The addition of silica nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of dental stone.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The current application of nanotechnology in dentistry is limited to nanoparticles incorporated into adhesive systems and composite resins. Dental stone is a widely used material, and the incorporation of silica nanoparticles is still unexplored. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of dental stone after the addition of silica nanoparticles in different concentrations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 180 specimens were prepared, 90 for each dental stone (Durone and Fuji Rock). For the control group (CG), no silica particles were added, while test group TGnI had silica nanoparticles added to 1 wt%, and test group TGnV had silica nanoparticles added to 5 wt%. The roughness, diametral tensile strength (DTS), and compressive strength were measured 24 hours after the start of spatulation. RESULTS: The mean roughness values for Durone were 0.55, 0.36, and 0.28 µm for CG, TGnI, and TGnV; for Fuji Rock, the mean roughness values were 0.47 for CG, 0.31 for TGnI, and 0.35 µm for TGnV. The mean DTS values for Durone were 6.0, 5.1, and 5.0 MPa for CG, TGnI, and TGnV, respectively, and for Fuji Rock, the mean DTS values were 6.4, 5.2, and 4.5 MPa for CG, TGnI, and TGnV, respectively. The mean compressive strength values for Durone were 35.4, 32.7, and 32.4 MPa for CG, TGnI, and TGnV, respectively, and for Fuji Rock, the mean compressive strength values were 42.9, 31.2, and 29.8 MPa for CG, TGnI, and TGnV respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Surface roughness was statistically lower for the Durone and Fuji Rock stones (P<.001) when silica nanoparticles were added. The addition of silica nanoparticles did not significantly affect the DTS and compressive strength of Durone compared with CG (P>.05) but did affect the DTS of Fuji Rock when 5 wt% was added and the compressive strength in both concentrations (P<.05).

Influence of polishing on surface roughness following toothbrushing wear of composite resins.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different polishing systems on the surface roughness of composite resins following procedures to simulate the effects of toothbrushing over time. Four currently available commercial composites were used to make 128 cylindrical specimens. The specimens were randomly allocated to polishing with a 1-step polisher or 1 of 3 multistep polishers (n = 8 per group). The baseline surface roughness was measured, and the specimens were submitted to 5000, 10,000, and 20,000 brushing cycles to represent toothbrushing throughout 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. Results showed that surface roughness was influenced by the type of composite and polishing system and was not influenced by the simulated toothbrushing time. However, the surface roughness, as challenged by toothbrushing wear, was affected by the interaction among the composite, the polisher, and the toothbrushing time. The 1-step polisher produced the highest surface roughness and influenced toothbrushing wear resistance of some composites.

Effect of resin cements and aging on cuspal deflection and fracture resistance of teeth restored with composite resin inlays.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of resin cements and aging on cuspal deflection, fracture resistance, and mode of failure of endodontically treated teeth restored with composite resin inlays. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-two maxillary premolars were divided into 6 groups: 1: sound teeth as control (C); 2: preparations without restoration (WR); 3: inlays luted with RelyX ARC (ARC); 4: inlays luted with RelyX Unicem (RLXU); 5: inlays luted with Maxcem Elite (MCE); 6: inlays luted with SeT (ST). Groups 2 to 6 received mesio-occlusal-distal preparations and endodontic treatment. Stone casts were made for groups 3 to 6. Composite resin inlays were built over each cast and luted with the resin cements. A 200-N load was applied on the occlusal aspect and the cuspal deflection was measured using a micrometer before and after 500,000 cycles of fatigue loading (200 N; 500,000 cycles). The specimens were then submitted to an axial load until failure. RESULTS: The median cuspal deflection (µm) and median fracture resistance (N) were calculated and statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p < 0.01). Values followed by the same letter represent no statistically significant difference. Cuspal deflection before cyclic loading: C = 3 µma; ARC = 4 µmab; RLXU= 5 µmab; MCE = 21 µmb; ST = 51 µmbc; WR = 69 µmc. Cuspal deflection after cyclic loading: ARC = 6 µma; RLXU = 19 µmab; MCE = 33 µmb; ST = 62 µmb. Fracture resistance in N: C = 1902a; ARC = 980b; RLXU = 670c; MCE = 533c; ST = 601c; WR = 526c. According to the Wilcoxon test, there was no statistical difference between the cuspal deflection before and after cyclic loading only for ARC (p = 0.015). There was a predominance of recovery fractures for the restored groups. CONCLUSION: Composite resin inlays luted with RelyX ARC maintained cuspal deflection stability and showed higher fracture resistance of the teeth than did inlays luted with the other cements tested.

Fracture Load of Monolithic CAD/CAM Ceramic Crowns Placed on Different Implant Abutments.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the fracture load of monolithic, single-tooth implant-supported crowns cemented on solid or Ti-base (Variobase C) abutments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Besides abutment types (solid and Ti-base abutments), two ceramic systems (IPS e.max CAD and Zirconia inCoris ZI) and two occlusal thicknesses (0.5 and 1.5 mm) were also investigated in this study. In total, eight groups (n = 8) with 64 maxillary second premolar crowns were fabricated. All the crowns were cemented with resin cement, and the screw accesses in Ti-base groups were sealed with composite resin. After mechanical cycling, the specimens were submitted to fracture load test with the maximum force recorded in Newtons (N). Three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc test were used for statistical analyses (α = .05). RESULTS: Both the abutment type (P = .0001) and the ceramic system (P = .0001) significantly affected the results. Screw-access channels reduced the fracture load of crowns by half compared to those cemented on solid abutments. The 1.5-mm and 0.5-mm zirconia crowns placed on solid abutments had similar highest fracture loads, while the e.max CAD groups positioned on Ti-base abutments showed significantly lower values compared with other groups. CONCLUSION: The screw access reduces the resistance of crowns supported by Ti-base abutments compared to crowns cemented on solid abutments. The inCoris ZI showed a higher fracture load than the IPS e.max CAD regardless of the abutment type and thickness.

Immediate dentin sealing influences the fracture strength of ultrathin occlusal veneers made of a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this laboratory study was to assess the effect of immediate dentin sealing (IDS) on the fracture strength of teeth restored with ultrathin occlusal veneers made of a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN - Vita Enamic) with different fissure/cusp thicknesses. METHODS: Forty third molars were identically prepared in the dentin and allocated into four groups (n = 10) according to the fissure/cusp thickness of the occlusal veneers (0.3/0.6 mm or 0.6/0.9 mm) and the application or not of the IDS technique. Ten sound third molars were used as the control group. IDS was performed using a universal adhesive system (Single Bond Universal). The prepared teeth were scanned (Cerec software, version 4.1), and the occlusal veneers were shaped following the occlusal anatomy of a right second molar. Blocks of PICN were milled in the unit inLab MC XL. Following luting with Single Bond Universal and RelyX Ultimate, the fracture strength of the specimens was obtained with a universal testing machine. The fractures were classified as reparable or irreparable. Fracture strength values were analyzed with 2-way and 1-way ANOVA (α = 0.05) and Tukey's test. RESULTS: Only the IDS factor was significant (p = 0.001). The teeth restored with IDS (2875 ± 508 N) achieved significantly higher fracture strength than the teeth restored without IDS (2263 ± 354 N) (p < 0.05). The fracture strength of the specimens with IDS did not differ significantly from that of the sound teeth (3230 ± 620 N). The fractures were predominantly reparable. CONCLUSION: IDS improved the fracture strength of ultrathin occlusal veneers made of PICN.

Fracture strength of teeth restored with milled ultrathin occlusal veneers made of polymer-infiltrated ceramic.

The purpose was to evaluate, in vitro, the fracture strength of teeth restored with 0.3- or 0.6-mm-thick occlusal veneers made of Vita Enamic® bonded to enamel or dentin. Fifty third molars were allocated into five groups (n=10): Group C - control (sound teeth); Group 0.3E - 0.3-mm-thick occlusal veneers bonded to enamel; Group 0.6E - 0.6-mm-thick occlusal veneers bonded to enamel; Group 0.3D - 0.3-mm-thick occlusal veneers bonded to dentin; Group 0.6D - 0.6-mm-thick occlusal veneers bonded to dentin. After luting with Single Bond Universal and Filtek Z-100, the samples were subjected to fracture strength test in a universal testing machine. The fractures were classified as irreparable and reparable. Data were analyzed with 2-way and 1-way ANOVA (α=.05) followed by Tukey's test. The teeth restored with 0.3-mm-thick occlusal veneers (2658 N) achieved significantly higher fracture strength compared to the teeth restored with 0.6-mm-thick occlusal veneers (2070 N) (p=0.017). The teeth restored with occlusal veneers bonded to enamel (2648 N) had significantly higher fracture strength compared to the teeth restored with occlusal veneers bonded to dentin (2049 N) (p=0.015). Group C (3355 N) and Group 0.3E (2965 N) did not differ significantly from each other, being the fracture strength significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.05). The fractures were predominantly reparable. The teeth restored with 0.3-mm-thick occlusal veneers achieved higher fracture strength compared to the teeth restored with 0.6-mm-thick occlusal veneers. The supporting substrate influenced the fracture strength, which was higher for the teeth restored with occlusal veneers bonded to enamel.

Influence of access cavity design on fracture strength of endodontically treated lower molars.

To assess whether access cavity design influences the fracture strength of endodontically treated and restored molars. Fifty human lower molars with standard crown dimensions were selected and assigned to the following groups: S - positive control (healthy tooth), ET - negative control (conventional endodontic access (CEA) and no restoration), NI - negative control (minimally invasive endodontic access (MEA) and no restoration), ETR (CEA + restoration with Bulkfill flow) and NIR (MEA + restoration with Bulkfill flow). The specimens were subjected to a compression test. The teeth were inspected for the site of fracture: either pulp floor or cusp. ANOVA, followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test (α = 5%), was used for statistical analysis. The type of access cavity preparation did not increase the fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth. Even with the restoration, all teeth with endodontic access performed had a higher incidence of fractures at the pulp chamber floor level.

The post transfixed in the coronal cavity increases the fracture resistance of weakened and directly restored teeth? A systematic review

Introduction: The objective of this systematic review was to answer the question: Does the intraradicular post transfixed in the dental crown increases the fracture resistance of weakened and directly restored teeth? Methods: Electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Scientific Electronic Library Online - SCIELO, and Central Register of Controlled Trials - CENTRAL) were searched until March 2021, without language or year restriction. Grey literature was also searched through Google scholar and OpenGrey repository. Only in vitro stud-ies were included that evaluated the influence of the use of intraradicular post trans-fixed in the crown in the buccopalatal/lingual direction in the fracture resistance of the dental crown. Relevant results were summarized and evaluated. The risk of bias was also assessed in the studies. Results: Initial screening of databases resulted in 249 studies, of which 109 were excluded for being duplicates. Of 140 eligible pa-pers, fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were selected for full-text read-ing. Of these, two studies were excluded for not having access to the full article. All selected articles were classified as low risk of bias. Conclusion: Based on the studies, it is possible to conclude that the use of a transfixed post in the crown increases the fracture resistance of weakened and directly restored teeth.

Fracture strength of teeth restored with milled ultrathin occlusal veneers made of polymer-infiltrated ceramic

Abstract The purpose was to evaluate, in vitro, the fracture strength of teeth restored with 0.3- or 0.6-mm-thick occlusal veneers made of Vita Enamic® bonded to enamel or dentin. Fifty third molars were allocated into five groups (n=10): Group C - control (sound teeth); Group 0.3E - 0.3-mm-thick occlusal veneers bonded to enamel; Group 0.6E - 0.6-mm-thick occlusal veneers bonded to enamel; Group 0.3D - 0.3-mm-thick occlusal veneers bonded to dentin; Group 0.6D - 0.6-mm-thick occlusal veneers bonded to dentin. After luting with Single Bond Universal and Filtek Z-100, the samples were subjected to fracture strength test in a universal testing machine. The fractures were classified as irreparable and reparable. Data were analyzed with 2-way and 1-way ANOVA (α=.05) followed by Tukey's test. The teeth restored with 0.3-mm-thick occlusal veneers (2658 N) achieved significantly higher fracture strength compared to the teeth restored with 0.6-mm-thick occlusal veneers (2070 N) (p=0.017). The teeth restored with occlusal veneers bonded to enamel (2648 N) had significantly higher fracture strength compared to the teeth restored with occlusal veneers bonded to dentin (2049 N) (p=0.015). Group C (3355 N) and Group 0.3E (2965 N) did not differ significantly from each other, being the fracture strength significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.05). The fractures were predominantly reparable. The teeth restored with 0.3-mm-thick occlusal veneers achieved higher fracture strength compared to the teeth restored with 0.6-mm-thick occlusal veneers. The supporting substrate influenced the fracture strength, which was higher for the teeth restored with occlusal veneers bonded to enamel.

Resumo O objetivo foi avaliar, in vitro, a resistência à fratura de dentes restaurados com facetas oclusais de Vita Enamic® com 0,3 ou o,6 mm de espessura e cimentadas em esmalte ou dentina. Cinquenta terceiros molares foram distribuídos em grupos (n=10): Grupo C-controle (dentes hígidos); Grupo 0,3E - facetas oclusais com 0,3 mm de espessura cimentados em esmalte; Grupo 0,6E - facetas com 0,6 mm de espessura cimentados em esmalte; Grupo 0,3D - facetas com 0,3 mm de espessura cimentados em dentina; Grupo 0,6D - facetas com 0,6 mm de espessura cimentados em dentina. Após cimentação com Single Bond Universal Filtek Z-100, as amostras foram submetidas ao teste de resistência à fratura em máquina de ensaio universal. As falhas foram classificadas em reparáveis e irreparáveis. Os resultados foram analisados pelo teste ANOVA de duas vias e uma via (α=0,05) seguido do teste de Tukey. Os dentes restaurados com facetas oclusais com 0,3 mm de espessura (2658 N) obtiveram resistência à fratura estatisticamente superior aos dentes restaurados com facetas com 0,6 mm (2070 N) (p=0.017). Os dentes restaurados com facetas cimentadas em esmalte (2648 N) tiveram resistência à fratura estatisticamente maior comparada aos dentes restaurados com facetas cimentadas em dentina (2049 N) (p=0.015). Grupo C (3355 N) e Grupo 0,3E (2965 N) não diferiram estatisticamente entre si, tendo resistência à fratura estatisticamente superior aos outros grupos (p<0.05). As fraturas foram predominantemente reparáveis. Os dentes restaurados com facetas oclusais com 0,3 mm de espessura apresentaram maior resistência à fratura comparada aos dentes restaurados com facetas com 0,6 mm. O substrato influenciou a resistência à fratura dos dentes restaurados com facetas oclusais, sendo maior quando cimentadas ao esmalte.

Influência do uso do laser de Nd: YAG na resistência de união de materiais resinosos à dentina / YAG laser influence on bond strength of adhesive resins to dentin

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of Nd:YAG laser on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of different adhesive materials to human dentin. Eighteen human third molars were divided into 6 groups. Group 1 – adhesive system, Adper Single Bond 2 (SB); Group 2 – adhesive system, Clearfil SE Bond (CSEB); Group 3 – self-adhesive resin luting cement, RelyX Unicem; Group 4 – irradiation with Nd:YAG laser and application of SB; Group 5 – irradiation with Nd:YAG laser and application of CSEB; Group 6 – irradiation with Nd:YAG laser and application of RelyX Unicem. A composite resin block was built on the dentin surfaces, and sticks with a cross-sectional area of ~0.80 mm2 were obtained. Twenty specimens per group were selected and subjected to μTBS testing in a universal testing machine. According to the analysis of variance and Tukey test (α = 0.05), the highest μTBS mean was obtained with CSEB (41.75 MPa) without laser irradiation, but this value was not statistically different from CSEB with laser irradiation (33.42 MPa). Mean μTBS of SB without (32.15 MPa) and with (35.38 MPa) laser irradiation did not differ statistically. The lowest μTBS values were obtained for RelyX Unicem, and the group without laser irradiation showed statistically higher values (14.50 MPa) than those found with laser irradiation (7.53 MPa). Nd:YAG laser did not significantly reduce bond strength of the adhesive systems under study, except for the self-adhesive resin luting cement.

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a influência do laser Nd:YAG na resistência à microtração de diferentes materiais adesivos à dentina humana. Dezoito terceiros molares humanos foram divididos em 6 grupos. Grupo 1 – Adesivo Adper Single Bond 2 (SB), Grupo 2 – Adesivo Clearfil SE Bond (CSEB), Grupo 3 – Cimento resinoso autoadesivo RelyX Unicem, Grupo 4 – irradiação com laser de Nd:YAG e aplicação de SB, Grupo 5 – irradiação com laser de Nd:YAG e aplicação de CSEB e Grupo 6 – irradiação com laser de Nd:YAG e aplicação de RelyX Unicem. Um bloco de resina composta foi confeccionado sobre essas superfícies de dentina tratadas e os espécimes foram seccionados para obtenção de palitos de 0,80 mm2. Vinte espécimes foram selecionadas por grupo e submetidos a resistência adesiva à microtração (μTBS) em máquina de ensaio universal. De acordo com a análise de variância e teste de Tukey (α = 0,05), a maior média μTBS foi obtida com CSEB (41,75 MPa) sem irradiação por laser, esse valor não diferiu estatisticamente do CSEB com irradiação por laser (33,42 MPa ). A μTBS média de SB sem (32,15 MPa) e com (35,38 MPa) irradiação do laser não diferiram estatisticamente entre si. Os menores valores de μTBS foram obtidos para RelyX Unicem, sendo o valor sem irradiação por laser (14,50 MPa) estatisticamente superior ao com (7,53 MPa). O Laser de Nd: YAG não diminuiu significativamente a resistência de união dos sistemas adesivos estudados, apenas para o cimento resinoso autoadesivo.

Shrinkage stress of three composites under different polymerization methods.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the shrinkage stress of three composites under different polymerization methods: halogen conventional polymerization (G1), halogen "soft-start" polymerization (G2) and LED polymerization (G3). The composites tested were Filtek Z-100 (3M/ESPE), Filtek Z-250 (3M/ESPE) and Solitaire 2 (Heraeus Kulzer). For G1, an XL-3000 (3M/ESPE) curing unit with light intensity of 507 mW/cm2 was employed. In G2, the same light unit was used, but with a reduced light intensity in the first 20 s (166 mW/cm2). In G3, an Ultrablue I (DMC) LED curing unit with light intensity of 125 mW/cm2 was used. The test was performed with a DL 2000 (EMIC) universal testing machine and two metallic molds with a 1 mm space between them. The composites were inserted in the space between the molds and light cured according to the protocols mentioned above. Stress was registered in different periods of time: 10, 20, 40, 60, 90 and 120 s. A significant linear increase of the shrinkage stress over time was observed, except for Z-100 in G2. Generally, LED polymerization (G3) reduced the generated stress when compared to conventional halogen polymerization (G1). In G3, the composite with the additional co-initiator presented lower stress when compared to the other composites tested. The combination between composite and polymerization method produced different patterns of stress behavior. LED polymerization reduced the initial shrinkage stress of the three materials and was influenced by the presence of co-initiators in the composites.

Influence of dentin surface pre-treatment on microtensile bond strength of a single-bottle adhesive / Influência do pré-tratamento superficial da dentina na resistência de união à microtração de um sistema adesivo de frasco único

Purpose: This study evaluated the influence of different methods of dentin surface pre-treatment on microtensile bond strength and failure mode of a single-bottle adhesive. Methods: Twenty-four third molars were embedded in acrylic resin and ground until exposure of occlusal dentin. Six groups were tested according to the dentin surface pre-treatment: G1) 35% phosphoric acid (pa) (positive control); G2) slurry of pumice + pa; G3) air-abrasion with 25μm-aluminum oxide + pa; G3) air abrasion with 50μm-aluminum oxide + pa; G5) air abrasion with sodium carbonate + pa; G6) no treatment (negative control). The adhesive Single Bond (3M-ESPE) was applied on the dentin surface and photoactivated before a 6mm-height composite restoration was built (Z250, 3M-ESPE). After storage in distilled water at 37ºC for 24h, all specimens (sectional area of 1mm²) were subjected to a microtensile bond strength test at a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. Results: Bond strength mean values (MPa) were: G1=29.28, G2=21.04, G3=21.66, G4=18.94, G5=19.90, and G6=19.03. Only G1 was statistically different from the other groups (ANOVA and Tukey's test, α=0.05). SEM images of the adhesive interface after rupture showed prevalence of mixed failure type (adhesive fracture between dentin and adhesive agent plus partial cohesive fracture in the composite restoration or dentin) for all groups but G6. Conclusion: The use of cleaning agents on dentin surface might not be necessary for adhesive procedures with dentin total acid-etching.

Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou a influência de diferentes métodos de pré-tratamento da superfície dentinária sobre a resistência de união à microtração e modo de falha de um sistema adesivo de frasco único. Metodologia: Vinte e quarto terceiros molares foram incluídos em resina acrílica e desgastados até exposição da dentina oclusal. Seis grupos foram testados de acordo com o pré-tratamento da dentina: G1) ácido fosfórico a 35% (pa) (controle positivo); G2) pasta de pedra- pomes + pa; G3) jateamento com óxido de alumínio 25μm + pa; G3) jateamento com óxido de alumínio 50μm + pa; G5) jateamento com carbonato de sódio + pa; G6) sem tratamento (controle negativo). O sistema adesivo Single Bond (3M-ESPE) foi aplicado na superfície dentinária e fotoativado antes da simulação de uma restauração de resina de 6mm de altura (Z250, 3M-ESPE). Após armazenamento em água destilada a 37ºC por 24h, todos os espécimes (área transversal de 1mm²) foram submetidos ao teste de microtração à velocidade de 0,5mm/min. Resultados: Os valores médios de resistência de união (MPa) foram: G1=29,28; G2=21,04; G3=21,66; G4=18,94; G5=19,90; e G6=19,03. Somente o G1 foi estatisticamente diferente dos demais grupos (ANOVA e teste de Tukey, α=0,05). A observação em MEV da interface adesiva após ruptura mostrou prevalência de falha do tipo mista (fratura adesiva entre dentina e agente adesivo associada à fratura coesiva parcial na restauração de resina ou dentina) para todos os grupos, exceto G6. Conclusão: O uso de agentes de limpeza na superfície dentinária pode não ser necessário para procedimentos adesivos com condicionamento ácido total da dentina.

Shrinkage stress of three composites under different polymerization methods

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o estresse de contração de três resinas compostas sob diferentes métodos de fotoativação: fotoativação convencional halógena (G1), fotoativação "soft-start" halógena (G2) e fotoativação por LED (G3). As resinas compostas testadas foram a Filtek Z-100 (3M/ESPE), Filtek Z-250 (3M/ESPE) e Solitaire 2 (Heraeus Kulzer). Para G1, um aparelho fotoativador XL-3000 (3M/ESPE) com intensidade de 507 mW/cm2 foi empregado. Em G2, o mesmo aparelho foi utilizado, mas com a intensidade reduzida nos primeiros 20 s (166 mW/cm2); em G3 foi utilizado um fotoativador LED Ultrablue I (DMC) com intensidade de 125 mW/cm2. O teste foi realizado com uma máquina de ensaio universal DL 2000 (EMIC) e duas matrizes metálicas com um espaço de 1 mm entre elas. A resina composta foi inserida no espaço entre as matrizes e fotopolimerizada de acordo com o protocolo supracitado. O estresse foi registrado nos diferentes períodos de tempo: 10, 20, 40, 60, 90 e 120 s. Um aumento linear significante do estresse de contração em relação ao tempo foi observado, exceto para a Z-100 em G2. No geral, a fotoativação por LED (G3) reduziu o estresse gerado em comparação com a fotoativação convencional halógena (G1). Em G3, a resina com co-iniciador na sua composição apresentou menor estresse em comparação com as outras resinas testadas. A combinação entre resina composta e o método de fotoativação produziu diferentes padrões de comportamento do estresse. A polimerização com LED reduziu o estresse de contração inicial nos três materiais e foi influenciada pela presença de co-iniciadores nas resinas compostas.

Compatibilidade entre cimento resinoso quimicamente ativado e adesivos simplificados associados a um catalisador universal / Compatibility between self-cured resin cement and simplified photo- cured adhesives associated to a universal catalyst

Objetivos: Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a resistência de união de adesivos simplificados a um cimento resinoso quimicamente ativado, assim como o efeito de um catalisador universal sobre estes valores, e a associação entre o pH dos adesivos e a resistência de união com o cimento resinoso. Materiais e Métodos: Foi confeccionado um bloco do cimento C&B Cement (Bisco), sendo o adesivo aplicado sobre este, seguido da construção de um segundo bloco. Todos os adesivos simplificados foram utilizados com e sem o catalisador BondLink (Den-Mat). Estes foram embutidosem resina acrílica, mantidos em recipientes à prova de luz por 24 horas, sendo então seccionados para obtenção de palitos com aproximadamente 0,49mm2. Ao total foram obtidos 25 corpos-de-prova para cada grupo. O pH de cada adesivo foi medido com fitas medidoras. A resistência de união foi verificada por meio do teste de flexão de três pontos que foi realizado em máquina de ensaio universal EMIC DL-2000. Resultados: Os valores médios de resistência de união (MPa) para cada adesivo, sem e com a aplicação do BondLink, foram os seguintes, respectivamente: Scotchbond Multi Uso (111,17); Single Bond (103,49 e 74,66); One Step Plus (105,94 e 72,88); Clearfil SE Bond (106,27 e 39,82); AdheSE (101,27 e 59,38); Adper Prompt L-Pop (17,16 e 46,47). Conclusões: Houve incompatibilidade somente entre o adesivo Adper Prompt L-Pop e o cimento. O catalisador BondLink foi eficiente apenas para este adesivo. A união adesivo/cimento foi influenciada pelo pH dos adesivos

Influência de diferentes métodos para a realizaçäo de preparos cavitários - alta rotaçäo, laser de Er: YAG e a abrasäo a ar - sobre a resistência de uniäo de um sistema adesivo à dentina / Influence of different devices to shape cavity preparations - handpiece high-speed, Er: YAG laser and air abrasion - on the bond strength of a adhesive system to dentin

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, in vitro, a reistência de uniäo à traçäo do sistema adesivo Single Bond (3M)

Avaliaçäo da resistência à traçäo de um sistema adesivo à superfície interna de resinas compostas para restauraçöes indiretas / Effect of combination of surface treatments on the tensile bond strength of an adhesive system to resin composites for indirect restorations

O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar, in vitro, a resistência à traçäo do adesivo Single Bond (3M) aplicado sobre a superfície interna das resinas compostas para restauraçöes indiretas belleGlass (JenericPentron), Sculpture (SybronKerr) e Targis (Ivoclar) tratadas com laser de Er: YAG, ácido fluorídrico 10 por cento ou jateamento com óxido de alumínio. Setenta amostras de cada uma das resinas compostas para restauraçöes indiretas estudadas foram divididas em sete grupos de dez elementos cada: 1) controle (sem tratamento ); 2) laser de Er: YAG (200 mJ, 10 Hz, 25 J/cm², por 5 segundos a sem refrigeraçäo por spray de ar-água); 3) ácido fluorídrico 10 por cento (3 minutos); 4) jateamento com óxido de alumínio 50 µm por 10 segundos; 5) laser de Er: YAG + ácido fluorídrico; 6) óxido de alumínio + ácido fluorídrico; 7) silano (RelyX - 3M). Os valores médios obtidos mostraram que os grupos irradiados com o laser de Er: YAG apresentaram os maiores valores de resistência adesiva com diferen;a estatisticamente significante em relaçäo aos outros grupos tratados com óxido de alumínio ou ácido fluorídrico. O padräo predominante de falhas na interface adesivo/resina composta mostrou os seguintes resultados: belleGlass - 87 por cento mistas; Sculpture - 70 por cento mistas e o Targis - 50 por cento de falhas coesivas no corpo da resina. Na análise de compostos orgânicos através da espectrometria por infravermelho foram identificados radicais hidroxila (OH-) com comprimento de onda na faixa de 2,86 µm a 3,33 µm nas três resinas compostas indicando que a sua presen;a pode estar relacionada à eficiência do laser no processo de ablaçäo. A inspeçäo das superfícies com auxílio da MEV demonstrou que o laser de Er: YAG promoveu a ablaçäo das resinas compostas, o jateamento com óxido de alumínio formou uma superfície irregular semelhante à lascas e o ácido fluorídrico ocasionou porosidades. Assim sendo, foi possível concluir que a utilizaçäo de tratamentos de superfície tais como laser de Er: YAG com parâmetros de 200 mJ e freqüência de 10 Hz, ácido fluorídrico 10 por cento ou jateamento com óxido de alumínio podem alterar a morfologia de superfície das resinas compostas belleGlass, Sculpture e Targis de modo que o efeito promovido pode influir de modo significativo nos valores de resistência à traçäo do adesivo Single Bond...