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1.
Conserv Biol ; 31(1): 5-12, 2017 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27411900

RESUMO

The escalating illegal wildlife trade (IWT) is one of the most high-profile conservation challenges today. The crisis has attracted over US$350 million in donor and government funding in recent years, primarily directed at increased enforcement. There is growing recognition among practitioners and policy makers of the need to engage rural communities that neighbor or live with wildlife as key partners in tackling IWT. However, a framework to guide such community engagement is lacking. We developed a theory of change (ToC) to guide policy makers, donors, and practitioners in partnering with communities to combat IWT. We identified 4 pathways for community-level actions: strengthen disincentives for illegal behavior, increase incentives for wildlife stewardship, decrease costs of living with wildlife, and support livelihoods that are not related to wildlife. To succeed the pathways, all require strengthening of enabling conditions, including capacity building, and of governance. Our ToC serves to guide actions to tackle IWT and to inform the evaluation of policies. Moreover, it can be used to foster dialogue among IWT stakeholders, from local communities to governments and international donors, to develop a more effective, holistic, and sustainable community-based response to the IWT crisis.


Assuntos
Animais Selvagens , Comércio , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/legislação & jurisprudência , Animais , Políticas
2.
Afr J Ecol ; 60(2): 135-145, 2022 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35601563

RESUMO

The COVID-19 outbreak has had considerable negative impacts on the livelihoods and living conditions of communities around the world. Although the source of COVID-19 is still unknown, a widely spread hypothesis is that the virus could be of animal origin. Wild meat is used by rural communities as a source of income and food, and it has been hypothesised that the pandemic might alter their perceptions and use of wild meat. McNamara et al. (2020) developed a causal model hypothesising how the impacts of the pandemic could lead to a change in local incentives for wild meat hunting in sub-Saharan African countries. From February 27 to March 19, 2021, we carried out a survey around the Dja Faunal Reserve, Southeast Cameroon, to test McNamara et al.'s model in practice, using semi-structured questionnaires to investigate the impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on wild meat hunting and consumption. Our results generally agree with the causal pathways suggested by McNamara et al. However, our study highlights additional impact pathways not identified in the model. We provide revisions to McNamara's model to incorporate these pathways and inform strategies to mitigate the impacts of the pandemic.


L'épidémie de COVID­19 a eu des répercussions négatives considérables sur les moyens de subsistance et les conditions de vie des communautés du monde entier. Bien que l'origine de la COVID­19 soit encore inconnue, une hypothèse largement répandue est que le virus pourrait être d'origine animale. La viande de gibier est utilisée par les communautés rurales comme source de revenus et de nourriture et une hypothèse avance que la pandémie pourrait modifier la perception et l'utilisation de ces dernières à l'égard de cette même viande McNamara et al. (2020) ont élaboré un modèle de causalité en émettant l'hypothèse que les répercussions de la pandémie pourraient entraîner une modification des incitations liées à la chasse de gibier au niveau local dans les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne. Entre le 27 février et le 19 mars 2021, nous avons effectué une étude aux alentours de la réserve de faune du Dja, au sud­est du Cameroun, afin de tester le modèle de McNamara et al. dans la pratique, en nous appuyant sur des questionnaires semi­structurés afin d'étudier les répercussions de l'épidémie de COVID­19 sur la chasse de gibier et la consommation de viande de gibier. Nos résultats correspondent globalement au modèle causal suggéré par McNamara et al. Cependant, notre étude met en évidence d'autres schémas de répercussions non identifiés dans ce modèle. Nous souhaitons apporter des modifications au modèle de McNamara afin d'intégrer ces schémas, ainsi que des stratégies visant à atténuer les impacts de la pandémie.

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