Quantifying glucose and lipid components in human serum by Raman spectroscopy and multivariate statistics.

Raman spectroscopy has been employed in the quantitative analysis of biochemical components in human serum. This study aimed to develop a spectral model to estimate the concentration of glucose and lipid fractions in human serum, thus evaluating the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy technique for diagnostic purposes. A total of 44 samples of blood serum were collected from volunteers submitted to routine blood biochemical assay analysis. The biochemical concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and high-density and low-density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL) were obtained by colorimetric method. Serum samples (200 µL) were submitted to Raman spectroscopy (830 nm, 250 mW, 50-s accumulation). The spectra of sera present peaks related to the main constituents, particularly proteins and lipids. A quantitative model based on partial least squares (PLS) regression has been developed to estimate the concentration of these compounds, taking the biochemical concentrations assayed by the colorimetric method as sample's actual concentrations. The PLS model based on leave-one-out cross-validation approach estimated the concentration of triglycerides and cholesterol with r = 0.98 and 0.96, and root mean square error of 35.4 and 15.9 mg/dL, respectively. For the other biochemicals, the r was ranging from 0.75 to 0.86. These results evidenced the possibility of performing biochemical assay in blood serum samples by Raman spectroscopy and PLS regression and may be employed as a means of diagnosis in routine clinical analysis.

High Interannual Variability in Connectivity and Genetic Pool of a Temperate Clingfish Matches Oceanographic Transport Predictions.

Adults of most marine benthic and demersal fish are site-attached, with the dispersal of their larval stages ensuring connectivity among populations. In this study we aimed to infer spatial and temporal variation in population connectivity and dispersal of a marine fish species, using genetic tools and comparing these with oceanographic transport. We focused on an intertidal rocky reef fish species, the shore clingfish Lepadogaster lepadogaster, along the southwest Iberian Peninsula, in 2011 and 2012. We predicted high levels of self-recruitment and distinct populations, due to short pelagic larval duration and because all its developmental stages have previously been found near adult habitats. Genetic analyses based on microsatellites countered our prediction and a biophysical dispersal model showed that oceanographic transport was a good explanation for the patterns observed. Adult sub-populations separated by up to 300 km of coastline displayed no genetic differentiation, revealing a single connected population with larvae potentially dispersing long distances over hundreds of km. Despite this, parentage analysis performed on recruits from one focal site within the Marine Park of Arrábida (Portugal), revealed self-recruitment levels of 2.5% and 7.7% in 2011 and 2012, respectively, suggesting that both long- and short-distance dispersal play an important role in the replenishment of these populations. Population differentiation and patterns of dispersal, which were highly variable between years, could be linked to the variability inherent in local oceanographic processes. Overall, our measures of connectivity based on genetic and oceanographic data highlight the relevance of long-distance dispersal in determining the degree of connectivity, even in species with short pelagic larval durations.

Política nacional de atenção à saúde dos povos indígenas: atuação do enfermeiro no contexto intercultural / National policy of attention to the health of the indigenouspeoples: nurse's performance in the intercultural context

Relatar a atuação do enfermeiro e dificuldades enfrentadas no contexto intercultural e compreender o processo saúde-doença na visão do indígena. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados LILACS, Scielo, Medline e BVS Brasil. Dezoito artigos foram selecionados. Evidenciouse que a falta de conhecimento, e a ausência de capacitação profissional, denota a existência de paradigma cultural por parte dos enfermeiros. Conclui-se que para compreender o contexto indígena, é preciso enfrentar as dificuldades a ele inerentes, sendo fundamental reconhecer e compreender as crenças indígenas e valorizar seus saberes tradicionais para atuar de forma a garantir a atenção diferenciada proposta pela PNASPI

To report the nurses' performance and difficulties faced in the context and understanding the health-disease process in the indigenous's view. The databases LILACS, Scielo, Medline and VHL Brazil were used. Eighteen articles were selected. It was evidenced that the lack of knowledge, and the absence of professional qualification, indicates the existence of a cultural paradigm on the part of the nurses. It is concluded that in order to understand the indigenous context, it is necessary to confront the inherent difficulties. It is fundamental to recognize and understand indigenous beliefs and to value their traditional knowledge to act in order to guarantee the differentiated attention proposed by PNASPI

[Migration and Hansen's disease in Mato Grosso]. / Migração e hanseníase em Mato Grosso.

Studies on medical geography about leprosy discuss the role of the detailed report of the occupation of the territories as a basis of the permanence of leprosy focus. In Brazil, the states that present the highest rates of detection historically are in the Amazon region, which shows an uneven regional evolution of the disease. This paper analyzes the evolution of leprosy contextualizing the migratory processes that occurred in the State of Mato Grosso since the second half of the 20th century. The economic dynamism that occurred in the State in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s caused population growth rates higher than the national average. The data analyzed permitted an association between the evolution of leprosy and the process of occupation of the mato-grossense territory. However, the permanence of leprosy in the municipalities of the Baixada Cuiabana, as well as in other municipalities that lost population, seem to point to the existence of geographic contexts of different vulnerability to the social production of the disease in the tate. The migration would explain the appearance and evolution of leprosy. However, we consider that the maintenance of the endemic can be associated to contextual factors related to environment.

Detecting alterations of glucose and lipid components in human serum by near-infrared Raman spectroscopy

Introduction Raman spectroscopy may become a tool for the analysis of glucose and triglycerides in human serum in real time. This study aimed to detect spectral differences in lipid and glucose components of human serum, thus evaluating the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy for diagnostic purposes. Methods A total of 44 samples of blood serum were collected from volunteers and submitted for clinical blood biochemical analysis. The concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL) were obtained using standard biochemical assays. Serum samples were placed in Eppendorf tubes (200 µL), kept cooled (5 °C) and analyzed with near-infrared Raman spectroscopy (830 nm, 250 mW, 50 s accumulation). The mean spectra of serum with normal or altered concentrations of each parameter were compared to determine which Raman bands were related to the differences between these two groups. Results Differences in peak intensities of altered sera compared to normal ones depended on the parameter under analysis: for glucose, peaks were related to glucose; for lipid compounds the main changes occurred in the peaks related to cholesterol, lipids (mainly triolein) and proteins. Principal Components Analysis discriminated altered glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides from the normal serum based on the differences in the concentration of these compounds. Conclusion Differences in the peak intensities of selected Raman bands could be seen in normal and altered blood serum samples, and may be employed as a means of diagnosis in clinical analysis.

Gênero e sexualidade: conhecendo a história para transformar o futuro / Gender and sexuality: knowing history to change the future

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar as discussões realizadas através das oficinas educativas e psicossociais desenvolvidas durante o Estágio de Psicologia Social I e II no ano de 2010. Nosso público–alvo constituiu-se de nove adolescentes do sexo feminino, em situação de direitos violados, atendidas em um Centro de Referência Especializado de AssistênciaSocial- CREAS. Guiando-nos pelo referencial teórico da Psicologia Social crítica, cujos fundamentos são pautados no materialismo histórico e na lógica dialética, buscamos construir um contexto dialógico de produção compartilhada de sentidos a partir da troca de experiências, promovendo discussões relacionadas a gênero e violência contra a mulher; sexualidade, identidade de gênero e papéis de gênero, categorias estas entendidas como construções histórico-culturais. (AU)

The present work has the objective to show the discussions through educative and psychosocial workshops developed during the Social PsychologyApprenticeship I e II, in the year of 2010. Our target public was formed by nine female gender teenagers, which were in violated directs situation, attended in a Centro de Referência Especializado de Assistência Social (CREAS). Guiding by the Critical Social Psychology theory, which fundamentals are based on Dialectical Materialism and on the dialectical logic, we aim to build a dialogic context of shared meanings production, from experiences trades, promoting discussions about gender and violence against women; sexuality, gender identity and social roles of gender, categories which are understood as historical and cultural constructions. (AU)

Migração e hanseníase em Mato Grosso / Migration and Hansen's disease in Mato Grosso

Trabalhos de geografia médica sobre hanseníase discutem o papel da ocupação dos territórios como fundamento da permanência de focos leprógenos. No Brasil, os Estados que apresentam as mais altas taxas de detecção, historicamente, se localizam na região amazônica, o que evidencia uma desigual evolução regional da doença. Este trabalho analisa a evolução da hanseníase contextualizando os processos migratórios que ocorreram no Estado de Mato Grosso a partir da segunda metade do século XX. O crescimento econômico ocorrido no Estado nas décadas de 1970, 1980 e 1990 provocou taxas de crescimento populacional maiores que a média nacional. Os dados analisados permitem uma associação entre o crescimento e dispersão dos coeficientes de detecção da hanseníase com o processo de ocupação do território mato-grossense. Entretanto, a permanência da hanseníase em municípios da Baixada Cuiabana, assim como em outros municípios que sofreram perda de população, parece apontar a existência de contextos geográficos de diferentes vulnerabilidades à produção social da doença. A migração explicaria a instalação e evolução da hanseníase, entretanto consideramos que a manutenção da endemia pode estar associada a fatores contextuais relacionados com o ambiente.

Studies on medical geography about leprosy discuss the role of the detailed report of the occupation of the territories as a basis of the permanence of leprosy focus. In Brazil, the states that present the highest rates of detection historically are in the Amazon region, which shows an uneven regional evolution of the disease. This paper analyzes the evolution of leprosy contextualizing the migratory processes that occurred in the State of Mato Grosso since the second half of the 20th century. The economic dynamism that occurred in the State in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s caused population growth rates higher than the national average. The data analyzed permitted an association between the evolution of leprosy and the process of occupation of the mato-grossense territory. However, the permanence of leprosy in the municipalities of the Baixada Cuiabana, as well as in other municipalities that lost population, seem to point to the existence of geographic contexts of different vulnerability to the social production of the disease in the tate. The migration would explain the appearance and evolution of leprosy. However, we consider that the maintenance of the endemic can be associated to contextual factors related to environment.

Materialidades, ordenações e fluidez em torno dos refugos urbanos / Materiality, ordinations and fluidity around the urban waste

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir as estratégias colocadas em funcionamento para constituição e circulação de materialidades nos circuitos informais do reaproveitamento e dacomercialização de resíduos urbanos que criam as condições de possibilidade para a emergência de fluidas ordenações espaciais e objetuais. Foram realizadas sete visitas de observação, cinco entrevistas e duas sessões de registros fotográficos nas instalações de uma residência-fábrica-comércio improvisado mantida por um comerciante informal de resíduosurbanos, residente em município de médio porte do interior mato-grossense. Foram analisadas quatro estratégias colocadas em funcionamento para constituição e circulação dematerialidades: regionalizações, (des) pontualizações, manejo da heterogeneidade e apropriação de inscritores. Conclui-se que as estratégias de ordenação colocadas emfuncionamento para constituição e circulação de materialidades nos circuitos informais são suficientemente capazes de responder às dinâmicas de fluidez que caracterizam acomplexidade mobilizada em torno dos refugos urbanos.(AU)

This article aims to discuss the strategies put in place to set up and use of material in the informal market and reuse of waste that create the conditions of possibility for the emergence of flowing space and objectual ordinances. Were performed seven observation visits, five interviews and two rounds of photographic records on the premises of a house-plant trade by an improvised maintained informal trader of municipal waste, living in medium-sized city inthe interior of Mato Grosso. We analyzed four strategies put in place to set up and use of material: regionalization, (un) punctualizations, handling of heterogeneity and exchange of inscribing. We conclude that the strategies put in place order to set up and use of material in the informal are sufficiently capable of responding to dynamic fluidity that characterize thecomplexity mobilized around the urban waste.(AU)

Materialidades, ordenações e fluidez em torno dos refugos urbanos / Materiality, ordinations and fluidity around the urban waste

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir as estratégias colocadas em funcionamento para constituição e circulação de materialidades nos circuitos informais do reaproveitamento e dacomercialização de resíduos urbanos que criam as condições de possibilidade para a emergência de fluidas ordenações espaciais e objetuais. Foram realizadas sete visitas de observação, cinco entrevistas e duas sessões de registros fotográficos nas instalações de uma residência-fábrica-comércio improvisado mantida por um comerciante informal de resíduosurbanos, residente em município de médio porte do interior mato-grossense. Foram analisadas quatro estratégias colocadas em funcionamento para constituição e circulação dematerialidades: regionalizações, (des) pontualizações, manejo da heterogeneidade e apropriação de inscritores. Conclui-se que as estratégias de ordenação colocadas emfuncionamento para constituição e circulação de materialidades nos circuitos informais são suficientemente capazes de responder às dinâmicas de fluidez que caracterizam acomplexidade mobilizada em torno dos refugos urbanos.

This article aims to discuss the strategies put in place to set up and use of material in the informal market and reuse of waste that create the conditions of possibility for the emergence of flowing space and objectual ordinances. Were performed seven observation visits, five interviews and two rounds of photographic records on the premises of a house-plant trade by an improvised maintained informal trader of municipal waste, living in medium-sized city inthe interior of Mato Grosso. We analyzed four strategies put in place to set up and use of material: regionalization, (un) punctualizations, handling of heterogeneity and exchange of inscribing. We conclude that the strategies put in place order to set up and use of material in the informal are sufficiently capable of responding to dynamic fluidity that characterize thecomplexity mobilized around the urban waste.