[Social, clinical and psychosocial determinants associated with uncontrolled arterial hypertension in older adults. SABE Survey Colombia 2016]. / Determinantes sociales, clínicos y psicosociales asociados a hipertensión arterial no controlada en adultos mayores. Encuesta SABE Colombia 2016.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sociodemographic, clinical and psychosocial characteristics that are associated with uncontrolled arterial hypertension (HANC) in older adults in Colombia. METHODS: Secondary analysis of data from the National Survey of Health, Welfare and Aging (SABE Colombia 2016), in which men and women aged 60 years or older in the country who were not institutionalized were interviewed. The dependent variable was uncontrolled hypertension (HANC) (≥140/90mm Hg). The SABE survey surveyed 23694 older adults; 11264 had a diagnosis of arterial hypertension (HTA) and were taking antihypertensive medication. On the other hand, 5106 older adults, randomly selected, had their blood pressure taken. Participants previously diagnosed with HTA under medical management with antihypertensives and who had had their blood pressure taken at the same time were included, resulting in a sample of 2656 participants. Sociodemographic, clinical and psychosocial characteristics were evaluated. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyzes with logistic regression were performed. RESULTS: One thousand one hundred eighty-eight (44.7%) participants presented HANC. A higher prevalence of HANC was observed in adults older than 74 years (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.09-1.57) and lower prevalence in residents of urban areas (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.42-0.71). CONCLUSIONS: Age over 74 years and living in a rural area were identified as variables associated with inadequate blood pressure control in non-institutionalized older adults in Colombia.

Cultural adaptation and validation of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index - GOHAI - Colombian version.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to carry out the cultural adaptation and the validation of the GOHAI scale for the Colombian population. METHODS: Translation process, cultural adaptation, and content and face validity were carried out with a sample of 63 participants as a pretest. The validation counted with a sample of 7,200 subjects, divided into two groups: a work sample (WS) with 3,628 subjects and a confirmatory sample (CS) with 3,572 subjects. Construct, criterion validity and internal consistency were performed for both samples. Test-retest reliability was assessed with a sub-sample of 75 participants. RESULTS: The GOHAI showed an appropriate face and content validity, the pre-test revealed an understandable questionnaire, the scale showed a unidimensional factorial structure and a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.8. Convergent validity with a self-perception on general health scale pointed to a significant correlation (p= 0.0001), while discriminant validity showed significant differences regarding groups according to age group, skin color, educational level, socio-economic level, healthcare affiliation and self-perception about need of dental prostheses. Gender groups did not show significant differences among groups within either sample. The CS showed similar results, differences existed among factorial structures of 2 and 3 factors, and for discriminant validity, the CS showed statistically significant differences for the Area variable not in the WS. Kendall's test-retest analysis's correlation is 0.85 (p= 0.0000). CONCLUSIONS: The GOHAI scale is valid and reliable enough to be used as a measure of Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life in the Colombian elderly population, also could be applied for other Latin-American populations.

OBJETIVO: Adaptar culturalmente y validar la escala de autopercepción de salud bucal - Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) para la población mayor colombiana. MÉTODOS: El proceso de traducción, adaptación cultural, contenido y validez aparente se llevaron a cabo en el pre-test con una muestra de 63 participantes. La validación contó con una muestra de 7,200 sujetos, divididos en dos grupos: una muestra de trabajo (WS) con 3,628 sujetos y una muestra confirmatoria (CS) con 3,572 sujetos. Se realizó validez de constructo, criterio y consistencia interna para ambas muestras. La confiabilidad test-re-test se evaluó con una submuestra de 75 participantes. RESULTADOS: La escala GOHAI mostró condiciones adecuadas de apariencia y contenido, El pre-test mostro un cuestionario entendible y adecuado, la escala arrojo una estructura factorial única y una consistencia interna Alfa de Cronbach de 0,8. La validez convergente con la variable autopercepción en salud general mostró diferencia significativa entre grupos (p= 0.0001), la validez discriminante mostro diferencias significativas con las variables grupo de edad, color de piel, nivel educativo, estrato socio-económico, regímenes de salud y autopercepción de necesidad de prótesis dental; la variable Área mostró diferencia significativa en la MC, no en la muestra MT. El análisis test-retest mostro una correlación de Kendall de 0.85 (p= 0.0000). CONCLUSIÓN: El instrumento GOHAI es válido y confiable y puede ser usado como una medida de Calidad de Vida relacionada con Salud Bucal en personas mayores en Colombia y puede ser aplicado en otras poblaciones de habla hispana de América Latina.

[Conceptualization of institutional elderly caregiver in Colombia]. / Conceptualización de cuidador institucional de persona mayor en Colombia.

OBJECTIVE: To conceptualize institutional elderly caregiver in Colombia as formal caregivers. METHODS: A documentary review was carried out using a qualitative and descriptive approach, in order to analyze the work of institutional caregivers based on two dimensions: the internal dimension to realize their reality according to the study entitled "Institutional Caregiver: characterization, current situation and support networks - Colombia 2013", and the external dimension to recognize the perspective of the State and the academy on the issue. RESULTS: It was possible to see that, although Colombia has made progress on regulation matters, the country has not yet fully developed a care system for the elderly that articulates actors and responsibilities of care providers (individuals, families, civil society and the State). CONCLUSIONS: Elements are provided to understand institutional care and establish specific care training, the formal link between a care delivery institution and the surveillance-control scheme to conceptualize institutional elderly caregivers in Colombia as formal caregivers and thus fulfill some State and society goals.

OBJETIVO: Conceptualizar el cuidador institucional de persona mayor en Colombia como cuidador formal. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó una revisión documental desde un enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo para analizar la labor del cuidador institucional en dos dimensiones: Interna para reconocer la realidad según el estudio "Cuidador Institucional: caracterización, situación actual y redes de apoyo - Colombia 2013 y la Externa para reconocer la mirada del Estado y de la Academia. RESULTADOS: Permitieron argumentar que si bien Colombia ha avanzado normativamente, aun no desarrolla completamente un sistema de cuidado para personas mayores que articule actores y responsabilidades de los proveedores de cuidado (individuo, familia, sociedad civil y Estado). CONCLUSIONES: Se aportan elementos para comprender el cuidado institucional y para establecer la formación específica en cuidado, la vinculación formal con la institución de cuidado y el esquema de vigilancia - control como conceptualización del cuidador institucional de la persona mayor en Colombia como Cuidador Formal y así dar cumplimiento de algunas metas estatales y de la sociedad colombiana.

Determinantes sociales, clínicos y psicosociales asociados a hipertensión arterial no controlada en adultos mayores. Encuesta SABE Colombia 2016 / Social, clinical and psychosocial determinants associated with uncontrolled arterial hypertension in older adults. SABE Survey Colombia 2016

Objetivo: Evaluar características sociodemográficas, clínicas y psicosociales que se asocian con la hipertensión arterial no controlada (HANC) en adultos mayores en Colombia.Métodos: Análisis secundario de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento (SABE) Colombia 2016, en la que se entrevistaron a varones y mujeres de 60 años o más en el país, quienes no se encontraban institucionalizados. La variable dependiente fue la hipertensión arterial no controlada (HANC) (≥140/90mmHg). La encuesta SABE encuestó a 23.694 adultos mayores; 11.264 tenían diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial (HTA) y estaban tomando medicación antihipertensiva. Por otro lado, a 5.106 adultos mayores, seleccionados de manera aleatoria, les realizaron toma de la presión arterial. Se incluyeron participantes previamente diagnosticados con HTA en manejo médico con anti-hipertensivos y que al mismo tiempo se les hubiese tomado la presión arterial resultando una muestra final de 2.656 participantes a los que se les evaluaron características sociodemográficas, clínicas y psicosociales. Se realizó un análisis univariado, bivariado y multivariado con regresión logística.Resultados: Mil ciento ochenta y ocho (44,7%) participantes presentaron HANC. Se observó una mayor prevalencia de HANC en adultos mayores de 74 años (OR: 1,31; IC 95%: 1,09-1,57) y menor prevalencia en los residentes en zonas urbanas (OR: 0,55; IC 95%: 0,42-0,71).Conclusiones: La edad mayor a 74 años y residir en área rural fueron identificados como variables asociadas a un inadecuado control de la presión arterial en adultos mayores no institucionalizados en Colombia. (AU)

Objective: To evaluate sociodemographic, clinical and psychosocial characteristics that are associated with uncontrolled arterial hypertension (HANC) in older adults in Colombia.Methods: Secondary analysis of data from the National Survey of Health, Welfare and Aging (SABE Colombia 2016), in which men and women aged 60 years or older in the country who were not institutionalized were interviewed. The dependent variable was uncontrolled hypertension (HANC) (≥140/90mm Hg). The SABE survey surveyed 23694 older adults; 11264 had a diagnosis of arterial hypertension (HTA) and were taking antihypertensive medication. On the other hand, 5106 older adults, randomly selected, had their blood pressure taken. Participants previously diagnosed with HTA under medical management with antihypertensives and who had had their blood pressure taken at the same time were included, resulting in a sample of 2656 participants. Sociodemographic, clinical and psychosocial characteristics were evaluated. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyzes with logistic regression were performed.Results: One thousand one hundred eighty-eight (44.7%) participants presented HANC. A higher prevalence of HANC was observed in adults older than 74 years (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.09-1.57) and lower prevalence in residents of urban areas (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.42–0.71).Conclusions: Age over 74 years and living in a rural area were identified as variables associated with inadequate blood pressure control in non-institutionalized older adults in Colombia. (AU)

Cultural adaptation and validation of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index - GOHAI - Colombian version / Adaptación cultural y validación del Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index - GOHAI - versión Colombia

Abstract Objective: This study aims to carry out the cultural adaptation and the validation of the GOHAI scale for the Colombian population. Methods: Translation process, cultural adaptation, and content and face validity were carried out with a sample of 63 participants as a pretest. The validation counted with a sample of 7,200 subjects, divided into two groups: a work sample (WS) with 3,628 subjects and a confirmatory sample (CS) with 3,572 subjects. Construct, criterion validity and internal consistency were performed for both samples. Test-retest reliability was assessed with a sub-sample of 75 participants Results: The GOHAI showed an appropriate face and content validity, the pre-test revealed an understandable questionnaire, the scale showed a unidimensional factorial structure and a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.8. Convergent validity with a self-perception on general health scale pointed to a significant correlation (p= 0.0001), while discriminant validity showed significant differences regarding groups according to age group, skin color, educational level, socio-economic level, healthcare affiliation and self-perception about need of dental prostheses. Gender groups did not show significant differences among groups within either sample. The CS showed similar results, differences existed among factorial structures of 2 and 3 factors, and for discriminant validity, the CS showed statistically significant differences for the Area variable not in the WS. Kendall's test-retest analysis's correlation is 0.85 (p= 0.0000). Conclusions: The GOHAI scale is valid and reliable enough to be used as a measure of Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life in the Colombian elderly population, also could be applied for other Latin-American populations.

Resumen Objetivo: Adaptar culturalmente y validar la escala de autopercepción de salud bucal - Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) para la población mayor colombiana. Métodos: El proceso de traducción, adaptación cultural, contenido y validez aparente se llevaron a cabo en el pre-test con una muestra de 63 participantes. La validación contó con una muestra de 7,200 sujetos, divididos en dos grupos: una muestra de trabajo (WS) con 3,628 sujetos y una muestra confirmatoria (CS) con 3,572 sujetos. Se realizó validez de constructo, criterio y consistencia interna para ambas muestras. La confiabilidad test-re-test se evaluó con una submuestra de 75 participantes. Resultados: La escala GOHAI mostró condiciones adecuadas de apariencia y contenido, El pre-test mostro un cuestionario entendible y adecuado, la escala arrojo una estructura factorial única y una consistencia interna Alfa de Cronbach de 0,8. La validez convergente con la variable autopercepción en salud general mostró diferencia significativa entre grupos (p= 0.0001), la validez discriminante mostro diferencias significativas con las variables grupo de edad, color de piel, nivel educativo, estrato socio-económico, regímenes de salud y autopercepción de necesidad de prótesis dental; la variable Área mostró diferencia significativa en la MC, no en la muestra MT. El análisis test-retest mostro una correlación de Kendall de 0.85 (p= 0.0000). Conclusión: El instrumento GOHAI es válido y confiable y puede ser usado como una medida de Calidad de Vida relacionada con Salud Bucal en personas mayores en Colombia y puede ser aplicado en otras poblaciones de habla hispana de América Latina.

Conceptualización de cuidador institucional de persona mayor en Colombia / Conceptualization of institutional elderly caregiver in Colombia

RESUMEN Objetivo Conceptualizar el cuidador institucional de persona mayor en Colombia como cuidador formal. Metodología Se realizó una revisión documental desde un enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo para analizar la labor del cuidador institucional en dos dimensiones: Interna para reconocer la realidad según el estudio "Cuidador Institucional: caracterización, situación actual y redes de apoyo - Colombia 2013 y la Externa para reconocer la mirada del Estado y de la Academia. Resultados Permitieron argumentar que si bien Colombia ha avanzado normativamente, aun no desarrolla completamente un sistema de cuidado para personas mayores que articule actores y responsabilidades de los proveedores de cuidado (individuo, familia, sociedad civil y Estado). Conclusiones Se aportan elementos para comprender el cuidado institucional y para establecer la formación específica en cuidado, la vinculación formal con la institución de cuidado y el esquema de vigilancia - control como conceptualización del cuidador institucional de la persona mayor en Colombia como Cuidador Formal y así dar cumplimiento de algunas metas estatales y de la sociedad colombiana.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To conceptualize institutional elderly caregiver in Colombia as formal caregivers. Methods A documentary review was carried out using a qualitative and descriptive approach, in order to analyze the work of institutional caregivers based on two dimensions: the internal dimension to realize their reality according to the study entitled "Institutional Caregiver: characterization, current situation and support networks - Colombia 2013", and the external dimension to recognize the perspective of the State and the academy on the issue. Results It was possible to see that, although Colombia has made progress on regulation matters, the country has not yet fully developed a care system for the elderly that articulates actors and responsibilities of care providers (individuals, families, civil society and the State). Conclusions Elements are provided to understand institutional care and establish specific care training, the formal link between a care delivery institution and the surveillance-control scheme to conceptualize institutional elderly caregivers in Colombia as formal caregivers and thus fulfill some State and society goals.(AU)