RESUMO
The present study compared the appearance and chemical composition of fruits of Perilla frutescens var. arguta(PFA) and P. frutescens var. frutescens(PFF). VHX-6000 3 D depth of field synthesis technology was applied for the appearance observation. The metabolites were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by pre-column derivatization combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). Finally, cluster analysis(CA), principal component analysis(PCA), and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) were applied for exploring the differences in their chemical compositions. The results indicated that the size and color of PFA and PFF fruits were different. PFF fruits were significantly larger than PFA fruits. The surface color of PFA fruits was brown, while PFF fruits were in multiple colors, such as white, grayish-white, and brown. Amino acids, saccharides, organic acids, fatty acids, and phenolic acids were identified in PFA and PFF fruits. The results of CA, PCA, and OPLS-DA indicated significant differences in the content of components between PFA and PFF fruits. Three metabolites, including D-glucose, rosmarinic acid, and D-fructose, which were significantly higher in PFA fruits than in PFF fruits, were screened out as differential metabolites. Considering the regulation on the content of rosmarinic acid in Perillae Fructus in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition), the medicinal value of PFA fruits is higher than that of PFF. In conclusion, there are differences in appearance and chemical composition between PFA fruits and PFF fruits. These results are expected to provide fundamental data for specifying plant source and quality control of Perillae Fructus.
Assuntos
Perilla frutescens , Ácidos Graxos , Frutas , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Extratos VegetaisRESUMO
Twelve hydrolyzable tannins were obtained from the twigs of Myricaria bracteata, including two new hellinoyl-type dimers, bracteatinins D1 (1) and D2 (2); a new hellinoyl-type trimer, bracteatinin T1 (3); two known monomers, nilotinin M4 (4) and 1,3-di-O-galloyl-4,6-O-(aS)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-ß-d-glucose (5); six known dimers, tamarixinin A (6), nilotinin D8 (7), hirtellins A (10), B (9), and E (8), and isohirtellin C (11); and a known trimer, hirtellin T3 (12). The structures of the tannins were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis and comparisons to known tannins. All compounds were evaluated as free radical scavengers using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydroxy radicals and compared to the activity of BHT and Trolox. Compound 6 showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect on croton oil-induced ear edema in mice (200 mg/kg, inhibition rate 69.8%) and on collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice (20 mg/kg, inhibition rate 46.0% at day 57).
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/isolamento & purificação , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/isolamento & purificação , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Taninos Hidrolisáveis/isolamento & purificação , Taninos Hidrolisáveis/farmacologia , Tamaricaceae/química , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Artrite Experimental/induzido quimicamente , Compostos de Bifenilo/farmacologia , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Taninos Hidrolisáveis/química , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos DBA , Microssomos Hepáticos/efeitos dos fármacos , Estrutura Molecular , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Picratos/farmacologia , RatosRESUMO
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the influence of fentanyl on the effective dose of remimazolam-induced sedation in elderly female patients undergoing general anesthesia. Patients and Methods: Sixty female patients aged 65-80 years undergoing selective general anesthesia were randomized into two groups: Group R+F received an initial dose of remimazolam (7.5 mg) with fentanyl (1 µg/kg), while Group R received remimazolam alone. Dosing adjustments (±2.5 mg) were made based on the response of the preceding patient using the up-and-down allocation technique. The ED50 and ED95 were calculated using a sequential formula and probit regression. Probit regression was also used to assess the relative potency of remimazolam between groups. Sedation levels were evaluated using the Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (MOAA/S) scale. Results: The ED50 for remimazolam was significantly lower in Group R+F compared to Group R (p= 0.007). Probit regression estimated the ED50 and ED95 values for Group R+F at 4.878 mg (95% CI, 3.845-5.859) and 8.184 mg (95% CI, 6.636-13.546), respectively. In contrast, Group R demonstrated ED50 and ED95 values of 6.733 mg (95% CI, 5.533-8.068) and 11.298 mg (95% CI, 9.101-19.617), respectively. Conclusion: This study provides compelling evidence that the administration of 1 µg/kg of fentanyl significantly reduces the required sedative dose of remimazolam by approximately 30% during induction in elderly patients. Importantly, the concomitant use of 1 µg/kg of fentanyl does not increase the risk of adverse effects such as hypotension, respiratory depression.
Assuntos
Benzodiazepinas , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Fentanila , Hipnóticos e Sedativos , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Fentanila/administração & dosagem , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/administração & dosagem , Benzodiazepinas/administração & dosagem , Anestesia GeralRESUMO
Landfill is reservoir containing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that pose a threat to human life and health. Heavy metals impose lasting effects on ARGs. This review investigated and analyzed the distribution, composition, and abundance of heavy metals and ARGs in landfill. The abundance ranges of ARGs detected in refuse and leachate were similar. The composition of ARG varied with sampling depth in refuse. ARG in leachate varies with the distribution of ARG in the refuse. The ARG of sulI was associated with 11 metals (Co, Pb, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Sb, As, Cd, and Al). The effects of the total metal concentration on ARG abundance were masked by many factors. Low heavy metal concentrations showed positive effects on ARG diffusion; conversely, high heavy metal concentrations showed negative effects. Organic matter had a selective pressure effect on microorganisms and could provide energy for the diffusion of ARGs. Complexes of heavy metals and organic matter were common in landfill. Therefore, the hypothesis was proposed that organic matter and heavy metals have combined effects on the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of ARGs during landfill stabilization. This work provides a new basis to better understand the HGT of ARGs in landfill.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Metais Pesados , Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Genes Bacterianos , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos/genética , Instalações de Eliminação de ResíduosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There are increasing studies showing that the use of a lung-protective ventilation strategy has a lung protection effect in patients undergoing abdominal surgery; however, the appropriate positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) has not yet defined. Adopting a suitable PEEP may prevent postoperative pulmonary complications. Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery is the newest and most minimally invasive treatment for bladder cancer or prostate cancer. It is also necessary to consider the effects of Trendelenburg position with pneumoperitoneum on airway pressure and pulmonary function. The role of PEEP during the intraoperative period in preventing postoperative pulmonary complications for robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery is not clearly defined. METHODS/DESIGN: A total of 208 patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical resection for bladder cancer or prostate cancer will be enrolled and then randomly assigned to a standard PEEP (6-8 cm H2O) group and a low PEEP (≤2 cm H2O) group. Both groups will receive an inspired oxygen fraction of 0.50 and a tidal volume of 8 mL/kg ideal body weight. Standard perioperative fluid management standardization and analgesic treatments will be applied in both groups. The primary endpoint is postoperative pulmonary complications within 7 days after surgery. Secondary endpoints are the modified clinical pulmonary infection score, postoperative extrapulmonary complications, postoperative surgical complications, intensive care unit length of stay, hospital length of stay, and 30-day mortality. DISCUSSION: This trial aimed to assess the effects of low tidal volumes combined with intraoperative PEEP ventilation strategy on postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical resection for bladder cancer or prostate cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ID: ChiCTR1800019867 . Registered on December 2, 2018.
Assuntos
Laparoscopia/métodos , Pneumopatias/prevenção & controle , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Ensaios Clínicos Pragmáticos como Assunto , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos/métodos , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/cirurgia , Método Duplo-Cego , Humanos , Masculino , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Respiração com Pressão Positiva , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Source and ambient samples were collected in a city in China that uses considerable biofuel, to assess influence of biofuel combustion and other sources on particulate matter (PM). Profiles and size distribution of biofuel combustion were investigated. Higher levels in source profiles, a significant increase in heavy-biomass ambient and stronger correlations of K+, Cl-, OC and EC suggest that they can be tracers of biofuel combustion. And char-EC/soot-EC (8.5 for PM2.5 and 15.8 for PM10 of source samples) can also be used to distinguish it. In source samples, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) were approximately 28.0%-68.8% (PM2.5) and 27.2%-43.8% (PM10) of OC. For size distribution, biofuel combustion mainly produces smaller particles. OC1, OC2, EC1 and EC2 abundances showed two peaks with one below 1 µm and one above 2 µm. An advanced three-way factory analysis model was applied to quantify source contributions to ambient PM2.5 and PM10. Higher contributions of coal combustion, vehicular emission, nitrate and biofuel combustion occurred during the heavy-biomass period, and higher contributions of sulfate and crustal dust were observed during the light-biomass period. Mass and percentage contributions of biofuel combustion were significantly higher in heavy-biomass period. The biofuel combustion attributed above 45% of K+ and Cl-, above 30% of EC and about 20% of OC. In addition, through analysis of source profiles and contributions, they were consistently evident that biofuel combustion and crustal dust contributed more to cation than to anion, while sulfate & SOC and nitrate showed stronger influence on anion than on cation.