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1.
Med Educ ; 42(6): 563-71, 2008 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18452515

RESUMO

CONTEXT: There is ongoing discussion within the medical education community about dissection as an educational strategy and as a professional training tool in technical and emotional skills training. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to discover the emotional reactions, attitudes and beliefs of new students faced with human cadaver dissection; to evaluate the changes produced in these variables by the exhibition and practice of dissection; to analyse the level of anxiety students feel when faced with death, and to elucidate the possible relationships between these items. METHODS: The study used a sample of 425 students who were first-time enrolees in a human anatomy course. Three new instruments were designed, with items covering emotional reactions (cognitive, physiological and motor reactions), beliefs and attitudes related to what the student expects to experience or has experienced in dissection. Death anxiety was measured using the Death Anxiety Inventory. RESULTS: As students gained more experience of dissection, their emotional reactions were reduced and their attitudes and beliefs changed. Statistically significant differences in the level of death anxiety emerged, depending on the perceptions students had of their degree of preparation for dissection, and emotional control and deeper thoughts about life and death during dissection. DISCUSSION: The practice of anatomy allows the student to learn how to face up to and adapt his or her emotional reactions and attitudes; this gives human cadaver dissection great importance as an educational strategy and as a professional training tool in technical and emotional skills training.


Assuntos
Anatomia/educação , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Dissecação/psicologia , Educação de Graduação em Medicina , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Adolescente , Ansiedade/etiologia , Cadáver , Emoções , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
2.
Clín. salud ; 28(3): 131-138, nov. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-169031

RESUMO

Se considera dolor crónico a aquel que persiste por más de tres meses destacando en patologías como lumbalgia, migraña, fibromialgia o artrosis, entre otras. En su génesis, desarrollo y mantenimiento están implicados factores psicológicos como una gran frecuencia e intensidad de emociones negativas, un estilo desadaptativo de afrontamiento, un patrón atencional desajustado y una respuesta excesiva de preocupación. El tratamiento del dolor se complica cuando al profesional sanitario le asalta la duda de una posible simulación o intento deliberado de engañar sobre la enfermedad o discapacidad, exagerando la sintomatología, con el objetivo de conseguir un beneficio. Se describe el caso de un paciente tratado de dolor crónico en una unidad de dolor, del que se sospecha simulación para obtener una prestación económica por incapacidad permanente. Tras la evaluación, se descarta un proceso de simulación y se comienza un tratamiento cognitivo-conductual. Se describe la evaluación que permite descartar la sospecha de simulación, el tratamiento cognitivo-conductual con la elección de técnicas avaladas científicamente para el tratamiento del dolor crónico y los resultados obtenidos


Chronic pain is considered one that persists for more than three months. The treatment of pain is complicated even more when the health professional has a second thought about a possible malingering. This is a deliberate attempt to simulate a disease or disability, exaggerating the symptomatology, with the aim of obtaining a benefit, which is usually of an economic type. This paper depicts the case of a patient treated for chronic pain in a pain unit, which is suspected of obtaining an economic benefit due to permanent disability. After the evaluation, a malingering process is ruled out and a cognitive-behavioral treatment is started. We describe the evaluation that allows to rule out the suspicion of malingering, the cognitive-behavioral treatment with the choice of scientifically endorsed techniques for the treatment of chronic pain, and the results obtained


Assuntos
Humanos , Simulação de Doença/psicologia , Transtornos Somatoformes/psicologia , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodos , Dor Crônica/psicologia , Transtornos Somatoformes/terapia , Manejo da Dor/métodos , Determinação da Personalidade , Psicometria/instrumentação , Adaptação Psicológica
3.
Clín. salud ; 25(3): 175-179, nov. 2014. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-130078

RESUMO

The present article presents the data from an experimental research with the primary goal of exploring the presence of memory bias in participants with high levels of evaluation anxiety in comparison with a group with low evaluation anxiety, as measured by the F1 factor of the Anxiety Situations and Responses Inventory (Miguel-Tobal & Cano-Vindel, 2002). For this purpose, an experimental task based on the conception of explicit memory was carried out, specifically a free recall test, cuing the beginning of words, using words with evaluation anxiety content versus neutral words. The results and their clinical implications, as well as the limitations in the experimental study concerning the processing of threatening information, are discussed


En el presente artículo se presentan los datos de una investigación experimental cuyo objetivo fundamental fue explorar la presencia del sesgo de memoria en participantes con niveles elevados de ansiedad de evaluación en comparación con un grupo con baja ansiedad evaluativa medidos mediante el factor F1 del Inventario de Situaciones y Respuestas de Ansiedad (Miguel- Tobal y Cano-Vindel, 2002). Para ello se llevó a cabo una tarea experimental basada en la concepción de memoria explícita, en concreto una prueba de recuerdo libre con clave de inicio de palabras, mediante el uso de palabras con contenido de ansiedad de evaluación vs palabras neutras. Se discuten los resultados encontrados, sus implicaciones a nivel clínico y las limitaciones que se dan en el estudio experimental del procesamiento de la información amenazante


Assuntos
Humanos , Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Processos Mentais , Cognição , Transtornos de Ansiedade/psicologia , Memória , Fatores de Risco , Ameaças
4.
Clín. salud ; 24(3): 185-195, nov. 2013. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-117624

RESUMO

Se presenta un estudio multidimensional de la exageración de síntomas en pacientes con fibromialgia. El objetivo principal es detectar patrones discriminantes de simulación de discapacidad relacionada con el dolor con el fin de desarrollar un protocolo detallado para la evaluación de sospecha de simulación en los casos con síntomas físicos o psicológicos falsos o exagerados motivados por incentivos externos. La muestra total (N = 113) estuvo compuesta por cuatro grupos: pacientes con fibromialgia no litigantes (n = 36), pacientes con fibromialgia en situación de litigancia (n = 26), participantes análogos (n = 21) y grupo control (n = 30). Se administraron diferentes pruebas médicas y psicológicas a los participantes, incluyendo pruebas médicas complementarias, la adaptación española de la Escala de Auto–Eficacia (Baessler y Schwarzer, 1996), la Escala de Satisfacción Personal Vital (González Ordi, Santamaría y Casado Morales, 2012), la adaptación española del Cuestionario de Impacto de Fibromialgia (FIQ, Monterde, Salvat, Montull y Fernández-Ballart, 2004), la versión española de la Encuesta de Salud SF-36 (Alonso, Prieto y Antó, 1995), la adaptación española del Inventario Estructurado de Simulación de Síntomas (SIMS, González Ordi y Santamaría, 2009) y la adaptación española del Inventario de Personalidad de Minnesota- 2- Formulario Reestructurado (MMPI-2-RF, Ben-Porath y Tellegen, 2008a). Se presentan datos sobre las diferencias entre grupos y la precisión de predicción de los instrumentos utilizados. También se aborda un protocolo para la detección de la simulación en base a los resultados del perfil diferencial entre la fibromialgia no litigante y litigantes (AU)


A multidimensional study on symptom exaggeration in fibromyalgia patients is presented. The main aim is to detect discriminant patterns of malingered pain-related disability in order to develop a detailed protocol for the assessment of suspected malingering in cases of false or grossly exaggerated physical or psychological symptoms motivated by external incentives. Overall sample (N = 113) consisted of four groups: fibromyalgia patients not involved in litigation (n = 36), fibromyalgia patients involved in litigation (n = 26), analogue fibromyalgia-instructed participants (n = 21), and control group (n = 30). Several medical and psychological tests were administered to participants, including medical complementary tests, the Spanish adaptation of the General Self-Efficacy Scale (Baessler & Schwarzer, 1996), the Life Personal Self-Report Scale (González-Ordi, Santamaría, & Casado-Morales, 2012), the Spanish adaptation of the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnarie (FIQ, Monterde, Salvat, Montull, & Fernández-Ballart, 2004), the Spanish version of the SF-36 Health Survey (Alonso, Prieto, & Antó, 1995), the Spanish adaptation of the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS, González-Ordi & Santamaría, 2009), and the Spanish adaptation of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF, Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2008a). Data on mean group differences and predictive accuracy of the instruments used are presented. A protocol for the detection of malingering based on the differential profile scores between fibromyalgia non-litigants and litigants are also addressed (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Fibromialgia/psicologia , Avaliação de Sintomas/instrumentação , Simulação de Doença/diagnóstico , Psicometria/instrumentação , Exame Físico , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina
5.
Clín. salud ; 19(1): 5-26, 2008. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-68496

RESUMO

Se presenta la elaboración y puesta en marcha de un programa de prevención de trastornos de alimentación. El programa se desarrolla en dos partes, en un primer momento se interviene con un grupo de adolescentes de riesgo y se complementa posteriormente con una intervención con padres. Se trabaja en el marco de la prevención primaria indirecta, siendo éste un elemento a destacar por su importancia en esta área ya que sabemos que estos trastornos son de difícil detección y que por su naturaleza conllevan ocultamiento y rechazo de la ayuda, por lo que resulta mucho más eficaz la prevención que se desarrolla a partir del trabajo con los factores de riesgo asociados a los mismos. Así, el énfasis de este trabajo tanto con adolescentes como con padres, no recae directamente en modificar conductas de riesgo, sino principalmente en proporcionar estrategias personales que minimicen la influencia de los factores de riesgo asociados a los trastornos de alimentación (AU)


A program for the prevention of eating disorders was developed and implemented.The program is implemented in two stages, first there is a work with a group of high risk teenagers and then it is complemented with parent involvement. The work develops within the framework of indirect primary prevention–a key issue in this area since it is well known that these disorders are difficult to identify and that their nature entails concealment and refusal of help. Hence, prevention is very effective since it addresses the risk factors associated to eating disorders. Therefore, the emphasis of this work with adolescents and parents does not lie directly on modifying the risk behaviour but rather on providing personal strategies to minimize the effect of risk factors associated with eating disorders (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Transtornos de Alimentação na Infância/prevenção & controle , Prevenção Primária/métodos , Anorexia/epidemiologia , Anorexia/prevenção & controle , Bulimia/epidemiologia , Bulimia/prevenção & controle , Índice de Massa Corporal , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Fatores de Risco , Comportamento do Adolescente/fisiologia , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Medicina do Adolescente/métodos , Psicologia do Adolescente/métodos , Emoções Manifestas/fisiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
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