Roseomonas acroporae sp. nov., isolated from coral Acropora digitifera.

A non-motile, rod-shaped, pink-pigmented bacterium NAR14T was isolated from coral Acropora digitifera from Daya Bay, Shenzhen, PR China. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. NAR14T grew with 0-6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2-4 %), at 10-41 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and at pH 4.0-9.5 (optimum, 5.0). The major respiratory quinone was Q-10. The predominant fatty acids (more than 10%) were summed feature 8 (65.6 %) and C16 : 0 (17.6%). The DNA G+C content of NAR14T was 73.6 %. The polar lipids of NAR14T comprised one diphosphatidylglycerol, one phosphatidylethanolamine, one phosphatidylglycerol, one phosphatidylcholine, one aminolipid and three unknown polar lipids. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that NAR14T formed a lineage within the genus Roseomonas of the family Acetobacteraceae, and it was distinct from the most closely related species Roseomonas wooponensis JCM 19527T and Roseomonas riguiloci JCM 17520T with the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 94.61 and 93.98 %, respectively. Phenotypic characteristics (physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic) also supported the taxonomic novelty of this isolate. Thus, NAR14T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Roseomonas, for which the name Roseomonas acroporae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NAR14T (=KCTC 92174T = MCCC 1K07275T).

Neorhizobium turbinariae sp. nov., a coral-beneficial bacterium isolated from Turbinaria peltata.

Coral reef ecosystems are facing decline due to climate change, overfishing, habitat destruction and pollution. Bacteria play an essential role in maintaining the stability of coral reef ecosystems, influencing the well-being and fitness of coral hosts. The exploitation of coral probiotics has become an urgent issue. A short-rod shaped aerobic bacterium, designated NTR19T, was isolated in a healthy coral Turbinaria peltata from Daya Bay, Shenzhen, PR China. Its cells were Gram-negative, motile with a polar flagellum. The activities of catalase and oxidase were positive. Strain NTR19T grew at 10-41 °C (optimum, 28 °C), with NaCl concentrations of 0-4 % (w/v; optimum, 0.5 %) and at pH 5.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.0-7.5). The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) were summed feature 8 (57.6 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (12.6 %) and C16 : 0 (12.0 %). The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipid and phosphatidylcholine. The major respiratory quinone was Q-10. The draft genome was 4.68 Mbp with 61.2 mol% DNA G+C content. In total, 4477 coding sequences were annotated and there were 64 RNA genes. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and average amino acid identity (AAI) values between strain NTR19T and the related Neorhizobium species were 78.23-79.70% and 80.26-80.50 %, respectively. This strain encoded many proteins for the activities of catalase and oxidase in the genome. Strain NTR19T was clearly distinct from its closest neighbours Rhizobium oryzicola ACCC 05753T and Neorhizobium petrolearium ACCC 11238T with the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 96.86 and 96.36 %, respectively. The results of phylogenetic analysis, as well as ANI and AAI values, revealed that strain NTR19T belongs to Neorhizobium and was distinct from other species of this genus. The physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics also supported the species novelty of strain NTR19T. Thus, strain NTR19T is considered to be classified as a novel species in the genus Neorhizobium, for which the name Neorhizobium turbinariae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NTR19T (=JCM 35342T=MCCC 1K07226T).

Algiphilus acroporae sp. nov. and Coraliihabitans acroporae gen. nov. sp. nov., isolated from scleractinian coral Acropora digitifera.

Two Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria NNCM1T and NNCM2T were isolated from the scleractinian coral Acropora digitifera. NNCM1T grew with 0.5-12 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3-6 %), at 18-37 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum, 7.0-8.0). NNCM2T grew with 0.5-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 %), at 18-37 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and at pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum, 7.0). The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that NNCM1T formed a lineage within the genus Algiphilus of the family Algiphilaceae, and it was distinct from the most closely related species Algiphilus aromaticivorans DG1253T, with a 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity of 97.05 %. NNCM2T formed a lineage within the family Rhodobacteraceae, and it was distinct from the closely related genera Limibaculum halophilum CAU 1123T, Paroceanicella profunda D4M1T and Pseudoruegeria aestuarii MME-001T with 93.41, 92.78 and 91.09% identities, respectively. The major respiratory quinone was Q-8 and Q-10 for NNCM1T and NNCM2T, respectively. The predominant fatty acids (more than 10 %) were summed feature 8 (39.4 %) and C16 : 0 (19.4 %) for NNCM1T and summed feature 8 (62.8 %) and C16 : 0 (12.4 %) for NNCM2T. The DNA G+C contents of NNCM1T and NNCM2T were 63.3 and 63.4 mol% respectively. The polar lipids of NNCM1T comprised one diphosphatidylglycerol, one phosphatidylethanolamine, one phosphatidylglycerol and one unknown polar lipid, while those of NNCM2T comprised one phosphatidylethanolamine, one phosphatidylglycerol, one aminolipid and four unknown polar lipids. Phenotypic characteristics (physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic) also supported the taxonomic novelty of the two isolates. Thus, NNCM1T is considered to represent a novel species within genus Algiphilus, for which the name Algiphilus acroporae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NNCM1T (=KCTC 82966T=MCCC 1K06445T). NNCM2T represents a novel genus and species within the family Rhodobacteraceae, for which the name Coraliihabitans acroporae gen. nov. sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NNCM2T (=KCTC 82967T=MCCC 1K06408T).

Aquimarina acroporae sp. nov., isolated from seawater surrounding scleractinian coral Acropora digitifera.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium (D1M17T) was isolated from the seawater surrounding scleractinian coral Acropora digitifera in Daya Bay, Shenzhen, PR China. Strain D1M17T grew with 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3-4 %), at 15-37 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and at pH 4.5-8.5 (optimum, pH 7.0-7.5). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain D1M17T formed a lineage within the genus Aquimarina, family Flavobacteriaceae, and it was distinct from the most closely related species Aquimarina salinaria LMG 25375T, Aquimarina gracilis JCM 17453T and Aquimarina spongiae KCTC 22663T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.2, 97.2 and 97.1 %, respectively. The major respiratory quinone was MK-6. The predominant fatty acids (more than 10 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (28.8 %), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (21.5 %) and iso-C15 : 1 G (13.1 %). The DNA G+C content of D1M17T was 34.4 mol%. The polar lipids in D1M17T comprised one phospholipid and five unknown polar lipids. Phenotypic characteristics (physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic) also supported the taxonomic novelty of this isolate. Thus, strain D1M17T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Aquimarina, for which the name Aquimarina acroporae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D1M17T (=KCTC 92172T= MCCC 1K07224T).