The Lucy Thermal Emission Spectrometer (L'TES) Instrument.

The Lucy Thermal Emission Spectrometer (L'TES) will provide remote measurements of the thermophysical properties of the Trojan asteroids studied by the Lucy mission. L'TES is build-to-print hardware copy of the OTES instrument flown on OSIRIS-REx. It is a Fourier Transform spectrometer covering the spectral range 5.71-100 µm (1750-100 cm-1) with spectral sampling intervals of 8.64, 17.3, and 34.6 cm-1 and a 7.3-mrad field of view. The L'TES telescope is a 15.2-cm diameter Cassegrain telescope that feeds a flat-plate Michelson moving mirror mounted on a linear voice-coil motor assembly to a single uncooled deuterated l-alanine doped triglycine sulfate (DLATGS) pyroelectric detector. A significant firmware change from OTES is the ability to acquire interferograms of different length and spectral resolution with acquisition times of 0.5, 1, and 2 seconds. A single ∼0.851 µm laser diode is used in a metrology interferometer to provide precise moving mirror control and IR sampling at 772 Hz. The beamsplitter is a 38-mm diameter, 1-mm thick chemical vapor deposited diamond with an antireflection microstructure to minimize surface reflection. An internal calibration cone blackbody target, together with observations of space, provides radiometric calibration. The radiometric precision in a single spectrum is ≤2.2 × 10-8 W cm-2 sr-1 /cm-1 between 300 and 1350 cm-1. The absolute temperature error is <2 K for scene temperatures >75 K. The overall L'TES envelope size is 37.6 × 29.0 × 30.4 cm, and the mass is 6.47 kg. The power consumption is 12.6 W average. L'TES was developed by Arizona State University with AZ Space Technologies developing the electronics. L'TES was integrated, tested, and radiometrically calibrated on the Arizona State University campus in Tempe, AZ. Initial data from space have verified the instrument's radiometric and spatial performance.

Multimodal approach in radioguided surgery in a case of multiple paraganglioma. / Abordaje multimodal en la cirugía radioguiada de un caso de paraganglioma múltiple.

The case involves a 34-year-old woman who underwent surgical removal of a retroperitoneal paraganglioma adjacent to the left kidney's lower pole, previously visualized by CT and MRI. The 123I-MIBG scan was positive for this lesion and, in addition, another uptake was observed located caudally at the level of L5 and of smaller size and less intensity. The second lesion was not considered for surgical removal, due to its lack of morphological definition. One week after surgical intervention, the patient presented difficult-to-control high blood pressure. A second 123I-MIBG scan was performed. The previously described second image was more intense in this study, and surgery was planned to remove it. A combination of techniques including freehand-SPECT and a portable hybrid gamma camera (with optical camera) were used pre-operatively to identify the location of the lesion. The combination of intra-operative laparoscopic gamma probe and portable hybrid gamma camera enabled the tumor to be located, excised, and its complete removal to be monitored. The histopathology analysis confirmed a second paraganglioma.

Radioguided surgery and the GOSTT concept: From pre-operative image and intraoperative navigation to image-assisted excision.

Radio-guided surgery has been developed for application in those disease scheduled for surgical management, particularly in areas of complex anatomy. This is based on the use of pre-operative scintigraphic planar, tomographic and fused SPECT/CT images, and the possibility of 3D reconstruction for the subsequent intraoperative locating of active lesions using handheld devices (detection probes, gamma cameras, etc.). New tracers and technologies have also been incorporated into these surgical procedures. The combination of visual and acoustic signals during the intraoperative procedure has become possible with new portable imaging modalities. In daily practice, the images offered by these techniques and devices combine perioperative nuclear medicine imaging with the superior resolution of additional optical guidance in the operating room. In many ways they provide real-time images, allowing accurate guidance during surgery, a reduction in the time required for tissue location and an anatomical environment for surgical recognition. All these approaches have been included in the concept known as (radio) Guided intraOperative Scintigraphic Tumour Targeting (GOSTT). This article offers a general view of different nuclear medicine and allied technologies used for several GOSTT procedures, and illustrates the crossing of technological frontiers in radio-guided surgery.

Hybrid-fusion SPECT/CT systems in parathyroid adenoma: Technological improvements and added clinical diagnostic value.

Nuclear medicine traditionally employs planar and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging techniques to depict the biodistribution of radiotracers for the diagnostic investigation of a range of disorders of endocrine gland function. The usefulness of combining functional information with anatomy derived from computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and high resolution ultrasound (US), has long been appreciated, either using visual side-by-side correlation, or software-based co-registration. The emergence of hybrid SPECT/CT camera technology now allows the simultaneous acquisition of combined multi-modality imaging, with seamless fusion of 3D volume datasets. Thus, it is not surprising that there is growing literature describing the many advantages that contemporary SPECT/CT technology brings to radionuclide investigation of endocrine disorders, showing potential advantages for the pre-operative locating of the parathyroid adenoma using a minimally invasive surgical approach, especially in the presence of ectopic glands and in multiglandular disease. In conclusion, hybrid SPECT/CT imaging has become an essential tool to ensure the most accurate diagnostic in the management of patients with hyperparathyroidism.

The use of finite element methods and genetic algorithms in search of an optimal fabric reinforced porous graft system.

The mechanics of arteries result from the properties of the soft tissue constituents and the interaction of the wall layers, predominantly media and adventitia. This concept was adopted in this study for the design of a tissue regenerative vascular graft. To achieve the desired structural properties of the graft, most importantly a diametric compliance of 6%/100 mmHg, finite element methods and genetic algorithms were used in an integrated approach to identify the mechanical properties of an adventitial fabric layer that were required to optimally complement an intimal/medial polyurethane layer with interconnected porosity of three different size classes. The models predicted a compliance of 16.0, 19.2, and 31.5%/100 mmHg for the non-reinforced grafts and 5.3, 5.5, and 6.0%/100 mmHg for the fabric-reinforced grafts. The latter, featuring fabrics manufactured according to the required non-linear mechanical characteristics numerically predicted, exhibited an in vitro compliance of 2.1 +/- 0.8, 3.0 +/- 2.4, and 4.0 +/- 0.7% /100 mmHg. The combination of finite element methods and genetic algorithms was shown to be able to successfully optimize the mechanical design of the composite graft. The method offers potential for the application to alternative concepts of modular vascular grafts and the incorporation of tissue ingrowth and biodegradation.

Abordaje multimodal en la cirugía radioguiada de un caso de paraganglioma múltiple / Multimodal approach in radioguided surgery in a case of multiple paraganglioma

Mujer de 34 años intervenida quirúrgicamente de un paraganglioma retroperitoneal adyacente al polo inferior del riñón izquierdo, visualizado por TC y RM. La gammagrafía con 123I-MIBG fue positiva y además se evidenció otra captación de menor intensidad, prevertebral-L5, no subsidiaria de extirpación debido a la ausencia de traducción radiológica. Una semana después de la cirugía, la paciente presentó HTA de difícil control. Se realizó un segundo estudio con 123I-MIBG. La imagen sin traducción radiológica previa mostró mayor captación gammagráfica y fue localizada en las imágenes morfológicas, por lo que se reintervino la paciente. Se utilizó una combinación de técnicas, incluyendo freehand-SPECT y una gammacámara portátil-híbrida (con cámara óptica) para identificar la localización de la lesión, consiguiendo una buena planificación preoperatoria. La combinación de sonda gamma laparoscópica y gammacámara portátil-híbrida permitió la localización intraoperatoria del tumor y la evaluación de su completa extirpación. El análisis anatomopatológico confirmó un segundo paraganglioma (AU)

The case involves a 34-year-old woman who underwent surgical removal of a retroperitoneal paraganglioma adjacent to the left kidney's lower pole, previously visualized by CT and MRI. The 123I-MIBG scan was positive for this lesion and, in addition, another uptake was observed located caudally at the level of L5 and of smaller size and less intensity. The second lesion was not considered for surgical removal, due to its lack of morphological definition. One week after surgical intervention, the patient presented difficult-to-control high blood pressure. A second 123I-MIBG scan was performed. The previously described second image was more intense in this study, and surgery was planned to remove it. A combination of techniques including freehand-SPECT and a portable hybrid gamma camera (with optical camera) were used pre-operatively to identify the location of the lesion. The combination of intra-operative laparoscopic gamma probe and portable hybrid gamma camera enabled the tumor to be located, excised, and its complete removal to be monitored. The histopathology analysis confirmed a second paraganglioma (AU)

Health-related quality of life, BMI and physical activity among US adults (>/=18 years): National Physical Activity and Weight Loss Survey, 2002.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and physical activity (PA). METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained via a national telephone survey from 9173 respondents (30.9% response rate; 51.4% cooperation rate). Four indicators of HRQOL were measured: self-rated health, physically unhealthy days, mentally unhealthy days and activity limitation days. Prevalence estimates were calculated by body mass index (BMI) category and PA level. Logistic regression evaluated BMI as an effect modifier of the relationship between HRQOL and PA. RESULTS: Inactive adults reported more fair to poor HRQOL than active adults, regardless of BMI category (P<0.001). BMI did not modify the association between PA and any of the four HRQOL indicators. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of low HRQOL is inversely related to PA participation, and the relationship is not altered by BMI status. Regardless of their weight status, adults should be encouraged to engage in PA.

Primary hyperparathyroidism regression associated to cinacalcet therapy proved by 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy / Seguimiento mediante gammagrafía con 99mTc-MIBI en un caso de hiperparatiroidismo primario tratado con cinacalcet

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Radioguided surgery and the GOSTT concept: From pre-operative image and intraoperative navigation to image-assisted excision / Cirugía radioguiada y concepto GOSTT: desde la imagen preoperatoria y la navegación inatraoperatoria hacia la resección asistida por imagen

Radio-guided surgery has been developed for application in those disease scheduled for surgical management, particularly in areas of complex anatomy. This is based on the use of pre-operative scintigraphic planar, tomographic and fused SPECT/CT images, and the possibility of 3D reconstruction for the subsequent intraoperative locating of active lesions using handheld devices (detection probes, gamma cameras, etc.). New tracers and technologies have also been incorporated into these surgical procedures. The combination of visual and acoustic signals during the intraoperative procedure has become possible with new portable imaging modalities. In daily practice, the images offered by these techniques and devices combine perioperative nuclear medicine imaging with the superior resolution of additional optical guidance in the operating room. In many ways they provide real-time images, allowing accurate guidance during surgery, a reduction in the time required for tissue location and an anatomical environment for surgical recognition. All these approaches have been included in the concept known as (radio) Guided intraOperative Scintigraphic Tumour Targeting (GOSTT). This article offers a general view of different nuclear medicine and allied technologies used for several GOSTT procedures, and illustrates the crossing of technological frontiers in radio-guided surgery (AU)

La cirugía radioguiada ha sido desarrollada para su aplicación en enfermedades que requieren un manejo quirúrgico especial, principalmente en áreas de anatomía compleja. Esta serie de procedimientos requieren la realización de imágenes preoperatorias: gammagráficas planares, tomográficas y de fusión (SPECT/TC) y la posibilidad de reconstrucción 3D para la posterior localización intraoperatoria de las lesiones activas mediante dispositivos portátiles (sondas de detección, gammacámaras, etc.). Además, integra el uso de nuevos radiotrazadores que han sido incorporados como parte de esta nueva tecnología en los procedimientos quirúrgicos en la práctica asistencial. La combinación de las señales acústicas y visuales durante los procedimientos intraoperatorios ha sido posible gracias a los dispositivos de imagen portátil. En la práctica diaria las imágenes ofrecidas por estas técnicas y dispositivos combinan la imagen preoperatoria de medicina nuclear con la mayor resolución que ofrecen las imágenes ópticas, sirviendo de guía más veraz en el campo quirúrgico. La imagen proporcionada con estas técnicas y dispositivos ofrece información y guía hacia el objetivo en tiempo real, una reducción de tiempo para la localización del tejido marcado previamente y un entorno anatómico para el reconocimiento de la estructura tisular a resecar. Todos estos enfoques se engloban dentro del concepto conocido como (radio)Guided intraOperative Scintigraphic Tumor Targeting (GOSTT). En este artículo se ofrece una visión general de las distintas técnicas de medicina nuclear y las tecnologías afines para ser aplicadas en diferentes procedimientos de este tipo, e ilustra de manera especial el cruce de fronteras tecnológicas observado en la cirugía radioguiada (AU)

Hybrid-fusion SPECT/CT systems in parathyroid adenoma: Technological improvements and added clinical diagnostic value / Sistemas de imagen híbrida de fusión SPECT/TC en adenoma de paratiroides: avances tecnológicos y valor añadido en el diagnóstico clínico

Nuclear medicine traditionally employs planar and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging techniques to depict the biodistribution of radiotracers for the diagnostic investigation of a range of disorders of endocrine gland function. The usefulness of combining functional information with anatomy derived from computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and high resolution ultrasound (US), has long been appreciated, either using visual side-by-side correlation, or software-based co-registration. The emergence of hybrid SPECT/CT camera technology now allows the simultaneous acquisition of combined multi-modality imaging, with seamless fusion of 3D volume datasets. Thus, it is not surprising that there is growing literature describing the many advantages that contemporary SPECT/CT technology brings to radionuclide investigation of endocrine disorders, showing potential advantages for the pre-operative locating of the parathyroid adenoma using a minimally invasive surgical approach, especially in the presence of ectopic glands and in multiglandular disease. In conclusion, hybrid SPECT/CT imaging has become an essential tool to ensure the most accurate diagnostic in the management of patients with hyperparathyroidism (AU)

La medicina nuclear emplea tradicionalmente imágenes estáticas 2D, aunque en los últimos años se ha incrementado la imagen 3D tomográfica SPECT. Estas técnicas de imagen permiten la observación de la biodistribución de los radiotrazadores, destinados a la investigación diagnóstica de trastornos endocrinos que cursan con afectación glandular. La utilidad de combinar la información funcional con la anatómica tomando como referencia la tomografía computarizada (TC), la resonancia magnética (RM) y los ultrasonidos de alta resolución (US) ha sido estudiada mediante una correlación visual primero y posteriormente con el soporte de un software de co-registro de imágenes, sin obtener resultados satisfactorios. Los equipos híbridos SPECT/TC permiten la adquisición simultánea de diferentes modalidades de imagen, consiguiendo una fusión adecuada de ellas y su posterior reconstrucción volumétrica. Así pues, no es de extrañar que cada vez observemos mayor evidencia en la literatura que describe las múltiples ventajas de la tecnología SPECT/TC en la localización preoperatoria del adenoma de paratiroides con cirugía mínimamente invasiva, especialmente en presencia de patología multiglandular o de glándulas ectópicas. En resumen, la imagen híbrida se ha convertido en una herramienta esencial que garantiza la mayor exactitud diagnóstica en el manejo de pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo (AU)