RESUMO
Where there is life, there are viruses. The impact of viruses on evolution, global nutrient cycling, and disease has driven research on their cellular and molecular biology. Knowledge exists for a wide range of viruses; however, a major exception are viruses with archaeal hosts. Archaeal virus-host systems are of great interest because they have similarities to both eukaryotic and bacterial systems and often live in extreme environments. Here we report the first proteomics-based experiments on archaeal host response to viral infection. Sulfolobus Turreted Icosahedral Virus (STIV) infection of Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 was studied using 1D and 2D differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE) to measure abundance and redox changes. Cysteine reactivity was measured using novel fluorescent zwitterionic chemical probes that, together with abundance changes, suggest that virus and host are both vying for control of redox status in the cells. Proteins from nearly 50% of the predicted viral open reading frames were found along with a new STIV protein with a homologue in STIV2. This study provides insight to features of viral replication novel to the archaea, makes strong connections to well-described mechanisms used by eukaryotic viruses such as ESCRT-III mediated transport, and emphasizes the complementary nature of different omics approaches.
Assuntos
Proteínas Arqueais/análise , Vírus de Archaea/metabolismo , Proteômica/métodos , Sulfolobus solfataricus/metabolismo , Sulfolobus solfataricus/virologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Proteínas Arqueais/química , Proteínas Arqueais/metabolismo , Vírus de Archaea/genética , Cromatografia Líquida , Eletroforese em Gel Bidimensional , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Alinhamento de Sequência , Sulfolobus solfataricus/química , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Replicação ViralRESUMO
A highly stereoselective and convergent total synthesis of bistramide A is described. The salient feature of this synthesis is the construction of the spiroketal subunit by hydrolysis of dialkylated tosylmethyl isocyanide derivative derived via alkylation of TosMIC with suitably substituted halohydrin derivatives.
Assuntos
Acetamidas/síntese química , Piranos/síntese química , Animais , Estrutura Molecular , Compostos de Espiro/síntese química , Urocordados/químicaRESUMO
A highly practical and modular synthesis to obtain a diverse 14-membered ring-based macrocyclic toolbox is achieved. These compounds were further tested in zebrafish assays related to early embryonic development, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis, respectively. 1.4c was identified as an antiangiogenesis agent.