[Complexities and challenges in the management of portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis].

Portal vein thrombosis is a common complication of liver cirrhosis. Based on the recent "Expert Consensus on the Management of Portal Vein Thrombosis in Liver Cirrhosis (2020, Shanghai)", we analyzed a series of differences in the field of portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis and point out the complexities and challenges faced by clinical anticoagulation treatment, so as to provide a reference for further clinical exploration of the standardized management of portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis.

Three-dimensional cell manipulation and patterning using dielectrophoresis via a multi-layer scaffold structure.

Cell manipulation is imperative to the areas of cellular biology and tissue engineering, providing them a useful tool for patterning cells into cellular patterns for different analyses and applications. This paper presents a novel approach to perform three-dimensional (3D) cell manipulation and patterning with a multi-layer engineered scaffold. This scaffold structure employed dielectrophoresis as the non-contact mechanism to manipulate cells in the 3D domain. Through establishing electric fields via this multi-layer structure, the cells in the medium became polarized and were attracted towards the interior part of the structure, forming 3D cellular patterns. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the manipulation and the patterning processes with the proposed structure. Results show that with the presence of a voltage input, this multi-layer structure was capable of manipulating different types of biological cells examined through dielectrophoresis, enabling automatic cell patterning in the time-scale of minutes. The effects of the voltage input on the resultant cellular pattern were examined and discussed. Viability test was performed after the patterning operation and the results confirmed that majority of the cells remained viable. After 7 days of culture, 3D cellular patterns were observed through SEM. The results suggest that this scaffold and its automated dielectrophoresis-based patterning mechanism can be used to construct artificial tissues for various tissue engineering applications.

Attitudes of mothers in Da Nang, Vietnam toward a human papillomavirus vaccine.

PURPOSE: To describe attitudes and acceptability toward a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among mothers in Da Nang, Vietnam and examine factors that may influence HPV vaccine uptake. METHODS: Women who were the primary caregiver of a girl 10-18 years old ("mothers") were eligible to participate. Mothers were recruited face-to-face from Da Nang General Hospital. Participants completed a survey addressing general vaccine attitudes, attitudes toward an HPV vaccine, beliefs about sexuality, recommendations from others, and likelihood of having their daughter vaccinated against HPV. A total of 194 surveys were returned; 181 (93%) contained analyzable data. RESULTS: Eleven percent of mothers were aware of an HPV vaccine. Ninety-four percent believed that the HPV vaccine will be effective and 90% disagreed that their daughter would have sex early if she was vaccinated. Beliefs regarding premarital sex, such as "girls who have sex before marriage are not respected" and "it would be hard to find a husband" were held by 76% and 62% of mothers, respectively. Despite this, over 90% were in favor of their daughter receiving the HPV vaccine. Ninety-five percent indicated that a recommendation from their doctor would be very important in their decision-making, and 78% indicated that the media would be very important. CONCLUSIONS: Initial responses to the HPV vaccine for girls in Vietnam appear favorable. Beliefs regarding negative social consequences for girls who engage in premarital sex are prevalent but unassociated with HPV vaccine acceptability. Accurate and consistent recommendations from doctors and media sources will be important for vaccination efforts.