New approaches for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-low and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In recent years, there has been a flurry of activity in the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer space. New, powerful drugs like trastuzumab deruxtecan have challenged our fundamental definition of what HER2 expression means as a predictive biomarker. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent approvals of multiple agents in the second line-metastatic setting have given patients access to a variety of new agents, but also raise questions with regard to optimal sequencing. SUMMARY: This review will explore current issues with HER2 testing, recently approved drugs in the HER2+ and HER2 low spaces, as well as novel agents/combinations on the horizon.

Mental-health conditions, barriers to care, and productivity loss among officers in an urban police department.

BACKGROUND: Police officers are frequently exposed to situations that can negatively impact their mental health. METHODS: We conducted this study of an urban police department to determine 1) the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and alcohol abuse; 2) patterns of and barriers to mental-health services utilization; and 3) the impact these conditions have on productivity loss. RESULTS: Among 150 officers, PTSD (24%), depression (9%), and alcohol abuse (19%) were common. Only46.7% had ever sought mental-health services; the most commonly cited barriers to accessing serviceswere concerns regarding confidentiality and the potential"negative career impact." Officers with mental-health conditions had higher productivity loss (5.9% vs 3.4%, P<0.001) at an annual cost of $4,489 per officer. CONCLUSION: Mental-health conditions among police officers are common, and costly, yet most officers had never accessed mental-health services; many due to modifiable risk factors.