Anxiety and dissection of the human cadaver: an unsolvable relationship?

Anxiety is an emotional reaction frequently shown by students when a human cadaver is being dissected. Nonetheless, few studies analyze the nature of the anxiety response in this situation and the ones that do exist are mainly limited to English-speaking countries. Our research has three aims: to study the characteristic anxiety reaction to dissection practices, to determine the weight exerted by internal and environmental variables on this anxiety reaction, and to design practices aimed at reducing the state of anxiety experienced by pupils in their human anatomy practices. The studies were carried out in the dissection room of the Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology II at the Faculty of Medicine of the Complutense University, Madrid, during the 3 academic years 2000-2003. The anxiety response to the first dissection of a human cadaver is mainly determined by a situation considered to be threatening, with novelty as its main characteristic. The students' anxiety response is first determined by the situation itself and reactions depend on individual differences. Repeated or gradual exposure (detailed verbal information on the situation, visits to dissecting rooms when no cadaver is present, videos showing pictures of human dissections, etc.) before carrying out the first dissection reduce the students' anxiety response.

Dissection from the Spanish anatomist's perspective: aims, attitudes, and related aspects.

We present the results of a study conducted on participants of the 21st Congress of the Spanish Society of Anatomy, in which anatomists were asked their opinions about a range of issues related to anatomical dissection: its relative roles as the exclusive source of anatomy teaching, as a source for medical research, or to assist the future professional to acquire emotional control; the attitudes and behaviors they expect the student to have in the dissecting room; whether the student-cadaver relationship can convey knowledge and attitudes affecting the future doctor-patient relationship; and the anatomists' attitudes toward donation. Anatomists considered dissection to be mainly an instrument for professional training and to help develop professional skills. They gave little importance to the role it could play in helping students to control their emotions. However, this aspect was considered to be more important by anatomists who also valued a close doctor-patient relationship. On the other hand, a majority of anatomists felt that the student's attitude and behavior during dissection could be to some extent reflected in future relationships with patients. However, they did not feel that dissection-related attitudes would distinguish between future good or bad doctors. Finally, anatomy teachers are generally in favor of donation (86.5%), especially of organs alone (52.7%), and this aspect was not affected by their religious beliefs.

Estrategias de relajación durante el período de gestación: beneficios para la salud / Relaxation strategies during pregnancy. Health benefits

La práctica de la relajación puede ser una estrategia efectiva de afrontamiento del estrés propio de la gestación, una etapa de cambios tanto físicos como emocionales que requiere adaptaciones rápidas. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido evaluar los efectos de la práctica regular de una técnica de relajación en mujeres gestantes sobre variables emocionales y físicas: estrés, ansiedad, depresión, tasa cardíaca (TC) y presión arterial (PA). La muestra ha estado compuesta por 46 mujeres gestantes con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 38 años, residentes en Portugal. La muestra se ha dividido en dos grupos, experimental y control, el primero de los cuales recibió entre el 2o y el 8o mes de gestación un total de veinte-veinticinco sesiones individuales de relajación progresiva y visualización. Se evalúa la eficacia de la intervención con medidas pre y postratamiento de TC y PA, así como de ansiedad, depresión y estrés con las escalas de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stresse-EADS-21. Los datos encontrados evidencian la eficacia de la práctica de la relajación en las medidas evaluadas (AU)

The practice of relaxation may be an effective strategy for coping with stress during the pregnancy period, a stage of physical and emotional changes that requires adaptations. The objective was to evaluate the effects of the regular practice of a relaxation technique in pregnant women on emotional and physical variables: stress, anxiety, depression, heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP). Sample: 46 pregnant women, aged between 18 and 38 years, and living in Portugal. Method: These women were divided into two groups, experimental and control. The experimental group received, between the 2nd and the 8th month of pregnancy a total of twenty to twenty five individual sessions of visualization and progressive relaxation. To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention, HR and BP was measured pre- and posttreatment, as well as anxiety, depression, and stress, using EADS-21. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the intervention on the variables assessed (AU)