Novel process for three-dimensional anatomy and surgical video production: a potential pedagogical tool.

Medical education is an exciting area of development for virtual reality and three-dimensional video. The da Vinci surgical system (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA) utilizes stereoscopic video to provide a three-dimensional perspective to the surgeon, and the use of this video in an educational setting may provide a more realistic experience for learners. In this paper, we introduce and describe in detail what we believe to be a novel and cost-effective way to record three-dimensional video from the da Vinci Xi robotic system. Our technique utilizes a novel approach to record high-definition stereoscopic video for hours at a time. This allows full surgeries to be captured, edited, and shared with minimal limitations. We discuss detailed methods for capturing the three-dimensional videos, formatting the videos to view within the virtual reality device, and transferring the video for viewing, both locally and over the internet. The ability to manipulate the video in this way allows the tailoring of content for specific educational uses as well as providing an outlet for more accessible three-dimensional teaching. Further studies will be done to determine if three-dimensional video formats provide any learning benefit compared to a two-dimensional format as well as exploring additional means to capture high-quality stereoscopic video.

A Novel Presentation of Bladder Mass: Self-palpation by a Patient With Cystocele.

INTRODUCTION: This case describes diagnosis of a T2 transitional cell carcinoma in an 89-year-old woman with known cystocele and urinary retention managed with clean intermittent self-catheterization. CASE: While self-catheterizing, the patient noted a palpable mass in her cystocele. She eventually pursued urologic evaluation of this mass, which ultimately led to her diagnosis. This is the first reported case of transitional cell carcinoma being found on self-examination by palpating a cystocele.

Delayed severe anaphylactoid reaction following retrograde pyelogram: A case report.

Retrograde pyelography is used to evaluate upper collecting system in patients with hematuria who have contrast allergy. Reported here is a patient who developed severe, late-onset anaphylactoid reaction after retrograde pyelography. Premedication is commonly used to reduce risk of allergic reaction but has limited evidence to support its efficacy. Caution should be used when evaluating microhematuria with retrograde pyelography in patients with prior anaphylactoid reaction to intravenous contrast.