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1.
J Med Genet ; 53(2): 113-22, 2016 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26566881

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a worldwide diffuse musculoskeletal chronic pain condition that affects up to 5% of the general population. Many symptoms associated with mitochondrial diseases are reported in patients with FM such as exercise intolerance, fatigue, myopathy and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we report a mutation in cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in a family with FM with inflammasome complex activation. METHODS: mtDNA from blood cells of five patients with FM were sequenced. We clinically and genetically characterised a patient with FM and family with a new mutation in mtCYB. Mitochondrial mutation phenotypes were determined in skin fibroblasts and transmitochondrial cybrids. RESULTS: After mtDNA sequence in patients with FM, we found a mitochondrial homoplasmic mutation m.15804T>C in the mtCYB gene in a patient and family, which was maternally transmitted. Mutation was observed in several tissues and skin fibroblasts showed a very significant mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Increased NLRP3-inflammasome complex activation was observed in blood cells from patient and family. CONCLUSIONS: We propose further studies on mtDNA sequence analysis in patients with FM with evidences for maternal inheritance. The presence of similar symptoms in mitochondrial myopathies could unmask mitochondrial diseases among patients with FM. On the other hand, the inflammasome complex activation by mitochondrial dysfunction could be implicated in the pathophysiology of mitochondrial diseases.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Transporte/genética , Citocromos b/genética , Fibromialgia/genética , Inflamassomos/genética , Mutação , Adulto , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Citocromos b/química , Citocromos b/metabolismo , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Feminino , Fibromialgia/patologia , Humanos , Inflamassomos/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mitocôndrias/genética , Mitocôndrias/patologia , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR , Linhagem
2.
Biochim Biophys Acta ; 1852(7): 1257-67, 2015 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25779083

RESUMO

Impaired AMPK is associated with a wide spectrum of clinical and pathological conditions, ranging from obesity, altered responses to exercise or metabolic syndrome, to inflammation, disturbed mitochondrial biogenesis and defective response to energy stress. Fibromyalgia (FM) is a world-wide diffused musculoskeletal chronic pain condition that affects up to 5% of the general population and comprises all the above mentioned pathophysiological states. Here, we tested the involvement of AMPK activation in fibroblasts derived from FM patients. AMPK was not phosphorylated in fibroblasts from FM patients and was associated with decreased mitochondrial biogenesis, reduced oxygen consumption, decreased antioxidant enzymes expression levels and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, mtDNA sequencing analysis did not show any important alterations which could justify the mitochondrial defects. AMPK activation in FM fibroblast was impaired in response to moderate oxidative stress. In contrast, AMPK activation by metformin or incubation with serum from caloric restricted mice improved the response to moderate oxidative stress and mitochondrial metabolism in FM fibroblasts. These results suggest that AMPK plays an essential role in FM pathophysiology and could represent the basis for a valuable new therapeutic target/strategy. Furthermore, both metformin and caloric restriction could be an interesting therapeutic approach in FM.


Assuntos
Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/metabolismo , Restrição Calórica , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Fibromialgia/metabolismo , Metformina/farmacologia , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Adulto , Animais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Células Cultivadas , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Feminino , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo
3.
Hippocampus ; 25(1): 51-61, 2015 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25139443

RESUMO

There is evidence that adult hippocampal neurogenesis influences hippocampal function, although the role these neurons fulfill in learning and consolidation processes remains unclear. Using a novel fast X-ray ablation protocol to deplete neurogenic cells, we demonstrate that immature adult hippocampal neurons are required for hippocampal learning and long-term memory formation. Moreover, we found that long-term memory formation in the object recognition and passive avoidance tests, two paradigms that involve circuits with distinct emotional components, had different temporal demands on hippocampal neurogenesis. These results reveal new and unexpected aspects of neurogenesis in cognitive processes.


Assuntos
Hipocampo/fisiologia , Aprendizagem/fisiologia , Memória de Longo Prazo/fisiologia , Neurogênese/fisiologia , Neurônios/fisiologia , Animais , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Neurogênese/efeitos da radiação , Reconhecimento Psicológico/fisiologia
4.
Nat Commun ; 12(1): 49, 2021 01 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33397961

RESUMO

Aging and fertility are two interconnected processes. From invertebrates to mammals, absence of the germline increases longevity. Here we show that loss of function of sul-2, the Caenorhabditis elegans steroid sulfatase (STS), raises the pool of sulfated steroid hormones, increases longevity and ameliorates protein aggregation diseases. This increased longevity requires factors involved in germline-mediated longevity (daf-16, daf-12, kri-1, tcer-1 and daf-36 genes) although sul-2 mutations do not affect fertility. Interestingly, sul-2 is only expressed in sensory neurons, suggesting a regulation of sulfated hormones state by environmental cues. Treatment with the specific STS inhibitor STX64, as well as with testosterone-derived sulfated hormones reproduces the longevity phenotype of sul-2 mutants. Remarkably, those treatments ameliorate protein aggregation diseases in C. elegans, and STX64 also Alzheimer's disease in a mammalian model. These results open the possibility of reallocating steroid sulfatase inhibitors or derivates for the treatment of aging and aging related diseases.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/enzimologia , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Caenorhabditis elegans/enzimologia , Caenorhabditis elegans/fisiologia , Longevidade , Esteril-Sulfatase/metabolismo , Sulfatases/metabolismo , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Epistasia Genética , Gônadas/metabolismo , Camundongos , Fenótipo , Células Receptoras Sensoriais/metabolismo , Esteroides/metabolismo
5.
Hippocampus ; 20(5): 584-95, 2010 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19603520

RESUMO

Neuropsychological analyses of amnesic patients, as well as lesion experiments, indicate that the temporal lobe is essential for the encoding, storage, and expression of object recognition memory (ORM). However, temporal lobe structures directly involved in the consolidation and reconsolidation of these memories are not yet well-defined. We report here that systemic administration of a protein synthesis inhibitor before or up to 4 h after training or reactivation sessions impairs consolidation and reconsolidation of ORM, without affecting short-term memory. We have also observed that ORM reconsolidation is sensitive to protein synthesis inhibition, independently of the ORM trace age. Using bdnf and egr-1 gene expression analysis, we defined temporal lobe areas related to consolidation and reconsolidation of ORM. Training and reactivation 21 days after ORM acquisition sessions provoked changes in bdnf mRNA in somatosensory, perirhinal, and hippocampal cortices. Reactivation 2 days after the training session elicited changes in bdnf and egr-1 mRNA in entorhinal and prefrontal cortices, while reactivation 9 days post-training provoked an increase in egr-1 transcription in somatosensory and entorhinal cortices. The differences in activated circuits and in the capacity to recall the memory trace after 9 or 21 days post-training suggest that memory trace suffers functional changes in this period of time. All these results indicate that the functional state of the recognition memory trace, from acquisition to forgetting, can be specifically defined by behavioral, circuitry, and molecular properties.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Aprendizagem por Discriminação/fisiologia , Comportamento Exploratório/fisiologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Transtornos da Memória/fisiopatologia , Reconhecimento Psicológico/fisiologia , 4-Aminopiridina/farmacologia , Fatores Etários , Animais , Anisomicina/farmacologia , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Encéfalo/anatomia & histologia , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/genética , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Aprendizagem por Discriminação/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína 1 de Resposta de Crescimento Precoce/genética , Proteína 1 de Resposta de Crescimento Precoce/metabolismo , Comportamento Exploratório/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Imidazóis , Masculino , Transtornos da Memória/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos da Memória/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Vias Neurais/efeitos dos fármacos , Vias Neurais/metabolismo , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Potássio/farmacologia , Inibidores da Síntese de Proteínas/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-fos/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-fos/metabolismo , Piridinas , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Reconhecimento Psicológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Tempo
6.
Genome Biol ; 21(1): 267, 2020 10 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33100228

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: One of the most unusual sources of phylogenetically restricted genes is the molecular domestication of transposable elements into a host genome as functional genes. Although these kinds of events are sometimes at the core of key macroevolutionary changes, their origin and organismal function are generally poorly understood. RESULTS: Here, we identify several previously unreported transposable element domestication events in the human and mouse genomes. Among them, we find a remarkable molecular domestication that gave rise to a multigenic family in placental mammals, the Bex/Tceal gene cluster. These genes, which act as hub proteins within diverse signaling pathways, have been associated with neurological features of human patients carrying genomic microdeletions in chromosome X. The Bex/Tceal genes display neural-enriched patterns and are differentially expressed in human neurological disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia. Two different murine alleles of the cluster member Bex3 display morphological and physiopathological brain modifications, such as reduced interneuron number and hippocampal electrophysiological imbalance, alterations that translate into distinct behavioral phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: We provide an in-depth understanding of the emergence of a gene cluster that originated by transposon domestication and gene duplication at the origin of placental mammals, an evolutionary process that transformed a non-functional transposon sequence into novel components of the eutherian genome. These genes were integrated into existing signaling pathways involved in the development, maintenance, and function of the CNS in eutherians. At least one of its members, Bex3, is relevant for higher brain functions in placental mammals and may be involved in human neurological disorders.


Assuntos
Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/genética , Elementos de DNA Transponíveis , Domesticação , Eutérios/genética , Família Multigênica , Animais , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/genética , Encéfalo , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Evolução Molecular , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Filogenia , Placenta , Gravidez , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética
7.
Mol Cell Neurosci ; 39(2): 193-201, 2008 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18638560

RESUMO

Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are enzymes that maintain chromatin in a condensate state, related with absence of transcription. We have studied the role of HDAC on learning and memory processes. Both eyeblink classical conditioning (EBCC) and object recognition memory (ORM) induced an increase in histone H3 acetylation (Ac-H3). Systemic treatment with HDAC inhibitors improved cognitive processes in EBCC and in ORM tests. Immunohistochemistry and gene expression analyses indicated that administration of HDAC inhibitors decreased the stimulation threshold for Ac-H3, and gene expression to reach the levels required for learning and memory. Finally, we evaluated the effect of systemic administration of HDAC inhibitors to mice models of neurodegeneration and aging. HDAC inhibitors reversed learning and consolidation deficits in ORM in these models. These results point out HDAC inhibitors as candidate agents for the palliative treatment of learning and memory impairments in aging and in neurodegenerative disorders.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento/genética , Condicionamento Clássico/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases , Memória/fisiologia , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/fisiopatologia , Acetilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Análise de Variância , Animais , Aprendizagem por Associação/efeitos dos fármacos , Piscadela/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/uso terapêutico , Histonas/metabolismo , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/farmacologia , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/uso terapêutico , Ácido Caínico , Masculino , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Camundongos Mutantes , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/tratamento farmacológico , Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Tempo
8.
Mol Neurobiol ; 55(2): 1157-1168, 2018 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28102468

RESUMO

Tambaleante (tbl/tbl) is a mutant mouse that carries a spontaneous Gly483Glu substitution in the HERC1 (HECT domain and RCC1 domain) E3 ubiquitin ligase protein (HERC1). The tbl/tbl mutant suffers an ataxic syndrome given the almost complete loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells during adult life. More recent analyses have identified alterations at neuromuscular junctions in these mice, as well as in other neurons of the central nervous system, such as motor neurons in the spinal cord, or pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA3 region and the neocortex. Accordingly, the effect of the tbl/tbl mutation apparently extends to other regions of the nervous system far from the cerebellum. As HERC1 mutations in humans have been correlated with intellectual impairment, we studied the effect of the tbl/tbl mutation on learning. Using a behavioral test, ex vivo electrophysiological recordings, immunohistochemistry, and Golgi method, we analyzed the associative learning in the lateral amygdala of the tbl/tbl mouse. The tbl/tbl mice perform worse than wild-type animals in the passive avoidance test, and histologically, the tbl/tbl mice have more immature forms of dendritic spines. In addition, LTP cannot be detected in these animals and their STP is dampened, as is their glutamatergic input to the lateral amygdala. Together, these data suggest that HERC1 is probably involved in regulating synaptic function in the amygdala. Indeed, these results indicate that the tbl/tbl mutation is a good model to analyze the effect of alterations to the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway on the synaptic mechanisms involved in learning and its defects.


Assuntos
Tonsila do Cerebelo/metabolismo , Aprendizagem da Esquiva/fisiologia , Espinhas Dendríticas/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/genética , Animais , Condicionamento Clássico/fisiologia , Potenciação de Longa Duração/fisiologia , Camundongos , Mutação , Neurônios/metabolismo , Sinapses/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/metabolismo
9.
J Neurochem ; 103(6): 2629-39, 2007 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17953671

RESUMO

Progress in the control and treatment of pain may be facilitated by a better understanding of mechanisms underlying nociceptive processing. Cannabinoids and opioids are endogenous modulator of pain sensation, but therapies based in these compounds are not completely exploited because of their side effects. To test the role of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1-R) inhibition in nociception, we performed a subchronic administration of the CB1-R antagonist N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (AM281) in mice. This treatment provoked analgesia in peripheral thermal and visceral models of pain. Analysis of genes encoded for the opioid system in the spinal cord showed an increase in the expression of genes encoded for the κ-opioid system in AM281-injected mice compared with vehicle-injected ones. Furthermore, systemic administration of nor-binaltorphimine, a κ-opioid receptor antagonist, blocked AM281-induced analgesia. Finally, c-fos expression in the dorsal spinal cord and higher centers of pain processing after noxious stimulation were significantly lower in AM281-injected mice than in vehicle-injected animals, indicating that dynorphin could block nociceptive information transmission at the spinal cord level. These results indicate the existence of a cross-talk between opioid and cannabinoid systems in nociception. Furthermore, the results suggest that CB1-R antagonists could be useful as a new therapeutic approach for pain relief.


Assuntos
Analgesia , Analgésicos Opioides , Morfolinas/farmacologia , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Receptor CB1 de Canabinoide/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores Opioides kappa/fisiologia , Animais , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Temperatura Alta , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Camundongos , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Medição da Dor/efeitos dos fármacos , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-fos/biossíntese , Desempenho Psicomotor/efeitos dos fármacos , RNA Mensageiro/biossíntese , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Tempo de Reação/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores Opioides kappa/antagonistas & inibidores , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Rimonabanto , Medula Espinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Medula Espinal/metabolismo , Transmissão Sináptica/efeitos dos fármacos
10.
Mol Neurobiol ; 53(7): 4874-82, 2016 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26362308

RESUMO

Depression is a major public health concern in modern society, yet little is known about the molecular link between this condition and neuroinflammation. The inflammasome complex was recently shown to be implicated in depression. The present study shows the implication of NLRP3 inflammasome in animal model of stress-induced depression. Accordingly, we show here that in the absence of a NLRP3 inflammasome, prolonged stress does not provoke depressive behaviors or microglial activation in mice or dampen hippocampal neurogenesis. Indeed, NLRP3 deletion or inhibition of microglial activation impairs the stress-induced alterations associated with depression. According to these findings in animal model, the inflammasome could be a target for new therapeutic interventions to prevent depression in patients.


Assuntos
Depressão/metabolismo , Inflamassomos/deficiência , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/deficiência , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Animais , Depressão/patologia , Depressão/psicologia , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hipocampo/patologia , Relações Interpessoais , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Microglia/metabolismo , Microglia/patologia , Córtex Pré-Frontal/metabolismo , Córtex Pré-Frontal/patologia , Estresse Psicológico/patologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia
11.
Antioxid Redox Signal ; 24(3): 157-70, 2016 Jan 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26132721

RESUMO

AIMS: Impairment in adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation are associated with several metabolic and inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of AMPK/NLRP3 inflammasome axis in the molecular mechanism underlying pain perception. RESULTS: Impairment in AMPK activation induced by compound C or sunitinib, two AMPK inhibitors, provoked hyperalgesia in mice (p<0.001) associated with marked NLRP3 inflammasome protein activation and increased serum levels of interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) (24.56±0.82 pg/ml) and IL-18 (23.83±1.882 pg/ml) compared with vehicle groups (IL-1ß: 8.15±0.44; IL-18: 4.92±0.4). This effect was rescued by increasing AMPK phosphorylation via metformin treatment (p<0.001), caloric restriction diet (p<0.001), or NLRP3 inflammasome genetic inactivation using NLRP3 knockout (nlrp3(-/-)) mice (p<0.001). Deficient AMPK activation and overactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome axis were also observed in blood cells from patients with fibromyalgia (FM), a prevalent human chronic pain disease. In addition, metformin treatment (200 mg/daily), which increased AMPK activation, restored all biochemical alterations examined by us in blood cells and significantly improved clinical symptoms, such as, pain, fatigue, depression, disturbed sleep, and tender points, in patients with FM. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that AMPK/NLRP3 inflammasome axis participates in chronic pain and that NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition by AMPK modulation may be a novel therapeutic target to fight against chronic pain and inflammatory diseases as FM.


Assuntos
Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/genética , Proteínas de Transporte/genética , Fibromialgia/genética , Inflamassomos/metabolismo , Dor/genética , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/biossíntese , Adulto , Animais , Proteínas de Transporte/biossíntese , Feminino , Fibromialgia/patologia , Humanos , Indóis/administração & dosagem , Inflamassomos/genética , Interleucina-18/sangue , Interleucina-1beta/sangue , Masculino , Metformina/administração & dosagem , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR , Dor/patologia , Percepção da Dor/efeitos dos fármacos , Fosforilação , Pirróis/administração & dosagem , Sunitinibe
12.
Oncotarget ; 7(35): 56083-56106, 2016 Aug 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27528230

RESUMO

A mutation in the HERC2 gene has been linked to a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with similarities to the Angelman syndrome. This gene codifies a protein with ubiquitin ligase activity that regulates the activity of tumor protein p53 and is involved in important cellular processes such as DNA repair, cell cycle, cancer, and iron metabolism. Despite the critical role of HERC2 in these physiological and pathological processes, little is known about its relevance in vivo. Here, we described a mouse with targeted inactivation of the Herc2 gene. Homozygous mice were not viable. Distinct from other ubiquitin ligases that interact with p53, such as MDM2 or MDM4, p53 depletion did not rescue the lethality of homozygous mice. The HERC2 protein levels were reduced by approximately one-half in heterozygous mice. Consequently, HERC2 activities, including ubiquitin ligase and stimulation of p53 activity, were lower in heterozygous mice. A decrease in HERC2 activities was also observed in human skin fibroblasts from individuals with an Angelman-like syndrome that express an unstable mutant protein of HERC2. Behavioural analysis of heterozygous mice identified an impaired motor synchronization with normal neuromuscular function. This effect was not observed in p53 knockout mice, indicating that a mechanism independent of p53 activity is involved. Morphological analysis showed the presence of HERC2 in Purkinje cells and a specific loss of these neurons in the cerebella of heterozygous mice. In these animals, an increase of autophagosomes and lysosomes was observed. Our findings establish a crucial role of HERC2 in embryonic development and motor coordination.


Assuntos
Síndrome de Angelman/patologia , Desenvolvimento Embrionário/fisiologia , Fatores de Troca do Nucleotídeo Guanina/metabolismo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/metabolismo , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cerebelo/patologia , Cerebelo/ultraestrutura , Feminino , Fibroblastos , Fatores de Troca do Nucleotídeo Guanina/genética , Heterozigoto , Homozigoto , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Microscopia Eletrônica , Gravidez , Células de Purkinje/patologia , Células de Purkinje/ultraestrutura , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/genética
13.
J Neurosci ; 23(35): 11120-6, 2003 Dec 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14657170

RESUMO

Progress in the control and treatment of pain may be facilitated by a better understanding of mechanisms underlying nociceptive processing. Here we show that mice subjected to an intermittent fasting diet (IFD) display markedly reduced responses in models of thermal and visceral pain compared with mice fed ad libitum (AL). Pharmacological analyses suggest that a change in the endogenous kappa-opioid system underlies IFD-induced analgesia. The levels of prodynorphin mRNA and kappa-opioid receptors in the spinal cord are higher in IFD than in AL mice. Furthermore, in spinal cord nuclear protein extracts, the activity of the transcriptional repressor DREAM (downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator), the main regulator of prodynorphin expression, is lower in IFD than in AL mice. Finally, c-Fos expression in dorsal spinal cord after noxious stimulation is significantly lower in IFD than in AL animals, indicating that dynorphin could block nociceptive information at the spinal cord. These results suggest that dietary restriction together with administration of kappa-opioid agonists could be useful as a new therapeutic approach for pain relief.


Assuntos
Analgesia/métodos , Jejum/fisiologia , Receptores Opioides kappa/metabolismo , Animais , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Peso Corporal , Encefalinas/metabolismo , Encefalinas/farmacologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Naloxona/farmacologia , Antagonistas de Entorpecentes/farmacologia , Medição da Dor , Precursores de Proteínas/metabolismo , Precursores de Proteínas/farmacologia , Tempo de Reação/fisiologia , Receptores Opioides kappa/antagonistas & inibidores , Medula Espinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Medula Espinal/metabolismo , Medula Espinal/fisiologia
14.
Sci Rep ; 5: 13993, 2015 Sep 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26358557

RESUMO

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis appears to influence hippocampal functions, such as memory formation for example. While adult hippocampal neurogenesis is known to be involved in hippocampal-dependent learning and consolidation processes, the role of such immature neurons in memory reconsolidation, a process involved in the modification of stored memories, remains unclear. Here, using a novel fast X-ray ablation protocol to deplete neurogenic cells, we have found that adult hippocampal neurogenesis is required to update object recognition stored memory more than to reinforce it. Indeed, we show that immature neurons were selectively recruited to hippocampal circuits during the updating of stored information. Thus, our data demonstrate a new role for neurogenesis in cognitive processes, adult hippocampal neurogenesis being required for the updating of stored OR memories. These findings suggest that manipulating adult neurogenesis may have a therapeutic application in conditions associated with traumatic stored memory, for example.


Assuntos
Hipocampo/fisiologia , Memória , Neurogênese , Animais , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Modelos Animais , Células Piramidais/metabolismo
15.
Mitochondrion ; 21: 69-75, 2015 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25662535

RESUMO

Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain syndrome with unknown etiology. Recent studies have shown some evidence demonstrating that oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation may have a role in the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia. Despite several skin-related symptoms accompanied by small fiber neuropathy have been studied in FM, these mitochondrial changes have not been yet studied in this tissue. Skin biopsies from patients showed a significant mitochondrial dysfunction with reduced mitochondrial chain activities and bioenergetics levels and increased levels of oxidative stress. These data were related to increased levels of inflammation and correlated with pain, the principal symptom of FM. All these parameters have shown a role in peripheral nerve damage which has been observed in FM as a possible responsible to allodynia. Our findings may support the role of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation as interdependent events in the pathophysiology of FM with a special role in the peripheral alterations.


Assuntos
Fibromialgia/patologia , Fibromialgia/fisiopatologia , Inflamação/patologia , Mitocôndrias/fisiologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Pele/patologia , Adulto , Biópsia , Metabolismo Energético , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dor/fisiopatologia , Nervos Periféricos/patologia
16.
Antioxid Redox Signal ; 20(8): 1169-80, 2014 Mar 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23886272

RESUMO

AIMS: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a prevalent chronic pain syndrome characterized by generalized hyperalgesia associated with a wide spectrum of symptoms such as fatigue and joint stiffness. Diagnosis of FM is difficult due to the lack of reliable diagnostic biomarkers, while treatment is largely inadequate. We have investigated the role of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency and mitochondrial dysfunction in inflammasome activation in blood cells from FM patients, and in vitro and in vivo CoQ10 deficiency models. RESULTS: Mitochondrial dysfunction was accompanied by increased protein expression of interleukin (IL)-1ß, NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3) and caspase-1 activation, and an increase of serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß and IL-18). CoQ10 deficiency induced by p-aminobenzoate treatment in blood mononuclear cells and mice showed NLRP3 inflammasome activation with marked algesia. A placebo-controlled trial of CoQ10 in FM patients has shown a reduced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1ß and IL-18 serum levels. INNOVATION: These results show an important role for the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of FM, and the capacity of CoQ10 in the control of inflammasome. CONCLUSION: These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of FM and suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition represents a new therapeutic intervention for the disease.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Fibromialgia/sangue , Inflamassomos/metabolismo , Ubiquinona/análogos & derivados , Vitaminas/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Animais , Proteínas de Transporte/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Caspase 1/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/sangue , Suplementos Nutricionais , Método Duplo-Cego , Ativação Enzimática , Feminino , Fibromialgia/tratamento farmacológico , Fibromialgia/imunologia , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR , Estresse Oxidativo , Ubiquinona/administração & dosagem , Ubiquinona/metabolismo
17.
Antioxid Redox Signal ; 18(7): 800-7, 2013 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22938055

RESUMO

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex disorder that affects up to 5% of the general population worldwide. Both mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation have been implicated in the pathophysiology of FM. We have investigated the possible relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation in FM. We studied 30 women diagnosed with FM and 20 healthy women. Blood mononuclear cells (BMCs) from FM patients showed reduced level of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and mtDNA contents and high level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and transcript levels. A significant negative correlation between CoQ10 and TNF-alpha levels (r=-0.588; p<0.01), and a positive correlation between ROS and TNF-alpha levels (r=0.791; p<0.001) were observed accompanied by a significant correlation of visual analogical scale with serum TNF-alpha and transcript levels (r=0.4507; p<0.05 and r=0.7089; p<0.001, respectively). TNF-alpha release was observed in an in vitro (BMCs) and in vivo (mice) CoQ10 deficiency model. Oral CoQ10 supplementation restored biochemical parameters and induced a significant improvement in clinical symptoms (p<0.001). These results lead to the hypothesis that inflammation could be a mitochondrial dysfunction-dependent event implicated in the pathophysiology of FM in several patients indicating at mitochondria as a possible new therapeutic target.


Assuntos
Fibromialgia/patologia , Inflamação/patologia , Mitocôndrias/patologia , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Fibromialgia/metabolismo , Humanos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/citologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Leucócitos Mononucleares/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Ubiquinona/análogos & derivados , Ubiquinona/sangue , Ubiquinona/deficiência
18.
Antioxid Redox Signal ; 19(12): 1356-61, 2013 Oct 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23458405

RESUMO

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex disorder that affects up to 5% of the general population worldwide. Its pathophysiological mechanisms are difficult to identify and current drug therapies demonstrate limited effectiveness. Both mitochondrial dysfunction and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency have been implicated in FM pathophysiology. We have investigated the effect of CoQ10 supplementation. We carried out a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate clinical and gene expression effects of forty days of CoQ10 supplementation (300 mg/day) on 20 FM patients. This study was registered with controlled-trials.com (ISRCTN 21164124). An important clinical improvement was evident after CoQ10 versus placebo treatment showing a reduction of FIQ (p<0.001), and a most prominent reduction in pain (p<0.001), fatigue, and morning tiredness (p<0.01) subscales from FIQ. Furthermore, we observed an important reduction in the pain visual scale (p<0.01) and a reduction in tender points (p<0.01), including recovery of inflammation, antioxidant enzymes, mitochondrial biogenesis, and AMPK gene expression levels, associated with phosphorylation of the AMPK activity. These results lead to the hypothesis that CoQ10 have a potential therapeutic effect in FM, and indicate new potential molecular targets for the therapy of this disease. AMPK could be implicated in the pathophysiology of FM.


Assuntos
Fibromialgia/tratamento farmacológico , Ubiquinona/análogos & derivados , Adenilato Quinase/genética , Adenilato Quinase/metabolismo , Adulto , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Fibromialgia/enzimologia , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Renovação Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Superóxido Dismutase/genética , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Resultado do Tratamento , Ubiquinona/farmacologia , Ubiquinona/uso terapêutico
19.
Nutrition ; 28(11-12): 1200-3, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22898267

RESUMO

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome with unknown etiology. Recent studies have shown evidence demonstrating that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress may have a role in the pathophysiology of FM. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and a strong antioxidant. Low CoQ10 levels have been detected in patients with FM, and a significant decrease of clinical symptoms has been reported after oral CoQ10 supplementation. In this report, we show the effect of CoQ10 treatment on clinical symptoms, blood mononuclear cells, and mitochondrial and oxidative stress markers from a woman with FM. After CoQ10 treatment, the patient reported a significant improvement of clinical symptoms. At the cellular level, CoQ10 treatment restored mitochondrial dysfunction and the mtDNA copy number, decreased oxidative stress, and increased mitochondrial biogenesis. Our results suggest that CoQ10 could be an alternative therapeutic approach for FM.


Assuntos
Ataxia/dietoterapia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Fibromialgia/complicações , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Doenças Mitocondriais/dietoterapia , Debilidade Muscular/dietoterapia , Ubiquinona/análogos & derivados , Ataxia/complicações , Feminino , Fibromialgia/sangue , Fibromialgia/metabolismo , Fibromialgia/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Mitocondriais/complicações , Renovação Mitocondrial , Debilidade Muscular/complicações , Estresse Oxidativo , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do Tratamento , Ubiquinona/deficiência , Ubiquinona/uso terapêutico
20.
PLoS One ; 6(10): e26915, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22046409

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: We examined lipid peroxidation (LPO) in blood mononuclear cells (BMCs) and plasma, as a marker of oxidative damage, and its association to clinical symptoms in Fibromyalgia (FM) patients. METHODS: We conducted a case-control and correlational study comparing 65 patients and 45 healthy controls. Clinical parameters were evaluated using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), visual analogues scales (VAS), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Oxidative stress was determined by measuring LPO in BMCs and plasma. RESULTS: We found increased LPO levels in BMCs and plasma from FM patients as compared to normal control (P<0.001). A significant correlation between LPO in BMCs and clinical parameters was observed (r = 0.584, P<0.001 for VAS; r = 0.823, P<0.001 for FIQ total score; and r = 0.875, P<0.01 for depression in the BDI). We also found a positive correlation between LPO in plasma and clinical symptoms (r = 0.452, P<0.001 for VAS; r = 0.578, P<0.001 for FIQ total score; and r = 0.579, P<0.001 for depression in the BDI). Partial correlation analysis controlling for age and BMI, and sex, showed that both LPO in cells and plasma were independently associated to clinical symptoms. However, LPO in cells, but not LPO in plasma, was independently associated to clinical symptoms when controlling for depression (BDI scores). DISCUSSION: The results of this study suggest a role for oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia and that LPO in BMCs rather than LPO in plasma is better associated to clinical symptoms in FM.


Assuntos
Fibromialgia/fisiopatologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Plasma/metabolismo , Adulto , Células Sanguíneas , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Fibromialgia/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estresse Oxidativo
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