[Mineral balance disturbance in children with inherited hemathomezenhimal dysplasia. Approaches to directional metabolic correction].

Reduction to concentrations Zn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Mn2+ in plasma sick, sufferings hereditary mesenchimmal dysplasia (MD) and associated with her platelets dysfunctions are revealed. The correlation analysis is organized between level of the breaches to concentrations essential mineral elements (EME) in plasma and functional bioactivity of platelets, as well as derived connective tissue (in particular, collagen and fibrinogens). The got data prove the important role EME in process intravascular activations of the platelets. On study proves the role trace elements as secondary messengers, providing directed current biochemical reaction, directed on before--and postaggregations platelets activation, as well as interaction last with component blood coagulation systems and structure vascular endothelial are called.

[Role of the hemostatic system in the progression of acute glomerulonephritis]. / Rol' sistemy gemostaza v progressirovanii ostrogo glomerulonefrita.

AIM: To study basic parameters of hemostasis in the course of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Platelets number and aggregation 4-platelet factor, Willebrand's factor, activated partial thromboplatelet time, antithrombin III, fibrin-monomeric complexes and products of degradation fibrinogen/fibrin were studied in 127 APSGN patients. Autocoagulation, prothrombin and thrombin tests were made. RESULTS: Progredient thrombinemia, stable elevation of Willebrand's factor, high aggregation activity of platelets and content of their degradation products evidence for intrarenal microthrombogenesis in APSGN, confirms direct involvement of platelet hemostasis in long-term inflammation in this disease. CONCLUSION: Mechanisms of APSGN development operate also through changes in hemostatic system.

[Plasmic activity of phospholipid membranes in nephritis]. / Plazmennaia aktivnost' fosfolipidnykh membran pri nefritakh.

AIM: To study activity of plasmic phospholipid membranes (PPM) in patients with chronic nephritis (CN) as regards clinical-laboratory and morphological characteristics of the disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 10 patients with chronic mesangial glomerulonephritis (CMG) and 4 patients with chronic drug-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis were examined. All the patients had moderate arterial hypertension including 5 patients with CMG combined with nephrotic syndrome. 9 patients had elevated blood creatinine (up to 500 mcmol/l). Measurements were made of routine laboratory indices, blood coagulation and paracoagulation, Willebrand's factor (WF), aggregation time (AT), phospholipid activation of blood coagulation (FABC), morphological indices of activity and sclerosis. RESULTS: In spite of chronic latent intravascular blood coagulation, CN was characterized by apparent lowering of FABC which was more evident in CMG. There was a weak correlation between a FABC fall and the level of proteinuria, lipidemia, AT of platelets, indices of activity. Some parallels exist between creatininemia and activity of PPM. A close reverse relationship was found between FABC and WF, and a direct one between FABC and sclerosis index. CONCLUSION: Subnormal PPM activity in CN correlates with organic microthrombi formation and promotes the discussion of both mechanisms of FABC formation disturbances and possible ways of PPM consumption including enhanced diffusion into the mesangium in progressing nephrosclerosis.

[Microtests for evaluating hemostasis and their clinical value]. / Mikrotesty otsenki gemostaza i ikh klinicheskoe znachenie.

A system of microtests, adapted for pediatric practice, has been developed, tested, and proposed for practical use. The system includes 13 microtests, 4 of them meet the requirements of a rapid diagnostic test, the others are used as differentiating and specifying. For the first time three levels of the coagulation status have been distinguished in the newborn: physiologic, border and pathologic; this enables orientation in hemorrhagic and thrombohemorrhagic diseases in the newborn. On the basis of the unified microtests the authors have determined the tactics in early diagnosis and follow-up of newborns suffering from hemorrhage treated outpatiently. The diagnosis was verified under dispensary conditions in 158 (66.6%) children with hemorrhagic diathesis. The results of the investigations described are promising for further improvement of the diagnosis and treatment of hemostasis disorders in newborns with the use of the microtests of new generation.

[Trials of a method for assessing thromboplastic activity of monocytes in the newborn]. / Ispytanie sposoba opredeleniia tromboplasticheskoi aktivnosti monotsitov u novorozhdennykh.

Trials of a method for assessment of thromboplastic activity of monocyte macrophages in 58 healthy full-term babies in the first days of life, when the hemostasis system undergoes essential changes, revealed an appreciable reduction of the basal thromboplastic activity of monocytes and of its level after 4-hour incubation of these cells on days 3-5 after birth, this reduction being paralleled by progressive hypocoagulation (as shown by coagulogram). The degree of reduction of the thromboplastic activity of monocytes was directly proportional to an increase in the level of fibrin-monomer complexes and fibrinogen degradation products in the blood plasma and serum. This indicates a possible decrease of the production of vitamin-K-dependent coagulation factors not only in the liver, but in monocytes as well. On the other hand, the detected shifts indicate that reduction of thromboplastic activity of monocytes in parallel with increased thrombin formation in the blood are biologically justified, for this decrease equilibrates the thrombogenic shifts in the system of neonatal hemostasis.

[Role and physiologic importance of thrombinemia in healthy newborns]. / Rol' i fiziologicheskoe znachenie trombinemii u zdorovykh novorozhdennykh.

The sensitive orthophenanthroline test was used to reveal paracoagulation in 27 normal newborns, thrombinemia reaching the highest level at the moment of birth and in the period of heavy depression of blood coagulation (on the fifth day of life) was detected. It has been suggested that the physiological role of thrombinemia is in the leveling of hypocoagulation shifts and providing of the local hemostasis. To escape thrombotic complications, drug correction of the hypocoagulation physiological level (activity of prothrombin complex factors is 30-60%) is not recommended.

[Intensive care of children with DIC syndrome based on the use of low molecular weight heparins]. / Intensifikatsiia terapii DVS-sindroma u detei na osnove primeneniia nizkomolekuliarnykh geparinov.

The first section of this paper presents data on low-molecular-weight heparins: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, advantages in comparison with common heparin. The second section presents the results of fraxiparin and clivarin use in 43 children aged 9 months to 14 years with acute/subacute DIC syndrome of infectious origin. Therapeutic and maintenance doses, the mode of injection of low-molecular-weight heparins, and methods for laboratory monitoring of their efficiency and safety are presented.

[Clinical significance of Willebrand's factor in allergic dermatoses in children]. / Klinicheskoe znachenie faktora Villebranda pri allergodermatozakh u detei.

An original micromethod for assaying Willebrand's factor (WF) was used to measure the content of the protein in 45 children with different allergic dermatoses. WF measurement were at the height of the clinical manifestations and during remissions. It has been established that children with allergic dermatoses manifest a fairly appreciable increase fo WF in the plasma, which is likely to reflect objectively the systematic nature and gravity of vascular endothelium derangement. The increase of WF correlates with the gravity of the clinical manifestations of the disease. As the clinical symptoms were being removed, the level of WF was progressively decreasing. Its normalization attests to a genuine arrest of allergic vasculitis. Platelet activation detected in all the forms of allergic dermatoses in the basis for inclusion of antiaggregation agents into those patients' treatment.