Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) and risk of diabetes in Chinese adults: a prospective cohort study.

PURPOSE: The Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) is a valid instrument to assess the diet quality of the Chinese population, but evidence regarding the relationship between CHEI and the risk of diabetes remains limited. We aimed to investigate the prospective association of CHEI with diabetes among Chinese adults. METHODS: 1563 adults free of diabetes at baseline and with at least two survey data from 1997 to 2018 were included. Dietary information was collected by three consecutive 24-h recalls combined with household food inventory, and long-term diet quality was evaluated by the CHEI. Diabetes was defined as self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes and/or fasting blood glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L, and/or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%. Cox proportional hazard models and restricted cubic spline analysis were used to estimate the associations between CHEI and diabetes. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 12.0 years, 192 (10.3%) participants developed new-onset diabetes. Generally, a five-point higher CHEI score was significantly associated with a 17% lower risk of diabetes (HR, 0.83; 95%CI 0.71-0.97). In stratified analysis, inverse associations between CHEI and diabetes were more vigorous in females (HR, 0.68; 95%CI 0.54-0.85) than in males (P for interaction = 0.01). In addition, there was an L-shaped association between CHEI and diabetes risk in the whole population (P for non-linearity = 0.026), while no significant non-linear association was observed in females or males, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that a long-term higher-quality diet evaluated by CHEI was significantly associated with lower risks of diabetes, and the favorable associations were more pronounced among females.

Associations between different body mass index and lung function impairment in Chinese people aged over 40 years: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the associations between different body mass index (BMI) levels and different lung function impairment (LFI) in Chinese people aged over 40 years. METHODS: We used a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method to investigate 3000 residents aged over 40 years from 5 areas in Hubei province of China in 2019-20. The data on questionnaire, physical measurements, and spirometry of the participants were collected. The associations of different BMI levels with different LFI were analyzed using multivariate logistic regressions after complex weighting. The spirometry data were analyzed using one-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), and post-hoc was performed using the least significance difference (LSD)-t test. RESULTS: A total of 2860 subjects were included. The prevalence (95%CI) of obstructive lung disease (OLD), restrictive lung disease (RLD), mixed lung disease (MLD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), COPD mild, and COPD moderate/severe/very severe were 24.1% (95% CI: 22.2-26.2), 11.6% (95% CI: 10.3-12.9), 4.0% (95% CI: 3.3-4.8), 12.6% (95% CI: 11.0-14.1), 7.2% (95% CI: 6.0-8.4), and 5.3% (95% CI: 4.3-6.4) respectively. After multivariate adjustment, the risk of OLD, COPD, and COPD mild decreased with the increment of BMI levels (both P for trend < 0.05). When compared to the normal weight group, the overweight group and obese group were at lower risk of experiencing OLD than normal group, the ORs were 0.77 (95% CI: 0.59-0.99) and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.40-0.86) respectively. The obese group was at lower risk for people with COPD mild (OR: 0.42, 95%CI: 0.21-0.85). Participants in underweight group were more likely to experience COPD and COPD moderate/severe/very severe, the ORs were 2.82 (95% CI: 1.07-7.39) and 3.89 (95% CI: 1.28-11.87) respectively. CONCLUSION: Higher BMI levels were associated with an decreased risk of OLD and COPD. Obesity had a protective effect on lung function in OLD patients and COPD patients. However, there was no significant difference in RLD and MLD prevalence between different BMI groups.

[Correlation between dietary protein intake and metabolic syndrome in Hubei Province adult residents in 2010-2012].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between dietary protein intake and metabolic syndrome( MS) among the men and women of Hubei Province. METHODS: Data were obtained from the 2010-2012 Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey in Hubei Province. Cross-sectional data on 1827 men and women aged l8 years and above was gathered from 6 monitoring sites by multi-stage stratified and Probability Proportionate to Size( PPS) cluster random sampling method. All subjects took the dietary survey with the 24-hour recall method for 3 consecutive days, medical examination and blood assay. Prevalence of MS was defined under the diagnostic criteria of Joint Interim Statement( JIS2009), and the logistic regression was used to explore the possible relationships between dietary protein intake and MS among 18 years old and above adults, when calculating the OR and its 95% CI of MS. RESULTS: After adjusting for covariates, increased risks of MS were related with percentage of energy from protein( OR = 1. 44, 95% CI 1. 19-2. 03) and percentage of protein from animal foods( OR = 1. 16, 95% CI2. 02-2. 08) among men. Meanwhile, no significant correlations were shown betweendietary protein intake and MS among women. CONCLUSION: There are gender differences at the correlation between dietary protein intake and MS. Percentage of energy from protein and percentage of protein from animal foods could possibly be the risk factors of MS among men.

Prognostic Significance of microRNA-7 and its Roles in the Regulation of Cisplatin Resistance in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Previously, microRNA (miR)-7 has been reported to function as a tumor suppressor in human cancers, but the correlations of miR-7 expression with prognosis and cisplatin (CDDP) resistance in lung adenocarcinoma (LA) are unclear. Here, our aim is to determine the prognostic significance of miR-7 and its roles in the regulation of CDDP resistance in LA. METHODS: Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay was performed to determine miR-7 expression in 108 paired of LA tissues and analyze its correlations with clinicopathological factors of patients. The patient survival data were collected retrospectively by Kaplan-Meier analyses, and multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model to determine the prognostic significance of miR-7 expression. The effects of miR-7 expression on the chemosensitivity of LA cells to CDDP and its possible mechanisms were evaluated by MTT, flow cytometry, Western blot and luciferase assays. RESULTS: It was observed that the relative expression level of miR-7 in LA tissues was significantly lower than that in the adjacent normal tissues and low miR-7 expression level was closely associated with poorer tumor differentiation, advanced pathological T-factor, higher incidence of lymph node metastasis and advanced p-TNM stage. Also, patients with low miR-7 expression showed a shorter overall survival than those with high miR-7 expression, and multivariate analysis indicated that status of miR-7 expression was an independent molecular biomarker for predicting the overall survival (OS) of LA patients. In addition, upregulation of miR-7 increases the sensitivity of LA cells to CDDP via induction of apoptosis by targeting Bcl-2. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding for the first time demonstrates that low miR-7 expression may be an independent poor prognostic factor and targeting miR-7 may be a potential strategy for the reversal of CDDP resistance in LA.

[Evaluation of the feeding status of infants and young children under 2 years old in rural areas of Hubei province].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the current feeding status of infants and young children under 2 years old in rural areas of Hubei province. METHODS: The study was conducted by cluster random sampling from September 2009 to march 2010. The data on breastfeeding and complementary food supplement of the 1 197 infants and young children aged 0-23 months in 8 counties of Hubei province were collected through questionnaires. The feeding status was analyzed according to the WHO 2008 edition of Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices. RESULTS: A total of 1 197 children aged 0-23 months were investigated. The rate of ever breastfeeding of children aged 0-23 months reached up to 93.9% (1 124/1 197), while the percentage of early initiation of breastfeeding was only 22.0% (263/1 197). The rates of exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months, continued breastfeeding for 1 year, and continued breastfeeding for 2 years were 72.1% (277/384), 17.0% (26/153) and 4.9% (7/144), respectively. The median time of giving complementary food was the 6th month and the weaning time was the 9th month. The rate of complementary food supplemented from 6th-8th month in time was 61.8% (444/718) . The rates of minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency, minimum acceptable diet, and consumption of iron-rich or iron-fortified foods among children aged 6-23 months were 61.7% (502/813), 81.5% (663/813), 54.4% (442/813) and 50.1% (407/813), respectively. CONCLUSION: Late initiation of breastfeeding, non-continued breastfeeding, giving complementary food too early or too late, inadequate category and frequency of complementary food, and the low rate of consumption of iron-rich or iron-fortified foods were the main issues to be concerned on infant feeding in rural areas of Hubei province.

Glucose metabolism in outpatients with new-onset hypertension in Chinese Han population.

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of glucose abnormalities in a Chinese Han population with untreated new-onset hypertension. Four hundred and ninety-nine new-onset hypertensive patients without diabetes were enrolled in this study. An abnormal glucose metabolism was diagnosed in 57.1% of the new-onset hypertensive patients without previously diagnosed diabetes. Stratified by age, the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes were increased with aging. Male sex, advanced age, higher serum triglycerides, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance levels were all significantly associated with the increased risks of pre-diabetes or diabetes in new-onset hypertensive patients when analyzed by the logistic regression analysis.

Relationship between dietary factors and the number of altered metabolic syndrome components in Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey.

OBJECTIVES: To study the correlation between dietary factors and the number of altered metabolic syndrome components (MetS) in Chinese adults systematically. SETTING: A cross-sectional study using demographic and dietary data of adults aged 18-75 years from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (2009) was conducted in nine provinces in China. PARTICIPANTS: There were 6034 eligible subjects (2800 men and 3234 women) in this study. OUTCOMES: The primary outcome of this study were diet assessments and the number of altered MetS components. Dietary intake was measured using a combination of a 3-day period with 24-hour and household food inventory; average daily intakes of nutrients were estimated according to the Chinese Food Composition Table. Blood samples were analysed in a national central laboratory and the number of clustering MetS components was calculated by adding the presence of each MetS component. RESULTS: After adjusting for covariates, and taking zero MetS as comparison, the high risk factors correlating with increased numbers of altered MetS components in men were higher intake of protein (70.4-73.4 g; Ptrend=0.0004), cholesterol (238.7-266.6 mg; Ptrend=0.004), meat (90.6-105.7 g; Ptrend=0.016), fish/seafood (30.4-42.3 g; Ptrend=0.001), and lower intake of coarse cereals (16.5-12.7 g; Ptrend=0.051), tubers (37.3-32.7 g; Ptrend=0.030), and dietary fibre (11.7-11.5 g; ANCOVA p=0.058). Meanwhile, the high risk factors correlating with the increased number of altered MetS components in women were higher intake of wheat (101.9-112.6 g; Ptrend=0.066) and sodium (3862.3-4005.7 mg, Ptrend=0.032), and lower intake of ß-carotene (1578.6-1382.7 µg; Ptrend=0.007), milk, and dairy products (17.8-11.5 g; Ptrend=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Some foods and nutritional factors correlate with an increased number of altered MetS components in Chinese adults. More prospective, multicentre and clinical research work to further examine these associations is underway.

[Soy isoflavones with supplemental calcium provide protection against the loss of bone mass and influence insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I after ovariectomy in rat].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of soy isoflavone with supplemental calcium to soy isoflavone or Ca alone on preservation of bone mineral density (BMD) and the expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley (SD) female Rats, 6 months old, were ovariectomized and randomized into five groups: sham-operated group (n = 10) or ovx (n = 40) group. Shams were fed a 3.272 g/kg Ca diet. Ovx rats were randomized to a 3.272 g/kg Ca diet alone (OVX) or with soy isoflavone (SI) extract (37.95 mg/kg.bw) or to a supplemental Ca diet (Ca, 4.676 g/kg) alone or a supplemental Ca diet with the isoflavone extract (SI + Ca) for 12 weeks. BMD of femur was measured by scanner of bone mineral density. The level of IGF-1 mRNA expression was measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between group Sham (0.267 +/- 0.008) and group SI + Ca (0.263 +/- 0.007) g/cm(2) (P > 0.05) on femur BMD of distal end. Femur BMD of distal end in group Sham and group SI + Ca was greater (P < 0.05) as compared to group OVX (0.245 +/- 0.005) g/cm(2), SI (0.258 +/- 0.011) g/cm(2) or Ca (0.255 +/- 0.004) g/cm(2), P < 0.05. The liver tissue IGF-1 mRNA contents (IGF-1 cDNA/B-actin cDNA) were significantly decreased in group Sham (0.200 +/- 0.023) g/cm(2), SI (0.278 +/- 0.019) g/cm(2), Ca (0.302 +/- 0.026) g/cm(2) or SI + Ca (0.231 +/- 0.025) g/cm(2) as compared to group OVX (0.362 +/- 0.031) g/cm(2), P < 0.05; The liver tissue IGF-1 mRNA contents (IGF-1 cDNA/B-actin cDNA) were significantly decreased in group SI + Ca (0.231 +/- 0.025) g/cm(2) compared to group SI (0.278 +/- 0.019) g/cm(2) and Ca (0.302 +/- 0.026) g/cm(2), P < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Soy isoflavones combined with supplemental Ca are more protective against the loss of femur BMD than soy isoflavones or supplemental Ca diet alone. The dose of SI (37.95 mg/kg.bw) might significantly restrain the rising of the liver tissue IGF-1 mRNA contents caused by ovariectomy.

Expression of microRNA-218 and its clinicopathological and prognostic significance in human glioma cases.

BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs are a class of noncoding RNAs which regulate multiple cellular processes during tumor development. The purpose of this report is to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of miR-218 in human gliomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted to detect the expression of miR-218 in primary normal human astrocytes, three glioma cell lines and 98 paired glioma and adjacent normal brain tissues.Associations of miR-218 with clinicopathological variables of glioma patients were statistically analyzed. Finally, a survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox's proportional hazards model. RESULTS: The expression level of miR-218 in primary normal human astrocytes was significantly higher than that in glioma cell lines (p<0.01). Also, the expression level of miR-218 in glioma tissues was significantly downregulated in comparison with that in the adjacent normal brain tissues (p<0.001). Statistical analyses demonstrated that low miR-218 expression was closely associated with advanced WHO grade (p=0.002) and low Karnofsky performance score (p=0.010) of glioma patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log-rank test showed that patients with low-miR-218 expression had poorer disease-free survival and overall survival (p=0.0045 and 0.0124, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that miR-218 expression was independently associated with the disease-free survival (p=0.009) and overall survival (p=0.004) of glioma patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that miR-218 is downregulated in gliomas and that its status might be a potential valuable biomarker for glioma patients.

Elevating circulation chemerin level is associated with endothelial dysfunction and early atherosclerotic changes in essential hypertensive patients.

OBJECTIVES: Chemerin is a new adipokine elevated in states of obesity and metabolic syndromes. In this study, we investigated the association of increased chemerin on endothelial function, arterial stiffness and early atherosclerosis in essential hypertensive patients. METHODS: Three hundred and sixty-seven newly diagnosed essential hypertensive patients were enrolled. Anthropometric measurements and plasma parameters were examined, including BMI, waist circumference, glucose, serum insulin, lipid profiles, chemerin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-4. Vascular health was assessed with brachial flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). RESULTS: In hypertensive patients, plasma chemerin levels were higher in women than in men (P < 0.05). In univariate analysis, the plasma chemerin level was positively correlated with baPWV (men: r = 0.58, P < 0.01; women: r = 0.51, P < 0.01) and carotid IMT (men: r = 0.17, P = 0.01; women: r = 0.20, P = 0.01), and inversely correlated with FMD (men: r = -0.54, P < 0.01; women: r = -0.44, P < 0.01). The associations for FMD and baPWV, but not IMT, remained significant in multivariable models adjusted for age, sex, glucose homeostasis, lipid profiles, inflammation markers and adipokines. More importantly, logistic regression analysis revealed that high chemerin level was an independent predictor of impaired endothelial function (FMD odds ratio 1.58, 95% confidence interval 1.28-3.30, P = 0.03) and increased arterial stiffness (baPWV odds ratio 3.75, 95% confidence interval 1.36-5.28, P < 0.01), even after adjustment for metabolic variables, inflammatory markers and adipokines. CONCLUSION: Chemerin levels were independently associated with the index of arterial function and early atherosclerosis in essential hypertension.

Nutritional status on vitamin A, vitamin D and its relation with height among primary and middle school students in poor rural areas of Enshi from 2012 to 2021 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the status of physical development, vitamin A and vitamin D among primary and middle school students in poor rural areas in Hubei, to evaluate the implementation effectiveness of the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students (abbreviated to the program) from 2012 to 2021.@*Methods@#In Enshi City, a pilot monitoring county of the program in Hubei, and a total of 2 554 students from one primary school and one junior middle school were randomly selected. During September to October in 2012-2021, height was measured, and fasting venous blood was collected from students, and serum vitamin A and vitamin D were detected.@*Results@#From 2012 to 2021, height, serum vitamin A and serum vitamin D concentration increased by 2.7 cm, 96.7 μg/L and 8.6 ng/mL. Growth retardation rate decreased by 1.0%. The subclinical and clinical deficiency of serum vitamin A decreased by 37.3% and 6.2%. The subclinical and clinical deficiency of serum vitamin D decreased by 45.7% and 8.5%. Height was positively correlated with serum vitamin A status and negatively correlated with serum vitamin D status ( r =0.08,-0.08, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#The pilot counties of the program in Enshi, has witnessed improvement in height, serum vitamin A and vitamin D status among primary and secondary students. However, future efforts remains essential as subclinical deficiency of vitamin A and vitamin D are noted in some students. Serum vitamin A is positively associated with height, and vitamin D is negatively associated with height.Considering the correlation between serum vitamin A and vitamin D status with height, continued efforts should be implemented in poor rural areasto strengthen targeted nutrition intervention for students in Hubei.

Clinicopathological significance of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) expression in human malignant glioma.

Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a variety of serine/threonine-protein kinase, has been reported to play important roles in malignant transformation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological significance of PLK1 expression in malignant glioma. A semi-quantitative RT-PCR assay was performed to detect the expression of PLK1 mRNA in 68 cases of glioma tissues and corresponding non-cancerous brain tissues. Additionally, the correlation of PLK1 mRNA expression with clinicopathological factors or prognosis of glioma patients was statistically analyzed. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors was performed using the Cox proportional hazard model. Small interfering RNA was used to knockdown PLK1 expression in a glioma cell line and analyze the effects of PLK1 inhibition on growth, cell cycle, apoptosis and chemo- or radiosensitivity of glioma cells. Results showed that the expression of PLK1 mRNA was significantly higher in glioma tissues than in corresponding normal brain tissues. The expression of PLK1 mRNA was closely correlated with WHO grade, KPS and tumor recurrence of glioma patients (P=0.022, 0.030 and 0.041, respectively). Meanwhile, the disease-free and overall survival rates of patients with high PLK1 mRNA expression were obviously lower than those of patients with low PLK1 mRNA expression. Multivariate analysis showed that high PLK1 mRNA expression was a poor prognostic factor for glioma patients (P=0.028). The expression of PLK1 mRNA and protein was significantly down-regulated in stably transfected U251-S cells. PLK1 down-regulation could inhibit growth, induce cell arrest in G2/M phase of cell cycle and apoptosis enhancement in glioma cells. Further, PLK1 down-regulation could enhance the sensitivity of glioma cells to cisplatin or irradiation. Thus, the status of PLK1 mRNA expression might be an independent prognostic factor for glioma patients and targeting PLK1 could be a novel strategy for chemo- or radiosensitization of human malignant gliomas.