Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 4 de 4
Filtrar
1.
Clin Exp Ophthalmol ; 39(4): 330-5, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21649809

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: To estimate the rate of uncorrected refractive error and the associations with gender, age, ethnicity and place of residence. DESIGN: Population-based study. PARTICIPANTS: Secondary school students in the Central Division of Fiji. METHODS: All 58 secondary schools in the Central Division of Fiji were invited to participate and one class per year level at each participating school was randomly selected for screening. Visual acuity was tested using a logMAR chart and pinhole. Outcomes of screening included normal vision, corrected refractive error, uncorrected refractive error (VA <6/12 and improvement to ≥ 6/12 with pinhole (myopia) or hyperopia (tested with +2.00-D lens) and low vision (corrected VA <6/18). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Prevalence of uncorrected refractive error. RESULTS: The participation rate of schools was 91% with 8201 students aged 12-20 years; 8021 students had normal vision; 180 had impaired vision (166 refractive error and 14 low vision). The rate of refractive error was 2.0% (95% CI: 1.7-2.3). Indian students were nearly 6 times more likely (OR: 5.89; 95% CI: 4.17-8.34; P < 0.001) to have refractive error than Fijians. The rate of uncorrected refractive error was 0.9% (95% CI: 0.7-1.1) in Fijian students (OR: 2.89; 95% CI: 1.37-6.10; P = 0.01) and those living in rural areas (OR: 3.28; 95% CI: 1.32-8.16; P = 0.01) were more likely to have uncorrected refractive error. The rate decreased by 20% (95% CI: 4.0-33.0) with each year of increasing age. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error in children is relatively low in Fiji with higher rates in Fijian and rural children.


Assuntos
Erros de Refração/etnologia , Seleção Visual , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Criança , Feminino , Fiji/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Erros de Refração/diagnóstico , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Distribuição por Sexo , Estudantes , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Acuidade Visual/fisiologia , Adulto Jovem
2.
J Infect ; 80(4): 454-461, 2020 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32017971

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: In the peri-elimination setting, the positive predictive value of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF), the primary marker used to determine need for antibiotics for trachoma, is suboptimal. Here, three non-TF measures are used to compare two regions where TF prevalence exceeds the threshold for intervention, but where the Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) prevalence is different. METHODS: Population prevalence of trachoma was measured in Vanuatu (n = 3470) and Kiribati (n = 2922). Dried blood spots (DBS) and conjunctival photographs were collected from every survey participant, and conjunctival swabs were collected from those aged 1-9 years. Individuals were tested for blood anti-Pgp3 antibodies, Ct DNA at the conjunctiva and severity of conjunctival scarring. RESULTS: The prevalence of TF in 1-9-year-olds was 16.5% in Vanuatu and 38.2% in Tarawa. 7% of people aged ≥1 year in Vanuatu had conjunctival scarring compared to 27% in Tarawa. The prevalence of ocular Ct infection in 1-9-year-olds was 1.5% in Vanuatu and 27.4% in Tarawa. The seroconversion rate amongst 1-9-year-old children in Vanuatu and Tarawa was 0.018 and 0.197 events per child per year, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Comparing Vanuatu to Tarawa demonstrates several markers that could be used to differentiate the trachoma status of populations in these (and other) locations.


Assuntos
Tracoma , Idoso , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Chlamydia trachomatis , Cicatriz/tratamento farmacológico , Cicatriz/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Micronésia , Tracoma/tratamento farmacológico , Tracoma/epidemiologia , Vanuatu
3.
Enferm Intensiva ; 14(4): 148-55, 2003.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14678708

RESUMO

In most of the textbooks, it is considered that the balance calculated after admission and the losses measured and/or estimated is an inexact way of establishing the real balance. Thus daily monitoring of the weight variations is recommended as a single possible alternative. On the other hand, there are few studies that have strictly studied the reliability of the fluid balance calculated. We also have not found any study in middle-long stay critical patients. These circumstances have led us to design an observational prospective study that will allow us to know if the accumulated balance calculated after admission and loses adequately reflect the weight changes in middle-long stay patients. We include 20 patients who were weighed every 48 hours (at least 3 times each one) and we compare the weight changes with the balances calculated. We find that, above all after the 6th day, the accumulated balance calculated adequately reflected the weight changes (mean error/day < 250 ml), regardless of the presence or not of fever, sweat, oral diet, feces or mechanical ventilation. When weight on admission to the ICU was less than 75 kg, the changes in the balance calculated adjusted even more to the weight change, the contrary occurring when the weight was greater than 75 kg. These findings suggest that the accumulated balance calculated represents a valid alternative to daily weighing of the patients and that factors such as body mass and/or surface should be taken into account to reach more exact estimations.


Assuntos
Peso Corporal , Monitorização Fisiológica/métodos , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
4.
Enferm. intensiva (Ed. impr.) ; 14(4): 148-155, oct. 2003.
Artigo em Es | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-25500

RESUMO

En la mayoría de los libros de texto se considera que el balance calculado a partir de los ingresos y las pérdidas medidas y/o estimadas, es una forma inexacta de establecer el balance real, y por ello se recomienda la monitorización diaria de las variaciones ponderales como única alternativa posible. Por otro lado, existen pocos estudios que hayan estudiado con rigor la fiabilidad del balance hídrico calculado, y además, no hemos encontrado ningún estudio en enfermos críticos de media-larga estancia. Estas circunstancias nos han motivado para diseñar un estudio prospectivo observacional que nos permitiera conocer si el balance acumulado calculado a partir de ingresos y pérdidas refleja adecuadamente los cambios ponderales en enfermos de media-larga estancia. Incluimos 20 enfermos que se pesaron cada 48 h (al menos 3 veces cada uno) y contrastamos los cambios ponderales con los balances calculados. Encontramos que, sobre todo a partir del sexto día, el balance acumulado calculado reflejó adecuadamente los cambios ponderales (error medio/día < 250 ml), independientemente de la presencia o no de fiebre, sudor, dieta oral, heces o ventilación mecánica. Cuando el peso al ingreso en UCI fue menor de 75 kg, los cambios en el balance calculado se ajustaron aún más al cambio ponderal, y sucedía lo contrario cuando el peso superaba los 75 kg. Estos hallazgos sugieren que el balance acumulado calculado representa una alternativa válida al pesaje diario de los enfermos, y que factores como la masa y/o la superficie corporal deben ser tenidos en cuenta para alcanzar estimaciones más exactas (AU)


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico , Peso Corporal , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Monitorização Fisiológica , Estudos Prospectivos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA