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1.
Orthod Craniofac Res ; 26 Suppl 1: 55-63, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37395347

RESUMO

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is associated with an inflammatory response, tooth pain (i.e. orthodontic pain) and changes in dental occlusion. Clinical realms and research evidence suggest that the sensory and jaw motor responses to OTM vary significantly among individuals. While some adjust well to orthodontic procedures, others may not and can experience significant pain or not adjust to occlusal changes. This is of concern, as clinicians cannot anticipate an individual's sensorimotor response to OTM. Converging evidence shows that some psychological states and traits significantly affect the sensorimotor response to OTM and may considerably affect an individual's adaptation to orthodontic or other dental procedures. We performed a topical review to synthesize the available knowledge about the behavioural mechanisms regulating the sensorimotor response to OTM, with the intent of informing orthodontic practitioners and researchers about specific psychological states and traits that should be considered while planning orthodontic treatment. We report on studies focusing on the role of anxiety, pain catastrophising, and somatosensory amplification (i.e. bodily hypervigilance), on sensory and jaw motor responses. Psychological states and traits can significantly affect sensory and jaw motor responses and a patient's adaptation to orthodontic procedures, although large interindividual variability exists. Clinicians can use validated instruments (checklists or questionnaires) to collect information about patients' psychological traits, which can assist in identifying those individuals who may not adjust well to orthodontic procedures. The information included in this manuscript also assists researchers investigating the effect of orthodontic procedures and or/appliances on orthodontic pain.


Assuntos
Dor , Técnicas de Movimentação Dentária , Humanos , Técnicas de Movimentação Dentária/métodos , Fatores de Tempo
2.
J Biol Regul Homeost Agents ; 32(2 Suppl. 2): 21-29, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29720327

RESUMO

The possible effects on sleep bruxism (SB) of clear aligners in orthodontics are unknown. This study was conducted to analyze the effects of clear aligners on SB. Sixty subjects needing orthodontic treatment and affected by SB (33 m, 27 f, 20±;5 years) were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to one of the following three groups: 20 were given clear aligners (CAT) (12 m, 8 f, 19±5 years), 20 occlusal splint (MOS) (9 m, 11 f, 22±5 years) and 20 a placebo splint (PMS) (12 m, 8 f, 24±3 years). All groups were followed for 6 consecutive months and monitored for SB with a portable electromyographic-electrocardiographic (EMG-ECG) device (Bruxoff®, OT Bioelettronica, Torino, Italy). MOS subjects reduced masseter contractions after 6 months of treatment (t3) (MD=-29.11, std. error 11.74, p=0.017) but increased phasic contractions related to SB after 3 months of treatment (t2) (MD=4.73, std. error 2.36, p=0.048) and tonic contractions related to SB during all the six months of treatment (t1, t2, t3) when compared to PMS. CAT subjects increased phasic contractions related to SB during the first (t1) (MD=3.94, std. error 2.27, p=0.04) and the third month (t2) of treatment (MD=4.62, std. error 2.36, p=0.046) when compared to PMS. No significant differences were found for SB index at any time for all the three groups. Although MOS and CAT affected EMG signals during sleep time differently, they did not influence the overall SB index.


Assuntos
Aparelhos Ortodônticos Removíveis , Bruxismo do Sono/terapia , Eletromiografia , Humanos , Músculo Masseter/fisiopatologia , Placas Oclusais , Bruxismo do Sono/fisiopatologia
3.
J Oral Rehabil ; 45(4): 317-322, 2018 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29420851

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The Oral Behaviours Checklist (OBC) is a valid 21-item instrument quantifying the self-reported frequency of oral behaviours. An Italian version (OBC-It) has been released recently. Anxiety and oral behaviours are known to be associated in individuals with oro-facial pain due to temporomandibular disorders (TMD). However, information about this relationship in pain-free individuals is still limited. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to test the reliability of the OBC-It and its reduced version (OBC-It 6), focusing on tooth clenching-related wake-time oral behaviours, and the effect of patient instructions on reliability. A second aim was to test the association between trait anxiety and oral behaviours in pain-free individuals. METHODS: Two hundred and eighty-two TMD-free students, divided into 2 groups (Group A, n = 139, mean age ± SD = 22.6 ± 5.4 years; Group B, n = 143, 23.7 ± 4.2 years), filled in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the OBC-It. Group B received instructions about the OBC-It, while Group A did not. After 2 weeks, both groups filled in the OBC-It again. However, Group B was further divided into 2 subgroups, B1 and B2 . The first received the same instructions again, while B2 did not. RESULTS: The test-retest reliability of the OBC-It (A: ICC = .87; B1 : ICC = .94; B2 : ICC = .95) and OBC-It 6 (A: ICC = .85; B1 : ICC = .89; B2 : ICC = .93) was excellent in all groups. Trait anxiety was weakly associated with OBC-It only in women (R2  = .043, P = .021). CONCLUSIONS: The OBC-It is a reliable tool but further subjects' instructions might be needed. Trait anxiety has a limited effect on oral behaviours in TMD-free subjects.


Assuntos
Ansiedade/psicologia , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Voluntários Saudáveis , Saúde Bucal , Adulto , Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Lista de Checagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Autorrelato , Adulto Jovem
4.
Int J Obes (Lond) ; 41(5): 697-705, 2017 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28163316

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare resting energy expenditure (REE) measured (MREE) by indirect calorimetry (IC) and REE predicted (PREE) from established predictive equations in a large sample of obese Caucasian adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We evaluated 1851 obese patients (body mass index (BMI)>30 kg m-2) aged between 18a and 65 years. Data were obtained by comparing MREE with PREE, derived from different equations, within and between normal weight and obese groups. The mean differences between PREE and MREE as well as the accuracy prediction within ±10% level were investigated in the whole sample and in three subgroups, classified by BMI (Group 1=30-39.9 kg m-2; Group 2=40-49.9 kg m-2; Group 3>50 kg m-2). RESULTS: We observed that FAO, Henry and Muller3 (body composition (BC)) equations provided good mean PREE-MREE (bias -0.7, -0.3 and 0.9%; root mean standard error (RMSE) 273, 263 and 269 kcal per day, respectively); HB and Henry equations were more accurate individually (57 and 56.9%). Only the Muller1 (BC) equation gave the lowest PREE-MREE difference (bias -1.7%; RMSE 228 kcal per day) in females, while Johnstone and De Lorenzo equations were the most accurate (55.1 and 54.8%). When the sample was split into three subgroups according to BMI, no differences were found in males; however, the majority of the equations included in this study failed to estimate REE in severely obese females (BMI>40 kg m-2). Overall, prediction accuracy was low (~55%) for all predictive equations, regardless of BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Different established equations can be used for estimating REE at the population level in both sexes. However, the accuracy was very low for all predictive equations used, particularly among females and when BMI was high, limiting their use in clinical practice. Our findings suggest that the validation of new predictive equations would improve the accuracy of REE prediction, especially for severely obese subjects (BMI>40 kg m-2).


Assuntos
Metabolismo Basal/fisiologia , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Descanso/fisiologia , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Índice de Massa Corporal , Calorimetria Indireta , Feminino , Humanos , Itália , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Teóricos , Obesidade/complicações , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , População Branca , Adulto Jovem
5.
J Oral Rehabil ; 44(5): 333-339, 2017 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28244179

RESUMO

Patients with masticatory muscle pain and migraine typically report that the intensity of pain fluctuates over time and is affected by weather changes. Weather variables, such as ambient temperature and humidity, may vary significantly depending on whether the individual is outdoor or indoor. It is, therefore, important to assess these variables at the individual level using portable monitors, during everyday life. This study aimed to determine and compare the temporal patterns of pain in individuals affected with facial and head pain and to investigate its relation with weather changes. Eleven patients (27·3 ± 7·4 years) with chronic masticatory muscle pain (MP) and twenty (33·1 ± 8·7 years) with migraine headache (MH) were asked to report their current pain level on a visual analogue scale (VAS) every hour over fourteen consecutive days. The VAS scores were collected using portable data-loggers, which were also used to record temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity. VAS scores varied markedly over time in both groups. Pain VAS scores fluctuate less in the MP group than in the MH group, but their mean, minimum and maximum values were higher than those of migraine patients (all P < 0·05). Pain scores <2 cm were more common in the MH than in the MP group (P < 0·001). Perceived intensity of pain was negatively associated with atmospheric pressure in the MP group and positively associated with temperature and atmospheric in the MH group. Our results reveal that patients with masticatory muscle pain and patients with migraine present typical temporal pain patterns that are influenced in a different way by weather changes.


Assuntos
Dor Facial/fisiopatologia , Músculos da Mastigação/fisiopatologia , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/fisiopatologia , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/fisiopatologia , Tempo (Meteorologia) , Adulto , Pressão Atmosférica , Feminino , Humanos , Itália , Masculino , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/psicologia , Medição da Dor , Padrões de Referência , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/psicologia
6.
Orthod Craniofac Res ; 16(2): 116-26, 2013 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23323608

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The efficacy of functional appliances remains highly debated. This randomized controlled trial investigated the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects determined by the Sander bite-jumping appliance (BJA). The null hypothesis to be tested was that the appliance would not induce supplementary mandibular growth compared to untreated controls. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: This study was carried out at the Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federico II, Italy. Forty-six patients receiving a clinical diagnosis of skeletal and dental class II due to mandibular retrusion were either allocated to a treatment (23 patients;15 boys, 8 girls; mean age ± SD: 10.9 ± 1.3 years) or to an untreated control group (23 patients;11 boys, 12 girls; mean age ± SD: 10.5 ± 1.2 years), by using a balanced block randomization. METHODS: Lateral cephalograms were taken before and after treatment and used for comparisons. Measurements were analyzed by descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate statistical tests. RESULTS: Treated individuals had a significant increase in mandibular length (6.4 ± 2.3 vs. 3.5 ± 2.5 mm; p < 0.001), overjet reduction (-5.0 ± 2.9 vs. 0.3 ± 1.2 mm; p < 0.001) and molar relationship improvement (-5.3 ± 2.4 vs. 0.1 ± 1.1 mm; p < 0.001) compared to controls. The use of the appliance did not significantly affect jaw divergence. Proclination of lower incisors was slightly greater (3.0°, p = 0.023) in treated patients than in controls. The increase in mandibular length was not significantly influenced by cervical stage (p = 0.40). CONCLUSION: The BJA can effectively correct class II malocclusions by a combination of dentoalveolar and skeletal effects. The long-term stability of the correction needs to be evaluated.


Assuntos
Aparelhos Ativadores , Má Oclusão Classe II de Angle/terapia , Mandíbula/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Avanço Mandibular/métodos , Retrognatismo/terapia , Adolescente , Análise de Variância , Cefalometria , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Desenvolvimento Maxilofacial , Desenho de Aparelho Ortodôntico , Resultado do Tratamento
7.
Arch Oral Biol ; 146: 105602, 2023 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36543038

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to develop a novel rodent model of masticatory muscle ischaemia via unilateral ligation of the external carotid artery (ECA), and to undertake a preliminary investigation to characterize its downstream effects on mechanosensitivity and cellular features of the masseter and temporalis muscles. DESIGN: The right ECA of 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats was ligated under general anaesthesia. Mechanical detection thresholds (MDTs) at the masseter and temporalis bilaterally were measured immediately before ECA ligation and after euthanasia at 10-, 20-, and 35-days (n = 6 rats/timepoint). Tissue samples from both muscles and sides were harvested for histological analyses and for assessing changes in the expression of markers of hypoxia and muscle degeneration (Hif-1α, VegfA, and Fbxo32) via real time PCR. Data were analyzed using mixed effect models and non-parametric tests. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: MDTs were higher in the right than left hemiface (p = 0.009) after 20 days. Histological changes indicative of muscle degeneration and fibrosis were observed in the right muscles. Hif-1α, VegfA, and Fbxo32 were more highly expressed in the masseter than temporalis muscles (all p < 0.05). Hif-1α and, VegfA did not change significantly with time in all muscles (all p > 0.05). Fbxo32 expression gradually increased in the right masseter (p = 0.024) and left temporalis (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: ECA ligation in rats induced hyposensitivity in the homolateral hemiface after 20 days accompanied by tissue degenerative changes. Our findings support the use of this model to study pathophysiologic mechanisms of masticatory muscle ischaemia in larger investigations.


Assuntos
Mastigação , Músculos da Mastigação , Masculino , Ratos , Animais , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Mastigação/fisiologia , Eletromiografia , Músculos da Mastigação/fisiologia , Músculo Temporal , Músculo Masseter
8.
Orthod Craniofac Res ; 15(3): 159-68, 2012 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22812438

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To compare transverse skeletal changes produced by rapid (RME) and slow (SME) maxillary expansion using low-dose computed tomography. The null hypothesis was that SME and RME are equally effective in producing skeletal maxillary expansion in patients with posterior crossbite. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: This study was carried out at the Department of Oral Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Italy. Twelve patients (seven males, five females, mean age ± SD: 10.3 ± 2.5 years) were allocated to the SME group and 14 patients (six males, eight females, mean age ± SD: 9.7 ± 1.5 years) to the RME group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients received a two-band palatal expander and were randomly allocated to either RME or SME. Low-dose computed tomography was used to identify skeletal and dental landmarks and to measure transverse maxillary changes with treatment. RESULTS: A significant increase in skeletal transverse diameters was found in both SME and RME groups (anterior expansion = 2.2 ± 1.4 mm, posterior expansion = 2.2 ± 0.9 mm, pterygoid expansion = 0.9 ± 0.8 mm). No significant differences were found between groups at anterior (SME = 1.9 ± 1.3 mm; RME = 2.5 ± 1.5 mm) or posterior (SME = 1.9 ± 1.0 mm; RME = 2.4 ± 0.9 mm) locations, while a statistically significant difference was measured at the pterygoid processes (SME = 0.6 ± 0.6 mm; RME = 1.2 ± 0.9 mm, p = 0.04), which was not clinically relevant. CONCLUSION: Rapid maxillary expansion is not more effective than SME in expanding the maxilla in patients with posterior crossbite.


Assuntos
Maxila/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada Multidetectores/métodos , Técnica de Expansão Palatina , Pontos de Referência Anatômicos/diagnóstico por imagem , Cefalometria/métodos , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Má Oclusão/diagnóstico por imagem , Má Oclusão/terapia , Dente Molar/diagnóstico por imagem , Desenho de Aparelho Ortodôntico , Técnica de Expansão Palatina/instrumentação , Doses de Radiação , Osso Esfenoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Fatores de Tempo , Coroa do Dente/diagnóstico por imagem , Raiz Dentária/diagnóstico por imagem
9.
J Oral Rehabil ; 37(3): 157-62, 2010 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20002533

RESUMO

The frequency of diurnal clenching and/or grinding and nail-biting habits was assessed in patients affected by temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and in healthy controls in order to investigate the possible association between these oral parafunctions and different diagnostic subgroups of TMDs. The case group included 557 patients (127 men, mean age +/- SD = 34.5 +/- 15.4 years; 430 women, mean age +/- SD = 32.9 +/- 14.1 years) affected by myofascial pain or disc displacement or arthralgia/arthritis/arthrosis. The control group included 111 healthy subjects (55 men, mean age +/- SD = 37 +/- 15.2 years; 56 women, mean age +/- SD = 38.2 +/- 13.8 years). Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between oral parafunctions and TMDs, after adjusting for age and gender. Daytime clenching/grinding was a significant risk factor for myofascial pain (odds ratio (OR) = 4.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.0-7.8) and for disc displacement (OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.4-4.3), nail biting was not associated to any of the subgroups investigated. Female gender was a significant risk factor for myofascial pain (OR = 3.8; 95% CI: 2.4-6.1), whereas the risk factor for developing disc displacement decreased with ageing. No association was found between gender, age and arthralgia/arthritis/arthrosis.


Assuntos
Bruxismo/complicações , Hábito de Roer Unhas/efeitos adversos , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/classificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Artralgia/etiologia , Artrite/etiologia , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Luxações Articulares/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Disco da Articulação Temporomandibular/patologia , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/etiologia , Síndrome da Disfunção da Articulação Temporomandibular/etiologia , Adulto Jovem
10.
J Dent Res ; 98(6): 666-672, 2019 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30946624

RESUMO

Patients with muscular temporomandibular disorder (TMD) present with abnormal oxygenation of the jaw muscles. Nonetheless, the deoxygenation pattern of jaw muscles of healthy subjects with frequent wake-time tooth-clenching episodes, who are at greater risk for TMD, has never been investigated. This case-control study compared the deoxygenation of the masseter during standardized tasks between TMD-free individuals with frequent self-reports of wake-time clenching and those with infrequent self-reports. University students ( N = 255) filled out the Oral Behavior Checklist. Fourteen females with high versus low scores-high parafunctional (HP) group ( n = 7, ≥80th percentile of score distribution) versus low parafunctional (LP) group ( n = 7, ≤20th percentile)-completed 2 sessions during which they clenched at their maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) for 2 min and at 10% to 20% MVC for 20 min. Tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) and changes in oxygenated hemoglobin, deoxygenated hemoglobin, and total hemoglobin of the masseter were measured via near-infrared spectroscopy and analyzed with a generalized mixed effect model. A significant interaction effect (task × study group) was found on all outcome measures, indicating that the deoxygenation pattern of the HP group differed from the LP group (all P < 0.001). MVC of the masseter induced an almost 5-times-greater reduction of StO2 in the HP group as compared with the LP group ( P = 0.023). However, the relative increase in StO2 at rest after the MVC was similar between groups ( P > 0.05). At the end of the prolonged MVC task (10% to 20%), the blood flow (change in total hemoglobin) was almost 6 times higher in the LP group as compared with baseline. On the contrary, it increased minimally in the HP group (all P < 0.001). Healthy individuals at risk for TMD have abnormalities in masseter deoxygenation. Future prospective studies are needed to test whether this contributes to the onset of muscular TMD.


Assuntos
Bruxismo , Músculo Masseter/fisiopatologia , Oxigênio , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Eletromiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Contração Muscular
11.
Bone ; 41(6): 1051-8, 2007 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17921079

RESUMO

The strain (i.e. deformation) history influences the degree of mineralization of cortical bone (DMB) as well as its osteonal microstructure. This study aimed to examine the relationships of stress and strain distributions with the variations in DMB and the osteonal orientations in the cortical bone of the human mandibular condyle. It was hypothesized that strains are inversely proportional to local DMB and that the principal strains are oriented parallel to the osteons. To test this, ten human mandibular condyles were scanned in a microCT system. Finite element models were created in order to simulate static clenching. Within each condyle, 18 volumes of interest were selected to analyze regional differences in DMB, stress and strains. Subchondral bone showed a lower equivalent strain (2652+/-612 muepsilon) as compared to the anterior (p=0.030) and posterior cortex (p=0.007) and was less mineralized. Contrary to our hypothesis, the results show that strains correlated positively with regional variations in DMB (r=0.750, p<0.001). In the anterior and the posterior cortex, the first principal strain was parallel to the cortical surface and oriented supero-inferiorly with a fan-like shape. In subchondral bone, the first and the second principal strain were parallel to the surface and oriented antero-posteriorly and medio-laterally, respectively. It was concluded that the strain distributions, by themselves, cannot explain the regional differences found in DMB. In agreement with our second hypothesis, the orientation of the osteonal network of the mandibular condyle was closely related to the strain orientations. The results of this study suggest that the subchondral and the cortical bone are structured to ensure an optimal load distribution within the mandibular condyle and have a different mechanical behaviour. Subchondral bone plays a major role in the transmission of the strains to the anterior and posterior cortex, while these ensure an optimal transmission of the strains within the condylar neck and, eventually, to the mandibular ramus.


Assuntos
Densidade Óssea , Côndilo Mandibular/anatomia & histologia , Côndilo Mandibular/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Autopsia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Biológicos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
12.
Chir Ital ; 32(5): 1274-85, 1980 Oct.
Artigo em Italiano | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7249187

RESUMO

Cerebrovascular diseases are among the most widespread. In the USA alone there is at any time a population of 1.6 million people with current stroke syndrome or the sequelae thereof. The most effective weapon to combat this disease is prevention, and here reference is made in particular to surgical prevention, especially through endoarterectomy of the extracranial internal carotid, and to vertebrobasilar circulatory failure.


Assuntos
Revascularização Cerebral , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/cirurgia , Encéfalo/irrigação sanguínea , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/prevenção & controle , Endarterectomia , Humanos , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional , Risco , Síndrome , Insuficiência Vertebrobasilar/cirurgia
13.
Biomed Res Int ; 2014: 276128, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24527442

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Our knowledge of mandibular growth mostly derives from cephalometric radiography, which has inherent limitations due to the two-dimensional (2D) nature of measurement. OBJECTIVE: To assess 3D morphological changes occurring during growth in a rabbit mandible. Methods. Serial cone-beam computerised tomographic (CBCT) images were made of two New Zealand white rabbits, at baseline and eight weeks after surgical implantation of 1 mm diameter metallic spheres as fiducial markers. A third animal acted as an unoperated (no implant) control. CBCT images were segmented and registered in 3D (Implant Superimposition and Procrustes Method), and the remodelling pattern described used color maps. Registration accuracy was quantified by the maximal of the mean minimum distances and by the Hausdorff distance. RESULTS: The mean error for image registration was 0.37 mm and never exceeded 1 mm. The implant-based superimposition showed most remodelling occurred at the mandibular ramus, with bone apposition posteriorly and vertical growth at the condyle. CONCLUSION: We propose a method to quantitatively describe bone remodelling in three dimensions, based on the use of bone implants as fiducial markers and CBCT as imaging modality. The method is feasible and represents a promising approach for experimental studies by comparing baseline growth patterns and testing the effects of growth-modification treatments.


Assuntos
Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico/métodos , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagem , Animais , Cefalometria , Mandíbula/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Coelhos
17.
Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc ; 10(3): 180-5, 2001.
Artigo em Italiano | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11787451

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Analysis of figures and characteristics of suicide behaviour in the area of Varese and the neighbouring northern towns (Valceresio, the valleys around Luino and northern Verbano), with the purpose of finding out preventing measures. DESIGN: Epidemiological-descriptive survey. The 1995-1997 ISTAT death cards, included in the death files of the former USSL of Varese have been taken into consideration. Only those people who were resident at the suicide moment have been included in the survey. Afterwards the psychiatric service archives were consulted, to find any possible contact between the subjects in the ISTAT files and the psychiatric services themselves. With regard to these patients, some information such as suicide attempts, psychiatric pathology and first contact with the psychiatric services have been pointed out. SETTING: Arcisate, Cittiglio, Luino and Varese districts, where the Community Mental Health Services 1 and 2 of "Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Macchi" of Varese operate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The suicide rates in the studied area have been reckoned and, through direct standardization, the rates of the single districts have been compared. RESULTS: There were 78 suicides (24 females and 54 males): rate of 8.2 per 100,000. In accordance with the national trend, there is evidence of a general reduction of the suicide phenomenon, except among the youngest. Districts of Luino and Arcisate are geographic areas to examine in the time, because a wider sample could reveal a higher risk. Young and elderly people are the most affected among the males and, 55/64-year-old people, both males and females, are at higher risk. Suicide methods vary with the age. A high percentage of subjects are not married and with low education. Less than one third of the subjects had come into contact with the psychiatric service. CONCLUSIONS: These data allow a comparison with the national survey and an analysis of the suicide features in the study area. The purpose is to elaborate preventing strategies with multi-dimensional approach whose efficacy may be proved in the future by setting up a provincial observatory.


Assuntos
Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Área Programática de Saúde , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Itália/epidemiologia , Masculino , Prevalência , Tentativa de Suicídio/prevenção & controle , Tentativa de Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Prevenção do Suicídio
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