Oxidative stress in rats experimentally infected by Sporothrix schenckii.

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether oxidative stress occurs in rats experimentally infected by Sporothrix schenckii, and its possible effect on disease pathogenesis. Thirty rats were divided into two groups: the group A (uninfected, n = 18) and the group B (infected by S. schenckii, n=21). Blood samples were collected on days 15, 30 and 40 post-infection (PI). At each sampling time, six rats of the group A, and seven of the group B were bled. TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) levels in serum samples were measured to evaluate lipid peroxidation. In addition, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, known as biomarkers of antioxidants levels, were verified in whole blood. Seric pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were measured (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6), which showed that these inflammatory mediators were at higher levels in the infected rats (P < 0.001). In comparison to uninfected animals, rats with sporotrichosis showed significantly higher (p < 0.01) levels of TBARS on day 40 PI; CAT activity was significantly increased (p < 0.01) on days 30 and 40 PI; and SOD activity was increased (p < 0.01) on day 40 PI. Infected rats showed larger testicles and granulomas in the testicular capsule, as well as hepatic granulomas and splenic follicular hyperplasia. All tissues (testicle, spleen, and liver) showed inflammation associated with numerous fungal structures. These results demonstrated that the intense inflammatory response (seric and tissue) in sporotrichosis is a likely mechanism for redox imbalance, and consequently cause the oxidative stress in experimentally infected rats.

Adenosine deaminase activity in serum and lymphocytes of rats infected with Sporothrix schenckii.

Sporotrichosis is a fungal infection of subcutaneous or chronic evolution, inflammatory lesions characterized by their pyogranulomatous aspect, caused by the dimorphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a "key" enzyme in the purine metabolism, promoting the deamination of adenosine, an important anti-inflammatory molecule. The increase in ADA activity has been demonstrated in several inflammatory conditions; however, there are no data in the literature associated with this fungal infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of serum ADA (S-ADA) and lymphocytes (L-ADA) of rats infected with S. schenckii. We used seventy-eight rats divided into two groups. In the first experiment, rats were infected subcutaneously and in the second experiment, infected intraperitoneally. Blood samples for hematologic evaluation and activities of S-ADA and L-ADA were performed at days 15, 30, and 40 post-infection (PI) to assess disease progression. In the second experiment, it was observed an acute decrease in activity of S-ADA and L-ADA (P < 0.05), suggesting a compensatory mechanism in an attempt to protect the host from excessive tissue damage. With chronicity of disease the rats in the first and second experiment at 30 days PI showed an increased activity of L-ADA (P < 0.05), promoting an inflammatory response in an attempt to combat the spread of the agent. Thus, it is suggested that infection with S. schenckii alters the activities of S-ADA in experimentally infected rats, demonstrating the involvement of this enzyme in the pathogenesis of sporotrichosis.

Utilização do retalho de padrão axial toracolateral e tubular subdérmico no reparo de defeito após ressecção de higroma bilateral em cotovelo de cão: relato de caso / Toracolateral axial and tubular subdermal pattern flaps for woun repair after resection of bilateral elbow hygroma in dog: case report / Utilización del colgajo de patrón axial toracolateral e tubular subdérmico para reconstrucción cutánea posterior a resección de higroma de codo bilateral en perro: reporte de caso

Higroma cotovelar é uma cavidade preenchida por líquido, cercada por tecido conjuntivo fibroso denso, que surge na face lateral do olecrano. Causada por traumatismo crônico, normalmente pelo fato de o animal deitar em local duro, acometendo, em sua maioria, em cães jovens (6 a 18 meses) e de raças de grande porte. Relata-se um caso de higroma cotovelar bilateral em Rottweiler, macho, 40 kg, 1 ano de idade. O animal apresentava aumento de volume bilateral no cotovelo, após a tentativa de drenagem do higroma, e recidiva, optou-se pelo tratamento cirúrgico, que consistiu na remoção do higroma e reconstrução da ferida utilizando o retalho de padrão subdérmico e axial. A técnica utilizada para a correção cirúrgica desta lesão mostrou-se efetiva, mesmo apresentando deiscência de sutura em locais de maior tensão da pele, não houve necrose tecidual e finalmente obteve-se satisfatório fechamento da ferida.(AU)

Elbow hygroma is a liquid filled cavity, surrounded by dense fibrous connective tissues, which appears on the olecranon side face. This clinical condition results of chronical trauma, usually for hard place animal recumbence, affecting mostly young dogs (6-18 months old) and large breeds. This is a case report of bilateral elbow hygroma in a 1-year-old Rottweiler male of 40 kg. The animal had bilateral swelling in the elbow region, after trying preservative management consists in hygroma draining, this lesion returns rapidly and then opted for hygroma surgical rsemoval and posteriorly, wound surgical reconstruction through subdermal and axial pattern flaps. The surgical technique used for hygroma treatment proved effective, even with suture dehiscence in great tension skin places, there was no tissue necrosis and finally gave satisfactory wound closure.(AU)

El higroma de codo es una cavidad llena de líquido, recubierta por tejido conectivo fibroso denso, que aparece en la superficie lateral del olecranon. Esta condición clínica resulta de traumatismo crónico al animal acostarse sobre superficies duras. Afecta animales jóvenes (6 a 18 meses) y razas de gran tardano. Reporte de caso de higroma de codo bilateral en Rottweiler macho de 40 kg y 1 ano de edad. Clínicamente presentaba aumento de volumen bilateral del codo. Inicialmente se realizó drenaje simple del higroma, resultando en rápida recidiva, motivo por el cual se optó por la remoción quirúrgica y posterior reconstrucción por medio de colgajo en patrón subdérmico y axial. La técnica utilizada para la corrección quirúrgica de esta lesión se considera efectiva mismo con dehiscencia de algunos puntos de la piel expuestos a gran tensión, no fue evidenciada necrosis tisular y finalmente se consiguió un cierre satisfactorio de la herida.(AU)

Utilização do retalho de padrão axial toracolateral e tubular subdérmico no reparo de defeito após ressecção de higroma bilateral em cotovelo de cão: relato de caso / Toracolateral axial and tubular subdermal pattern flaps for woun repair after resection of bilateral elbow hygroma in dog: case report / Utilización del colgajo de patrón axial toracolateral e tubular subdérmico para reconstrucción cutánea posterior a resección de higroma de codo bilateral en perro: reporte de caso

Higroma cotovelar é uma cavidade preenchida por líquido, cercada por tecido conjuntivo fibroso denso, que surge na face lateral do olecrano. Causada por traumatismo crônico, normalmente pelo fato de o animal deitar em local duro, acometendo, em sua maioria, em cães jovens (6 a 18 meses) e de raças de grande porte. Relata-se um caso de higroma cotovelar bilateral em Rottweiler, macho, 40 kg, 1 ano de idade. O animal apresentava aumento de volume bilateral no cotovelo, após a tentativa de drenagem do higroma, e recidiva, optou-se pelo tratamento cirúrgico, que consistiu na remoção do higroma e reconstrução da ferida utilizando o retalho de padrão subdérmico e axial. A técnica utilizada para a correção cirúrgica desta lesão mostrou-se efetiva, mesmo apresentando deiscência de sutura em locais de maior tensão da pele, não houve necrose tecidual e finalmente obteve-se satisfatório fechamento da ferida.

Elbow hygroma is a liquid filled cavity, surrounded by dense fibrous connective tissues, which appears on the olecranon side face. This clinical condition results of chronical trauma, usually for hard place animal recumbence, affecting mostly young dogs (6-18 months old) and large breeds. This is a case report of bilateral elbow hygroma in a 1-year-old Rottweiler male of 40 kg. The animal had bilateral swelling in the elbow region, after trying preservative management consists in hygroma draining, this lesion returns rapidly and then opted for hygroma surgical rsemoval and posteriorly, wound surgical reconstruction through subdermal and axial pattern flaps. The surgical technique used for hygroma treatment proved effective, even with suture dehiscence in great tension skin places, there was no tissue necrosis and finally gave satisfactory wound closure.

El higroma de codo es una cavidad llena de líquido, recubierta por tejido conectivo fibroso denso, que aparece en la superficie lateral del olecranon. Esta condición clínica resulta de traumatismo crónico al animal acostarse sobre superficies duras. Afecta animales jóvenes (6 a 18 meses) y razas de gran tardano. Reporte de caso de higroma de codo bilateral en Rottweiler macho de 40 kg y 1 ano de edad. Clínicamente presentaba aumento de volumen bilateral del codo. Inicialmente se realizó drenaje simple del higroma, resultando en rápida recidiva, motivo por el cual se optó por la remoción quirúrgica y posterior reconstrucción por medio de colgajo en patrón subdérmico y axial. La técnica utilizada para la corrección quirúrgica de esta lesión se considera efectiva mismo con dehiscencia de algunos puntos de la piel expuestos a gran tensión, no fue evidenciada necrosis tisular y finalmente se consiguió un cierre satisfactorio de la herida.