Sclerostin in periodontal ligament: Homeostatic regulator in biophysical force-induced tooth movement.

AIM: To study the role of sclerostin in periodontal ligament (PDL) as a homeostatic regulator in biophysical-force-induced tooth movement (BFTM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: BFTM was performed in rats, followed by microarray, immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization, and real-time polymerase chain reaction for the detection and identification of the molecules. The periodontal space was analysed via micro-computed tomography. Effects on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption were evaluated in the bone-marrow-derived cells in mice. In vitro human PDL cells were subjected to biophysical forces. RESULTS: In the absence of BFTM, sclerostin was hardly detected in the periodontium except in the PDL and alveolar bone in the furcation region and apex of the molar roots. However, sclerostin was up-regulated in the PDL in vivo by adaptable force, which induced typical transfiguration without changes in periodontal space as well as in vitro PDL cells under compression and tension. In contrast, the sclerostin level was unaffected by heavy force, which caused severe degeneration of the PDL and narrowed periodontal space. Sclerostin inhibited osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, which corroborates the accelerated tooth movement by the heavy force. CONCLUSIONS: Sclerostin in PDL may be a key homeostatic molecule in the periodontium and a biological target for the therapeutic modulation of BFTM.

Periodontal ligament preloading and rapid prototyping of the donor tooth in the autotransplantation of premolars with complete root formation.

This case report describes the successful orthodontic treatment of an 11-year-old girl with skeletal Class II malocclusion and congenitally missing mandibular second premolars. To resolve her upper lip protrusion and restore the missing mandibular premolars, extraction of the maxillary first premolars and subsequent autotransplantation of the extracted premolars onto the site of the missing mandibular second premolars were performed. To ensure the success of the autotransplantation and subsequent orthodontic treatment, an orthodontic force was preapplied on the donor teeth, and the recipient sockets were prepared with the aid of replica teeth. Thereafter, comprehensive orthodontic treatment was performed to close the extraction space in the maxilla and align the mandibular dentition, including the transplants. The patient achieved a functional occlusion with an improved facial profile. Results of the orthodontic treatment and autotransplantation were stable during the 5-year follow-up. On the basis of this report, a management protocol for a biomechanically enhanced autotransplantation procedure was suggested. This approach would enable an effective treatment procedure, thereby increasing the usefulness of autotransplantation.

Accuracy of auto-identification of the posteroanterior cephalometric landmarks using cascade convolution neural network algorithm and cephalometric images of different quality from nationwide multiple centers.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of auto-identification of the posteroanterior (PA) cephalometric landmarks using the cascade convolution neural network (CNN) algorithm and PA cephalogram images of a different quality from nationwide multiple centers nationwide. METHODS: Of the 2798 PA cephalograms from 9 university hospitals, 2418 images (2075 training set and 343 validation set) were used to train the CNN algorithm for auto-identification of 16 PA cephalometric landmarks. Subsequently, 99 pretreatment images from the remaining 380 test set images were used to evaluate the accuracy of auto-identification of the CNN algorithm by comparing with the identification by a human examiner (gold standard) using V-Ceph 8.0 (Ostem, Seoul, South Korea). Pretreatment images were used to eliminate the effects of orthodontic bracket, tube and wire, surgical plate, and surgical screws. Paired t test was performed to compare the x- and y-coordinates of each landmark. The point-to-point error and the successful detection rate (range, within 2.0 mm) were calculated. RESULTS: The number of landmarks without a significant difference between the location identified by the human examiner and by auto-identification by the CNN algorithm were 8 on the x-coordinate and 5 on the y-coordinate, respectively. The mean point-to-point error was 1.52 mm. The low point-to-point error (<1.0 mm) was observed at the left and right antegonion (0.96 mm and 0.99 mm, respectively) and the high point-to-point error (>2.0 mm) was observed at the maxillary right first molar root apex (2.18 mm). The mean successful detection rate of auto-identification was 83.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Cascade CNN algorithm for auto-identification of PA cephalometric landmarks showed a possibility of an effective alternative to manual identification.

Vertical bony step between proximal and distal segments after mandibular setback is related with relapse: A cone-beam computed tomographic study.

INTRODUCTION: Vertical bony step (VBS) occurs between proximal and distal segments of the mandible during mandibular setback surgery with bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether VBS is correlated with the relapse of mandibular setback using 3-dimensional models constructed from cone-beam computed tomography. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 30 patients who underwent bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy for a mandibular setback. Double jaw surgery was performed in 18 patients, and isolated mandibular setback surgery was performed in 12 patients. Cone-beam computed tomography scans were taken at pretreatment (T0), postsurgery (T1), and posttreatment (T2). Treatment changes and the correlations between measurements were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean mandibular setback was -11.9 mm, and the mean VBS was -5.6 mm. Correlations with the relapse of mandibular setback were found in the amount of mandibular setback (T1 - T0), development of VBS (T1 - T0), posterior movement of the proximal segment (T1 - T0), counterclockwise rotation of symphysis (T2 - T1), and the resolution of VBS (T2 - T1). CONCLUSIONS: The development and resolution of VBS were correlated with the relapse of mandibular setback. Minimizing VBS is recommended to reduce the relapse of mandibular setback.

Accuracy of automated identification of lateral cephalometric landmarks using cascade convolutional neural networks on lateral cephalograms from nationwide multi-centres.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the accuracy of automated identification of cephalometric landmarks using the cascade convolutional neural networks (CNN) on lateral cephalograms acquired from nationwide multi-centres. SETTINGS AND SAMPLE POPULATION: A total of 3150 lateral cephalograms were acquired from 10 university hospitals in South Korea for training. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated the accuracy of the developed model with independent 100 lateral cephalograms as an external validation. Two orthodontists independently identified the anatomic landmarks of the test data set using the V-ceph software (version 8.0, Osstem, Seoul, Korea). The mean positions of the landmarks identified by two orthodontists were regarded as the gold standard. The performance of the CNN model was evaluated by calculating the mean absolute distance between the gold standard and the automatically detected positions. Factors associated with the detection accuracy for landmarks were analysed using the linear regression models. RESULTS: The mean inter-examiner difference was 1.31 ± 1.13 mm. The overall automated detection error was 1.36 ± 0.98 mm. The mean detection error for each landmark ranged between 0.46 ± 0.37 mm (maxillary incisor crown tip) and 2.09 ± 1.91 mm (distal root tip of the mandibular first molar). A significant difference in the detection accuracy among cephalograms was noted according to hospital (P = .011), sensor type (P < .01), and cephalography machine model (P < .01). CONCLUSION: The automated cephalometric landmark detection model may aid in preliminary screening for patient diagnosis and mid-treatment assessment, independent of the type of the radiography machines tested.

The Potential Role of Human NME1 in Neuronal Differentiation of Porcine Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Application of NB-hNME1 as a Human NME1 Suppressor.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the human macrophage (MP) secretome in cellular xenograft rejection. The role of human nucleoside diphosphate kinase A (hNME1), from the secretome of MPs involved in the neuronal differentiation of miniature pig adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (mp AD-MSCs), was evaluated by proteomic analysis. Herein, we first demonstrate that hNME1 strongly binds to porcine ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 1 (pST8SIA1), which is a ganglioside GD3 synthase. When hNME1 binds with pST8SIA1, it induces degradation of pST8SIA1 in mp AD-MSCs, thereby inhibiting the expression of ganglioside GD3 followed by decreased neuronal differentiation of mp AD-MSCs. Therefore, we produced nanobodies (NBs) named NB-hNME1 that bind to hNME1 specifically, and the inhibitory effect of NB-hNME1 was evaluated for blocking the binding between hNME1 and pST8SIA1. Consequently, NB-hNME1 effectively blocked the binding of hNME1 to pST8SIA1, thereby recovering the expression of ganglioside GD3 and neuronal differentiation of mp AD-MSCs. Our findings suggest that mp AD-MSCs could be a potential candidate for use as an additive, such as an immunosuppressant, in stem cell transplantation.

Growth Modulatory Role of Zinc in Prostate Cancer and Application to Cancer Therapeutics.

Zinc is a group IIB heavy metal. It is an important regulator of major cell signaling pathways in most mammalian cells, functions as an antioxidant and plays a role in maintaining genomic stability. Zinc deficiency leads to severe diseases in the brain, pancreas, liver, kidneys and reproductive organs. Zinc loss occurs during tumor development in a variety of cancers. The prostate normally contains abundant intracellular zinc and zinc loss is a hallmark of the development of prostate cancer development. The underlying mechanism of this loss is not clearly understood. The knowledge that excess zinc prevents the growth of prostate cancers suggests that zinc-mediated therapeutics could be an effective approach for cancer prevention and treatment, although challenges remain. This review summarizes the specific roles of zinc in several cancer types focusing on prostate cancer. The relationship between prostate cancer and the dysregulation of zinc homeostasis is examined in detail in an effort to understand the role of zinc in prostate cancer.

Registration accuracy between intraoral-scanned and cone-beam computed tomography-scanned crowns in various registration methods.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to investigate the registration accuracy between intraoral-scanned crowns and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-scanned crowns in various registration methods. METHODS: The samples consisted of 18 Korean adult patients, whose pretreatment intraoral scans and CBCT images were available. A 3-dimensional (3D) dental model was fabricated using a TRIOS intraoral scanner (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark) and the OrthoAnalyzer program (version 1.7.1.4; 3Shape). After the CBCT image was taken, 3D volume rendering was performed to fabricate a 3D dental model using InVivo5 software (version 5.1; Anatomage, San Jose, Calif). Registration of the 3D dental crowns made from intraoral- and CBCT-scanned images was performed with Rapidform 2006 software (Inus Technology, Seoul, Korea) by a single operator. According to registration methods, 3 groups were established: individual-arch-total-registration group, individual-arch-segment-registration group, and bimaxillary-arch-centric-occlusion-registration group (n = 18 per group). After the amounts of shell/shell deviation were obtained, the mixed model analysis of variance and Bonferroni correction were performed. RESULTS: Although there was no significant difference in the registration accuracy between the individual-arch-total-registration group and individual-arch-segment-registration group, the bimaxillary-arch-centric-occlusion-registration group exhibited the lowest registration accuracy (maxillary and mandibular teeth, all 0.21 mm in the individual-arch-total-registration group; all 0.20 mm in the individual-arch-segment-registration group vs 0.26 mm and 0.25 mm in the bimaxillary-arch-centric-occlusion-registration group; P <0.001). Color-coded visualization charts exhibited that most red spots were localized on the occlusal surface of the posterior teeth in all 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: When considering the registration accuracy and convenience of the process, the individual-arch-total-registration method can be regarded as an efficient tool when integrating CBCT-scanned crown and intraoral-scanned crown.

Can we estimate root axis using a 3-dimensional tooth model via lingual-surface intraoral scanning?

INTRODUCTION: This research aimed to compare the estimation error of the root axis using 3-dimensional (3D) tooth models at the midtreatment stage between the whole-surface scan (WSS) and lingual-surface scan (LSS) methods. METHODS: The sample consisted of 208 teeth (26 each of central incisors, canines, second premolars, and first molars in the maxillary and mandibular dentition) from 13 patients whose pre- and midtreatment intraoral scan and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were available. The 3D tooth models were constructed by merging the intraoral-scan crowns and the CBCT-scan roots obtained at the pretreatment stage. To estimate the root axis at the midtreatment stage, we superimposed the individual 3D tooth models onto the midtreatment intraoral scan obtained by the WSS and LSS methods. The midtreatment CBCT scan was used as the gold standard to determine the real root axis. The estimated root axis in terms of mesiodistal angulation and buccolingual inclination was measured in the WSS and LSS methods, and statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: The estimation errors of the mesiodistal angulation and buccolingual inclination were <2.0° in both methods. The LSS method demonstrated a statistically larger but clinically insignificant estimation error than the WSS method in the mandibular canine (mesiodistal angulation, 1.95° vs 1.62°) and the total tested teeth (mesiodistal angulation, 1.40° vs 1.29°; buccolingual inclination, 1.51° vs 1.41°). CONCLUSIONS: Because the estimation errors of the root axis angle using the 3D tooth model by the WSS and LSS methods were within the clinically acceptable range, the root axis can be estimated by both methods.

Effectiveness of pulsed electromagnetic field for pain caused by placement of initial orthodontic wire in female orthodontic patients: A preliminary single-blind randomized clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this 2-arm parallel trial was to assess the effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on the reduction of pain caused by initial orthodontic tooth movement. METHODS: Thirty-three female patients (mean age, 16.8 ± 3.8 years) who began orthodontic treatment using fixed appliances were examined. In the pilot study, male patients were less likely to use the PEMF device (epatchQ; Speed Dental, Seoul, Korea) and answer a survey consistently, so eligibility criteria were female patients who were periodontally and systemically healthy at the initiation of treatment and had no history of dental pain in the prior 2 weeks or who used no medications (anti-inflammatory or analgesic drugs) during the experiment period. Each patient had brackets bonded on the maxillary teeth, and a 0.014-in nickel-titanium archwire was tied with elastomeric rings. Their maxillary arches were randomly divided into left and right sides in a split-mouth design: a normal PEMF device (experimental group) was used on 1 side, and a PEMF device with an inversely inserted battery (placebo group) was used on the opposite side of the arch for 7 hours on 3 consecutive nights. A Google survey link was sent to the patients' mobile phones via text message, and they were instructed to record their current pain on the survey. The survey was sent a total of 6 times after insertion of the initial archwire at 0 (T0), 2 (T1), 6 (T2), 24 (T3), 48 (T4), and 72 (T5) hours. Patients recorded the degree of pain in resting and clenching states using a numeric rating scale (NRS) from 1 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain). PEMF devices were used after T2. Generalized linear mixed models, along with ancillary pairwise analyses, were used to model and evaluate the differences in pain reported over 72 hours. RESULTS: The NRS scores did not differ across the groups during the before-PEMF phase for resting (mean difference, -0.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.73 to 0.59; P = 0.842) and clenching (mean difference, -0.28; 95% CI, -1.11 to 0.56, P = 0.513). During the after-PEMF phase, NRS scores in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the placebo group during both resting (mean difference, -1.46; 95% CI, -2.06 to -0.85; P = <0.001) and clenching (mean difference, -1.88; 95% CI, -2.74 to -1.02, P = <0.001). The NRS scores did not differ across the groups during the before-PEMF phase for either state but were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the placebo group at T3, T4, and T5 (P <0.01). The average NRS score in the clenching state was significantly greater than in the resting state. CONCLUSIONS: PEMF was effective in reducing orthodontic pain caused by initial archwire placement. REGISTRATION: The trial was not registered. PROTOCOL: The protocol was not published before trial commencement.

Comparative Analysis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived From Bone Marrow, Placenta, and Adipose Tissue as Sources of Cell Therapy.

Various source-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with multipotent capabilities were considered for cell therapeutics of incurable diseases. The applicability of MSCs depends on the cellular source and on their different in vivo functions, despite having similar phenotypic and cytological characteristics. We characterized MSCs from different sources, including human bone marrow (BM), placenta (PL), and adipose tissue (AT), in terms of the phenotype, surface antigen expression, differentiation ability, proteome reference map, and blood flow recovery in a hindlimb ischemic disease model. The MSCs exhibit different differentiation potentials depending on the cellular source despite having similar phenotypic and surface antigen expression. We identified approximately 90 differentially regulated proteins. Most up- or down-regulated proteins show cytoskeletal or oxidative stress, peroxiredoxin, and apoptosis roles according to their functional involvement. In addition, the PL-MSCs retained a higher therapeutic efficacy than the BM- and AT-MSCs in the hindlimb ischemic disease model. In summary, we examined differentially expressed key regulatory factors for MSCs that were obtained from several cellular sources and demonstrated their differentially expressed proteome profiles. Our results indicate that primitive PL-MSCs have biological advantages relative to those from other sources, making PL-MSCs a useful model for clinical applications of cell therapy.

Esculetin Induces Apoptosis Through EGFR/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway and Nucleophosmin Relocalization.

Esculetin, a coumarin compound, has anti-proliferative effects on various types of human cancer cells, but its effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is unknown. In this study, we determined whether esculetin had anti-proliferative effects on two oral squamous cell lines, HN22, and HSC2. We found that esculetin inhibited cell viability by inducing apoptosis, as evinced by apoptotic cell morphologies, nuclear fragmentation, and the multi-caspase/MMP activity. Furthermore, proteomic analysis was used to identify the target-specific proteins involved in esculetin treatment. Intriguingly, apoptotic cell death by esculetin was associated with significant inhibition of the EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. We also demonstrated that the expression of nucleophosmin (NPM) markedly decreased after esculetin treatment, and relocalization of NPM from the nucleous to the cytoplasm, together with p65, potentiated apoptotic stimulation. Additionally, our data indicated that NPM expression was markedly higher in OSCC tissues than in normal tissues. Our results collectively indicated that esculetin inhibited the proliferation of OSCC through EGFR-mediated signaling pathways and down-regulation of NPM as well as the perturbation of NPM trafficking from the nucleolus to the cytoplasm resulted in apoptosis.

Dimensional accuracy of digital dental models from cone-beam computed tomography scans of alginate impressions according to time elapsed after the impressions.

INTRODUCTION: Our objective was to investigate the dimensional accuracy of digital dental models obtained from the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of alginate impressions according to the time elapsed after the impressions were taken. METHODS: Alginate impressions were obtained of 20 adults using 2 alginate materials: Alginoplast (Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany) and Cavex (Cavex Holland, Haarlem, The Netherlands). These impressions were stored in wet conditions and scanned by CBCT immediately after impression-taking and after storage times of 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours. After reconstruction of the 3-dimensional digital dental models, the models were measured, and the data were analyzed to determine the dimensional changes according to the time elapsed. The changes within the measurement error were regarded as clinically acceptable in this study. RESULTS: The measurement errors ranged from 0.27 to 0.29 mm in the digital dental models obtained from CBCT scans of the alginate impressions. All measurements showed decreasing accuracy with greater elapsed time after the impressions were taken. Changes above the measurement error occurred at 24 and 36 hours for Cavex and Alginoplast, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Digital dental models can be obtained from CBCT scans of alginate impressions without sending them to a remote laboratory. However, the impressions need to be scanned within 24 hours; otherwise, dimensional changes lead to errors that exceed the error of measurement.

Bone density effects on the success rate of orthodontic microimplants evaluated with cone-beam computed tomography.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of bone densities on the success rate of orthodontic microimplants with cone-beam computed tomography images. METHODS: We examined 127 orthodontic microimplants implanted into the maxillary buccal alveolar bone of 71 patients (53 female, 18 male; mean age, 19.2 years) with malocclusion. The cortical, cancellous, and total bone densities were measured with Simplant Pro 2011 software (version 13; Materialise, Leuven, Belgium), and the correlations between these measurements and the orthodontic microimplant success rates were evaluated with cone-beam computed tomography. RESULTS: The overall success rate was 85.0% (108 of 127). Sex, age, and side of placement were not significant factors for success in the results (P >0.05). The density of the cortical bone increased apically (3, 5, and 7 mm) from the alveolar crest, but in the cancellous bone it decreased. Whereas the orthodontic microimplant success rates significantly increased as cancellous bone density and total bone density increased (P <0.01), cortical bone density did not have a significant effect on the success rate (P >0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The success rate of orthodontic microimplants significantly increased with higher cancellous and total bone densities, whereas cortical bone density did not have a significant effect.

Forced eruption of impacted maxillary central incisors with severely dilacerated roots.

Treatment of impacted dilacerated incisors is challenging for clinicians because of the prominent position of the teeth and the abnormality of their roots. We report on 2 patients who had horizontally upward impacted and severely dilacerated maxillary central incisors. The first patient's root perforated the labial plate without significant resorption, and the second patient's root was resorbed. Both patients were treated by a surgical-orthodontic approach, and the crowns of the impacted teeth were brought into the arches by closed forced eruption. Therefore, if impacted teeth have dilacerated roots, patients should be told of the possibility of root resorption.

Regional Differences of Proteins Expressing in Adipose Depots Isolated from Cows, Steers and Bulls as Identified by a Proteomic Approach.

Adipose tissue in the loin muscle area of beef cattle as a marbling factor is directly associated with beef quality. To elucidate whether properties of proteins involved in depot specific adipose tissue were sex-dependent, we analyzed protein expression of intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) and omental adipose tissue (OMAT) from Hanwoo cows, steers, and bulls of Korean native beef cattle by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomic analysis, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analysis. Two different adipose depots (i.e. intramuscular and omental) were collected from cows (n = 7), steers (n = 7), or bulls (n = 7). LC-MS/MS revealed a total of 55 and 35 proteins in IMAT and OMAT, respectively. Of the 55 proteins identified, 44, 40, and 42 proteins were confirmed to be differentially expressed in IMAT of cows, steers, and bulls, respectively. In OMAT of cows, steers, and bulls, 33, 33, and 22 were confirmed to be differentially expressed, respectively. Tropomyosin (TPM) 1, TPM 2, and TPM3 were subjected to verification by quantitative PCR and western blot analysis in IMAT and OMAT of Hanwoo cows, steers, and bulls as key factors closely associated with muscle development. Both mRNA levels and protein levels of TPM1, TPM2, and TPM3 in IMAT were lower in bulls compared to in cows or steers suggesting that they were positively correlated with marbling score and quality grade. Our results may aid the regulation of marbling development and improvement of meat quality grades in beef cattle.

Proteomic Assessment of the Relevant Factors Affecting Pork Meat Quality Associated with Longissimus dorsi Muscles in Duroc Pigs.

Meat quality is a complex trait influenced by many factors, including genetics, nutrition, feeding environment, animal handling, and their interactions. To elucidate relevant factors affecting pork quality associated with oxidative stress and muscle development, we analyzed protein expression in high quality longissimus dorsi muscles (HQLD) and low quality longissimus dorsi muscles (LQLD) from Duroc pigs by liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomic analysis. Between HQLD (n = 20) and LQLD (n = 20) Duroc pigs, 24 differentially expressed proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS. A total of 10 and 14 proteins were highly expressed in HQLD and LQLD, respectively. The 24 proteins have putative functions in the following seven categories: catalytic activity (31%), ATPase activity (19%), oxidoreductase activity (13%), cytoskeletal protein binding (13%), actin binding (12%), calcium ion binding (6%), and structural constituent of muscle (6%). Silver-stained image analysis revealed significant differential expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) between HQLD and LQLD Duroc pigs. LDHA was subjected to in vitro study of myogenesis under oxidative stress conditions and LDH activity assay to verification its role in oxidative stress. No significant difference of mRNA expression level of LDHA was found between normal and oxidative stress condition. However, LDH activity was significantly higher under oxidative stress condition than at normal condition using in vitro model of myogenesis. The highly expressed LDHA was positively correlated with LQLD. Moreover, LDHA activity increased by oxidative stress was reduced by antioxidant resveratrol. This paper emphasizes the importance of differential expression patterns of proteins and their interaction for the development of meat quality traits. Our proteome data provides valuable information on important factors which might aid in the regulation of muscle development and the improvement of meat quality in longissimus dorsi muscles of Duroc pigs under oxidative stress conditions.

Orthodontic Treatment of Maxillary Incisors with Severe Root Resorption Caused by Bilateral Canine Impaction in a Class II Division 1 Patient.

This case report shows the successful alignment of bilateral impacted maxillary canines. A 12-year-old male with the chief complaint of the protrusion of his maxillary anterior teeth happened to have bilateral maxillary canine impaction on the labial side of his maxillary incisors. Four maxillary incisors showed severe root resorption because of the impacted canines. The patient was diagnosed as skeletal Class II malocclusion with proclined maxillary incisors. The impacted canine was carefully retracted using sectional buccal arch wires to avoid further root resorption of the maxillary incisors. To distalize the maxillary dentition, two palatal miniscrews were used. After 25 months of treatment, the maxillary canines were well aligned without any additional root resorption of the maxillary incisors.

Quercetin Induces Antiproliferative Activity Against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) Cells by Suppressing Specificity Protein 1 (Sp1).

Preclinical Research Quercetin, found in red onions and red apple skin can induce apoptosis insome malignant cells. However, the apoptotic effect of quercetin in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells via regulation of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) has not been studied. Here, we demonstrated that quercetin decreased cell growth and induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells via suppression of Sp1 using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) assay, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, Annexin V, and Western blot analysis, an effect that was dose- and time-dependent manner. Treatment of HepG2 cells with quercetin reduced cell growth and induced apoptosis, followed by regulation of Sp1 and Sp1 regulatory protein. Taken together, the results suggest that quercetin can induce apoptotic cell death by regulating cell cycle and suppressing antiapoptotic proteins. Therefore, quercetin may be useful for cancer prevention. Drug Dev Res 76 : 9-16, 2015.

Evaluation of Aligners and Root Resorption: An Overview of Systematic Reviews.

Background: To evaluate the current evidence on clear aligners and root resorption using 3D and/or combined 2D and 3D methods from available systematic reviews and meta-analyses and to determine the relationship between root resorption and clear aligners using the AMSTAR 2 tool. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of systematic reviews investigating aligners and root resorption, published up until 31 December 2022, was conducted. The following electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, LIVIVO, and LILACS. There were no language restrictions. The inclusion criteria were restricted to studies focusing on root resorption utilizing either 3D methods exclusively or a combination of 2D and 3D techniques. Data were screened and analyzed for quality using the "A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2)" tool. Data extraction was conducted independently by two authors. The gathered information was categorized and synthesized narratively based on the primary findings elucidated within the reviews. Results: Out of a total of 1221 potentially eligible studies initially identified, 4 systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria following the exclusion of irrelevant studies. Among these, two systematic reviews (50%) were classified as low-quality, while the remaining two (50%) were deemed to be of critically low quality. Conclusions: Based on the findings of four systematic reviews, the root resorption rate was lower with the use of clear aligners than with fixed aligners. It is advisable to approach the interpretation of this conclusion with caution, as the quality of the available evidence is assessed to be very low. Higher quality systematic reviews are needed to substantiate this conclusion.