Investigation of the morphometric characteristics of internal carotid artery between sexes and in patients with intracranial aneurysms.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the morphometric properties of the internal carotid artery (ICA) by measuring the diameters and angles of its segments and exploring variations related to sex and the presence of aneurysms. METHODS: Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images were utilized from 130 aneurysm patients and 75 non-aneurysm individuals to create 3D ICA models using 3D Slicer software. Segment diameters were measured via Autodesk Meshmixer 3.5.474 and angles were evaluated using ImageJ software. RESULTS: In total, DSA images of 130 aneurysm patients and 75 individuals with normally reported carotid systems were evaluated. It was found that the intracranial aneurysms (IAs) were predominantly formed on the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) in males (%43), whereas in females IAs were frequently localized in the C6 segment (31.7%) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) (30.2%). In the control group, the evaluation of gender differences in segment diameters and angles revealed that males had significantly larger C4 and C5 segment diameters (4.62 vs. 4.32 mm and 4.41 vs. 4.09 mm, respectively) and a greater C6 angle (146.9° vs. 139.7°) compared to females. Comparisons between patients with an aneurysm at the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and the control group revealed that the ACA group had wider diameters in the C1 (4.88 vs. 4.53 mm), C3 (4.65 vs. 4.4 mm), C5 (4.51 vs. 4.25 mm), and ACA (2.36 vs. 2.06 mm) segments. Additionally, the ACA group had wider angles in the ACA (104.1° vs. 94.1°) and C6 segments (147.7° vs. 143.3°), whereas the control group exhibited wider angles in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) segment (141.5° vs. 135.5°) compared to the ACA aneurysm group. Patients with anterior cerebral artery (ACA) aneurysms exhibited larger diameters in C1, C3, C5, C6, and ACA segments compared to the control group. Additionally, while the control group had larger MCA angle, patients with ACA aneurysms had larger angles in C6 segment and ACA. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that formation of aneurysms is affected by anatomical configuration of the ICA as well as sex characteristics, particularly regarding the ACA and MCA bifurcation angles, which showed associations with aneurysms in the respective branches.

Morphometric analysis of the infratemporal fossa using three-dimensional (3D) digital models.

PURPOSE: The infratemporal fossa contains important neurovascular components and is directly related to other anatomical regions and structures. The morphometric distances between the bones forming its borders have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the morphometry of the infratemporal fossa. METHODS: 3D models of the skull of 83 individuals were reconstructed from DICOM datasets, from which length, depth and width measurements were determined and compared between genders and the right and left sides. RESULTS: All measurements obtained were significantly different between males and females. There were also significant differences between the left and right sides for depth and width measurements. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to determine and investigate measurements of the infratemporal fossa; as such it provides a comprehensive view of the morphology of the fossa. It provides valuable information for surgical interventions and differential diagnoses of pathologies in this region, as well as enhancing its understanding in medical education.

Unilateral Absence of the Latissimus Dorsi: A Report of a Rare Case.

The latissimus dorsi is the largest muscle in the human body, located in the lower posterior thorax, and it contributes to motion in the upper extremity and provides assistance in respiration. This case report describes a rare occurrence of a unilateral absence of the latissimus dorsi accompanied by contralateral scoliosis in a 73-year-old female cadaver. The absence of the muscle along with the absence of the thoracodorsal nerve and branches of the subscapular and axillary arteries was identified during a standard dissection course. The implications of this rare case extend to an array of surgical interventions, including head, neck, breast, and torso reconstructive applications. It is important to investigate potential anomalies of the latissimus dorsi, while planning or performing free flap transfers. The report also highlights the importance of understanding this variation for educational and research purposes.

Three-Dimensional (3D) Analysis of Orbital Morphometry in Healthy Anatolian Adults: Sex, Side Discrepancies, and Clinical Relevance.

Background and objective The complex structural integrity of the orbit is crucial for visual functions. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from radiological images have revolutionized anatomical understanding, eliminating the limitations of two-dimensional (2D) imaging and offering intricate spatial details for complex structures. The aim of this study was to analyze the detailed morphometry of the orbit in healthy Anatolian adults, considering sex, side discrepancies, and clinical relevance using 3D models reconstructed from multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) images. Materials and methods Fifty-six (44.44%) males and 70 (55.56%) females (total: 126, mean age: 48.62) MDCT images were randomly selected and 3D skull models were reconstructed using 3D Slicer software. Measurements were conducted in millimeters (mm) for transverse and vertical diameters, circumference of the orbital opening, orbital wall lengths, as well as intraorbital and extraorbital distances. Results The method of measurements showed high reproducibility of results. The mean values for transverse and vertical diameters, circumference of the orbital opening, medial and lateral wall lengths, roof and floor lengths, and intraorbital and extraorbital distances were 40.23±2.12 mm (p<0.001), 34.94±2.16 mm (p=0.365), 44.74 ±3.02 mm (p<0.001), 46.30±2.69 mm (p<0.001), 51.26±2.91 mm (p<0.001), 49.01±3.22 mm (p<0.001), 126.10±5.71 mm (p<0.001), 19.63±2.35 mm (p=0.026), and 94.09±4.84 mm (p<0.001), respectively. Conclusion The study's high measurement reproducibility contributes significantly to the existing literature and clinical practice. These findings offer specific insights into Anatolian orbital morphometry, aiding in surgical planning, implant placement, and diagnostic assessments. The precise measurement values serve as a reliable reference for clinicians, facilitating the identification of normal and abnormal orbital anatomy and enhancing patient care. We believe this study provides valuable data for craniofacial and ophthalmological research, benefiting both clinical practice and future research endeavors in these fields.

Facial Angle Profiles in Turkish Healthy Population

The knowledge of the facial angles is essential for safe and accurate plastic surgery interventions. Facial angles are used as a reference value for comparison during diagnosis and treatment planning. Also, the facial angles will provide valuable data in evaluation of facial aesthetics. So, the aim of this study was to determine the ideal values of the facial angles in Turkish healthy adults.METHODSTwo hundred and forty seven (129 females; 118 males) subjects aged between 18 and 25 years were included in this study. Frankfort horizontal plane was chosen to determine the angles related with face. Photographs were acquired using a Digital SLR Camera with fixed shooting values. (Canon EOS 80D; ISO 100 f/4.5). In all the shoots, a printed scale with known dimensions was present. Acquired images were then transferred to a computer station. Measurements were made using Image J 1.52a with 1/100 mm sensitivity. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Ver. 22.00. A p<0.05 value was considered as significant. Student’s T Test was used to determine the significance between gender, while Pearson Correlation analysis was done to evaluate the relation between gender.RESULTSStatistically significant difference was found between the genders and the frontonasal angle, the nasofrontal angle, the nasolabial angle, the chin neck angle, and the nasal projection. Also, the fronto nasal angle, chin neck angle, and nasal projection measurements were higher in males than in females, whereas the nasofrontal angle and nasolabial angle were lower in males than in females. Additionally, there was a significant, negative very low correlation between fronto-nasal angle (-0.148), chin-neck angle (r=-0.179) and gender; a significant, negative and low correlation (r=-0.243) between nasal projection and gender, a significant, positive and low correlation between nasolabial angle and gender (r=0.259); and nasofrontal angle and gender (r=0.388).CONCLUSIONSFacial angle values of healthy population provide important and useful knowledge in terms of comparison of abnormalities clinically, and data may be valuable for the representatives of clinical disciplines.

The Face Shape and Golden Ratio Classification In Turkish Healthy Population.

Beauty indicates a specific proportion system. It comprises facial height, width, and symmetry. A beautiful and an attractive face or facial morphology, which is affected by many factors such as social, cultural, ethnic, racial, climate, gender, age, socio-economic, nutritional, and genetic is a subjective concept. We wanted to determine the facial morphology, golden ratio, and classify the face shape, in Turkish healthy adults. METHODSThis is a descriptive study conducted among two hundred twenty-eight (139 females; 89 males) subjects aged between 18 and 25 years. Physiognomic facial height, the width of face, face golden ratio, morphological facial height, facial index were measured. Based on the face index, the face shape was classified as hypereuryprosopic, euryprosopic, mesoprosopic, leptoprosopic, and hyperleptoprosopic. Also, the face shape was determined according to the golden ratio. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS Ver. 22. Chi-Square Test was used to determine the differences between gender and face measurements. A p value of <0.05 value was considered as significant.RESULTSOut of 228 subjects, face shape according to golden ratio was normal in 11 female subjects, short in 128 female subjects. Also, in males, the same parameter was normal in 10 subjects, short in 72, and long in 7 subjects. On the other hand, significant differences were found between the genders. Hypereuroprosopic face type was the least observed in males but not in females.CONCLUSİONSThe facial shape data may be valuable for evaluating various disorders and variations for plastic surgeons and orthodontists and other clinicians