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BACKGROUND: The goal was to analyze serums of GDM patients and healthy pregnant women using HPLC-MS and preliminarily screen differential metabolites by metabolomics. METHOD: Sixty pregnant women who underwent elective cesarean section at term in Dongguan Dalang Hospital from January 2023 to April 2023 were selected and divided into the GDM group and healthy pregnancy group. Pre-pregnancy and pregnancy examination information, such as age, BMI, OGTT results, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and other clinical data were col-lected for statistical analysis. Non-targeted metabolomics of serum from 30 GDM patients and 30 healthy pregnant women were studied by HPLC-MS, and different ions were searched. The structures of differential metabolites were identified by HMDB database. The metabolic pathways of differential metabolites were analyzed by KEGG database. RESULTS: The OGTT result, pCO2, pO2, HCO3, BE, Apgar score, and bilirubin levels in the GDM group were higher than those in the healthy pregnancy group (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in age, triglyceride, total cholesterol, newborn birth weight, newborn birth blood glucose, and blood gas pH between the two groups (all p > 0.05). Using p < 0.05 as the screening standard, 55 differential metabolites were identified in serum, mainly including fatty acyl, carboxylic acids and their derivatives, steroids and their derivatives, ketoacids and their derivatives, and pyrimidine nucleosides, etc., all of which were up-regulated or down-regulated to varying degrees. The 55 metabolites were mainly involved in the metabolism of pyrimidine, pyruvate, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and arachidonic acid, glycolysis, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS: The discovery of these metabolites provides a theoretical basis for an indepth understanding of GDM pathogenesis. Non-targeted metabonomics analysis of blood metabonomics research technology has shown great potential value in the early diagnosis of obstetric diseases and the study of disease mechanisms.
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Diabetes Gestacional , Metabolômica , Humanos , Feminino , Diabetes Gestacional/sangue , Diabetes Gestacional/diagnóstico , Diabetes Gestacional/metabolismo , Gravidez , Metabolômica/métodos , Adulto , Recém-Nascido , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Biomarcadores/sangueRESUMO
The safety of critical pressure equipment in elevated temperature is increasingly important. Moreover, the on-line monitoring method is potentially useful to improve their safety. A waveguide bar system can enable monitoring of critical equipment working in elevated temperature using reliable ultrasonic technology. Among the waveguide bar system, the matching mechanism of the transducer and the waveguide bar is crucial to propagate the pure fundamental quasi-shear mode (shorten for SH0*) wave. In the present research, the loading line sources that can excite pure SH0* wave are investigated and the anti-plane shear loading source is selected. The critical values about the geometric dimensions of the junctions between the piezoelectric transducer and the waveguide bar are explored by simulation and experiments. On the condition that the excitation sources satisfy the critical values, the loading can be approximated to an anti-plane shear one to excite the pure SH0* wave. Some waveguide bar systems are designed based on the simulated critical values and some experiments at high temperature are carried out. The experimental results verify that the designed waveguide bar systems can excite the pure SH0* wave at elevated temperatures, which verify the reliability of the simulated critical results.
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Pungency is a unique characteristic of chili peppers (Capsicum spp.) caused by capsaicinoids. The evolutionary emergence of pungency is thought to be a derived trait within the genus Capsicum. However, it is not well-known how pungency has varied during Capsicum domestication and specialization. In this study, we applied a comparative metabolomics along with transcriptomics analysis to assess various changes between two peppers (a mildly pungent cultivated pepper BB3 and its hot progenitor chiltepin) at four stages of fruit development, focusing on pungency variation. A total of 558 metabolites were detected in two peppers. In comparison with chiltepin, capsaicinoid accumulation in BB3 was almost negligible at the early stage. Next, 412 DEGs associated with the capsaicinoid accumulation pathway were identified through coexpression analysis, of which 18 genes (14 TFs, 3 CBGs, and 1 UGT) were deemed key regulators due to their high coefficients. Based on these data, we speculated that downregulation of these hub genes during the early fruit developmental stage leads to a loss in pungency during Capsicum domestication (from chiltepin to BB3). Of note, a putative UDP-glycosyltransferase, GT86A1, is thought to affect the stabilization of capsaicinoids. Our results lay the foundation for further research on the genetic diversity of pungency traits during Capsicum domestication and specialization.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by different levels of repetitive and stereotypic behavior as well as deficits in social interaction and communication. In this current study, we explored the changes in cerebral neural activities in ASD. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there exists a dysfunction of interactive information processing between the prefrontal cortex and posterior brain regions in ASD. We investigated the atypical connectivity and information flow between the prefrontal cortex and posterior brain regions in ASD utilizing the entropy connectivity (a kind of directional connectivity) method. Eighty-nine patients with ASD and 94 typical developing (TD) teenagers participated in this study. Two-sample t-tests revealed weakened interactive entropy connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and posterior brain regions. This result indicates that there exists interactive prefrontal-posterior underconnectivity in ASD, and this disorder might lead to less prior knowledge being used and updated. Our proposals highlighted that aforementioned atypical change might accelerate the deoptimization of brain networks in ASD.
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Rosuvastatin and atorvastatin both are high-intensity statins. However, which statin is more effective for the reversion of coronary atherosclerotic plaques remains inconclusive. We, therefore, conducted a meta-analysis to provide further evidence for proper statin selection. Pubmed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, Chinese BioMedicine, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were systematically searched for eligible publications. We also manually reviewed the references from all relevant literature for more trials. Only studies that met our predefined inclusion criteria up to March 31, 2015, were enrolled. Five randomized controlled trials, 4 published in English and 1 in Chinese, were finally included in our study with a total of 1,556 participants, of whom 772 were in the rosuvastatin group and 784 in the atorvastatin group. The dose ratios of rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin were 1:2 in all included trials. Pooling across the studies demonstrated that compared with atorvastatin, rosuvastatin administration further reduced the total atheroma volume (weighted mean difference [WMD] -1.61 mm(3), 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.70 to -0.52; p = 0.004) and percent atheroma volume (WMD -0.34%, 95% CI -0.64 to -0.03; p = 0.03) and improved the lumen volume more significantly (WMD 2.10 mm(3), 95% CI 0.04 to 4.17; p = 0.046). The comparative regression of plaques was not different across subgroups. In conclusion, rosuvastatin is superior to atorvastatin in the reversion of coronary atherosclerotic plaques.
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Atorvastatina/administração & dosagem , Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem , Placa Aterosclerótica/tratamento farmacológico , Rosuvastatina Cálcica/administração & dosagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/tratamento farmacológico , Progressão da Doença , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/administração & dosagem , Placa Aterosclerótica/diagnóstico por imagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Ultrassonografia de IntervençãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The associations of proteinuria and an elevated creatinine level with progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and death in the era of highly antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have not been fully described. METHODS: This analysis includes 2038 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Time to the development of a new AIDS-defining illness (ADI) and death was modeled using proportional hazards regression before the widespread availability of HAART and after initiation of HAART. RESULTS: Of the 2038 subjects, the 14.1% of women with proteinuria had lower CD4 lymphocyte counts and higher viral loads (P<.0001 for all) at baseline and before initiation of HAART. Before the widespread availability of HAART, proteinuria was associated with an increased risk for development of ADI (hazard ratio [HR], 1.37; P=.005), and proteinuria and an elevated creatinine level were both associated with an increased risk of death (for proteinuria: HR, 1.35 [P=.04]; for creatinine: HR, 1.72 per decrease in the inverse unit [P=.02]). Among women initiating HAART, an elevated creatinine level remained associated with an increased risk of development of ADI (HR, 1.54 per decrease in the inverse unit; P=.03), and proteinuria and an elevated creatinine level were associated with an increased risk of death (for proteinuria: HR, 2.07 [P=.005]; for creatinine: HR, 1.96 per decrease in the inverse unit [P=.04]). CONCLUSIONS: Proteinuria and an elevated creatinine level were associated with an increased risk of death and development of ADI. These associations may reflect the direct role of the kidney in modulating HIV disease, or they may act as markers of greater comorbidity.
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Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Nefropatias/complicações , Nefropatias/etiologia , Adulto , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Creatinina/sangue , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/mortalidade , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Proteinúria , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common in developing and postconflict countries. The purpose of this study is to examine longitudinal changes in PTSD in HIV-infected and uninfected Rwandan women who experienced the 1994 genocide. METHODS: Five hundred thirty-five HIV-positive and 163 HIV-negative Rwandan women in an observational cohort study were followed for 18 months. Data on PTSD symptoms were collected longitudinally by the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) and analyzed in relationship to demographics, HIV status, antiretroviral treatment (ART), and depression. PTSD was defined as a score on the HTQ of ≥2. RESULTS: There was a continuing reduction in HTQ scores at each follow-up visit. The prevalence of PTSD symptoms changed significantly, with 61% of the cohort having PTSD at baseline vs. 24% after 18 months. Women with higher HTQ score were most likely to have improvement in PTSD symptoms (p<0.0001). Higher rate of baseline depressive symptoms (p<0.0001) was associated with less improvement in PTSD symptoms. HIV infection and ART were not found to be consistently related to PTSD improvement. CONCLUSIONS: HIV care settings can become an important venue for the identification and treatment of psychiatric problems affecting women with HIV in postconflict and developing countries. Providing opportunities for women with PTSD symptoms to share their history of trauma to trained counselors and addressing depression, poverty, and ongoing violence may contribute to reducing symptoms.
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Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Sobreviventes/psicologia , Violência/psicologia , Guerra , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Aconselhamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Depressão/psicologia , Depressão/terapia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Estudos Longitudinais , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Estupro/psicologia , Ruanda , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/terapiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: During the 1994 Rwandan genocide, rape was used as a weapon of war to transmit HIV. This study measures trauma experiences of Rwandan women and identifies predictors associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms. METHODS: The Rwandan Women's Interassociation Study and Assessment (RWISA) is a prospective observational cohort study designed to assess effectiveness and toxicity of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected Rwandan women. In 2005, a Rwandan-adapted Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were used to assess genocide trauma events and prevalence of PTSD (HTQ mean > 2) and depressive symptoms (CES-D > or = 16) for 850 women (658 HIV-positive and 192 HIV-negative). RESULTS: PTSD was common in HIV-positive (58%) and HIV-negative women (66%) (p = 0.05). Women with HIV had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms than HIV-negative women (81% vs. 65%, p < 0.0001). Independent predictors for increased PTSD were experiencing more genocide-related trauma events and having more depressive symptoms. Independent predictors for increased depressive symptoms were making < $18 a month, HIV infection (and, among HIV-positive women, having lower CD4 cell counts), a history of genocidal rape, and having more PTSD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of PTSD and depressive symptoms is high in women in the RWISA cohort. Four of five HIV-infected women had depressive symptoms, with highest rates among women with CD4 cell counts < 200. In addition to treatment with antiretroviral therapy, economic empowerment and identification and treatment of depression and PTSD may reduce morbidity and mortality among women in postconflict countries.
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Depressão/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/epidemiologia , Sobreviventes/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde da Mulher , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Comorbidade , Depressão/psicologia , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/psicologia , Infecções por HIV/terapia , Humanos , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Ruanda/epidemiologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/terapia , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Sobreviventes/psicologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Data on human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence are essential for developing cost-effective cervical cancer prevention programs. METHODS: In 2005, 710 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and 226 HIV-negative Rwandan women enrolled in an observational prospective cohort study. Sociodemographic data, CD4+ cell counts, and cervical specimens were obtained. Cervicovaginal lavage specimens were collected from each woman and tested for >40 HPV types by a polymerase chain reaction assay; HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68 were considered primary carcinogenic HPV types. RESULTS: The prevalence of HPV was higher in HIV-positive women than in HIV-negative women in all age groups. Among HIV-infected women, 69% were positive for >or=1 HPV type, 46% for a carcinogenic HPV type, and 10% for HPV-16. HPV prevalence peaked at 75% in the HIV-positive women aged 25-34 years and then declined with age to 37.5% in those >or=55 years old (Ptrend<.001). A significant trend of higher prevalence of HPV and carcinogenic HPV with lower CD4+ cell counts and increasing cytologic severity was seen among HIV-positive women. CONCLUSIONS: We found a higher prevalence of HPV infection in HIV-positive than in HIV-negative Rwandan women, and the prevalence of HPV and carcinogenic HPV infection decreased with age.