Bioremediation and biomass production from the cultivation of probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii in parboiled rice effluent.

The parboilization of rice generates 2 L of effluent per kilogram of processed grain. Several methodologies have previously been tested with the aim of reducing the environmental impact of this effluent. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bioremediation of parboiled rice effluent supplemented with sucrose or residual glycerol from the biodiesel during the cultivation of the Saccharomyces boulardii probiotic. In the first stage of the experiment, cultures were grown in orbital shaker, and five media compositions were evaluated: 1) parboiled rice effluent; 2) effluent supplemented with 1% sucrose; 3) effluent supplemented with 3% sucrose; 4) effluent supplemented with 15 g.L-1 of biodiesel glycerol and 5) standard yeast culture medium (YM). The addition of 1% of sucrose generated the most promising results in terms of cell viability, removal of nitrogen, phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand (COD). From these results, four independent cultures were grown in a bioreactor using effluent +1% of sucrose as the medium. This assays generated a mean of 3.8 g.L-1 of biomass, 1.8 × 1011 CFU.L-1, and removal of 74% of COD and 78% of phosphorus. Therefore, the cultivation of Saccharomyces boulardii in parboiled rice effluent supplemented with 1% sucrose may represent a viable method by which the environmental impact of this effluent can be reduced while simultaneously producing probiotic culture for use in animal production.

Estratificaçäo de risco e profilaxia para tromboembolia venosa em pacientes internados em hospital geral universitário / Classification of risk and prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in university hospital patients

Objetivos:Identificar a freqüência de fatores de risco, a estratificaçäo de risco e a prática de profilaxia para tromboembolia venosa (TEV) em pacientes hospitalizados. Métodos: Os casos foram selecionados aleatoriamente, sendo os critérios utilizados na determinaçäo dos fatores de risco e sua estratificaçäo em níveis de risco baseados em consensos internacionais. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes (96 por cento) apresentava pelo menos um fator reconhecido de risco; 81 por cento preenchiam critérios para classificaçäo em risco moderado ou alto. Medidas profiláticas foram prescritas para 221 (63 por cento), havendo associaçäo significativa entre o aumento do nível de risco para TEV e a maior freqüência de uso de heparina (p < 0,001). Contra-indicaçöes para o uso de heparina foram observadas em 7 por cento dos casos. Conclusäo: Fatores de risco para TEV säo comuns e a profilaxia, insatissfatória. Contra-indicaçöes para heparina säo infreqüentes e näo impedem que seu uso se estenda a maior número de pacientes.