complications are associated with high mortality.

Surgically correctable morbidity from male circumcision: indications for specialist surgical care in lagos.

AIM/OBJECTIVE: To determine the pattern of morbidity and outcome among patients referred to the Pediatric Surgery Unit of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) following circumcision. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study of all patients with complications of circumcision who were managed in LUTH between 2008 and 2010. RESULTS: There were 36 patients. The age range was between 2 days and 9 years (median-3 months). Fifteen cases (42.9%) were due to urethro-cutaneous fistula while there were six cases (16.7%) of postcircumcision bleeding. There were four cases (11.1%) each of partial penile amputation and buried penis. There were also cases of meatal stenosis, penile implantation cyst and glanulo-preputial skin bridge. With respect to the treatment offered, eleven (30.6%) patients had urethroplasty for the urethro-cutaneous fistulae while seven (19.4%) patients had penile refashioning for the buried penis and penile amputation. Appropriate surgical treatments were performed for the other complications. CONCLUSION: Urethrocutaneous fistula and penile amputation are the commonest complications of circumcision for which referral is made to LUTH. Treatment outcome was satisfactory. Health education and legislation to ensure procedure is performed by qualified medical and paramedical staff may reduce the morbidity.

Pediatric trauma in sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges in overcoming the scourge.

All over the world, pediatric trauma has emerged as an important public health problem. It accounts for the highest mortality in children and young adults in developed countries. Reports from Africa on trauma in the pediatric age group are few and most have been single center experience. In many low-and middle-income countries, the death rates from trauma in the pediatric age group exceed those found in developed countries. Much of this mortality is preventable by developing suitable preventive measures, implementing an effective trauma system and adapting interventions that have been implemented in developed countries that have led to significant reduction in both morbidity and mortality. This review of literature on the subject by pediatric and orthopedic surgeons from different centers in Africa aims to highlight the challenges faced in the care of these patients and proffer solutions to the scourge.

Survey of teaching, research and conference experiences of paediatric surgical trainees in Nigeria.

AIM: To determine the teaching methods used by residents in paediatric surgery in Nigeria and their exposure to research and conferences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A structured questionnaire was administered to trainees in paediatric surgery in Nigeria seeking information regarding different teaching methods used, frequency of use, involvement in research and participation in conferences. RESULTS: There were 11 respondents (91.6%) of 12 questionnaires that were distributed. All of them were training in accredited teaching hospitals in Nigeria. All of them had been involved in teaching medical students. Ten residents were involved in teaching in wards/bedside two times or more in a week and all were involved in teaching at the clinics. Only one resident used audiovisual aid at least once a week to teach students. Eight trainees used tutorial or seminar group discussion as a teaching tool once a week. Four trainees had not used written essay as a way of teaching students while five had never given students lectures in a classroom before. All the respondents had participated in retrospective research while nine had been involved in prospective research. Nine residents had attended conferences nationally while two had attended international conferences. Six trainees presented a paper or more at national conferences while one presented at an international conference. CONCLUSION: Trainees in paediatric surgery in Nigeria are significantly involved in the teaching of undergraduate medical students and clinical research. This should be encouraged and further enhanced by motivating the trainees to attend international conferences.

Non-trauma related paediatric abdominal surgical emergencies in Lagos, Nigeria: epidemiology and indicators of survival

Background : Pediatric surgical emergencies are associated with higher morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of non-trauma related pediatric abdominal surgical emergencies in our centre and determine the indicators for survival in a cohort of patients. Patients and Methods : A retrospective study of children aged 1 day to 15 years who presented with non-trauma related abdominal emergencies at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH). Results : There were 129 children. The median age at presentation was 5 months (range: 1 day-15 years). There were 104 males and 25 females. Sixty-four (49.6) patients presented within 48 hours of the onset of the symptoms while 65 (50.4) presented after 48 hours. Intestinal obstruction is the commonest indication for pediatric emergency surgery in our centre accounting for 76 patients (58.9). Appendicitis is the second most common indication for emergency surgery with 13 patients (10.1). Thirteen patients (10.1) had postoperative complications. There were 13 deaths in all (10.1mortality rate). Eleven out of 43 (25.6) neonates died compared with 2 (2.3) out of 86 patients in the other age groups (P=0.002). Seven out of 107 (6.5) patients that had surgery within 72 hours died while 5/22 (22.7) patients died who had surgery after 72 hours (P=0.003). There were 4 mortalities (28.6) among patients with postoperative complications compared with 9 (7.8) mortalities among 116 patients without any postoperative complications (Pp=0.001). Conclusion : Intestinal obstruction is the commonest pediatric surgical emergency seen in LUTH. Neonatal age; admission to surgery intervention time 72 hours; and severe postoperative complications are associated with high mortality