The dengue virus non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is secreted from infected mosquito cells via a non-classical caveolin-1-dependent pathway.

Dengue virus NS1 is a glycoprotein of 46-50 kDa that is conserved among flaviviruses, associates as a dimer to cell membranes and is secreted as a hexamer to the extracellular milieu. Recent evidence showed that NS1 is secreted efficiently from infected mosquito cells. To explore the secretory route of NS1 in mosquito cells, infected cells were treated with brefeldin A (BFA) and methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MßCD). The results showed that MßCD, but not BFA, significantly reduced the release of NS1. Moreover, silencing the expression of caveolin-1 (CAV1; a key component of the caveolar system that transports cholesterol inside the cell), but not SAR1 (a GTPase that participates in the classical secretory pathway), also results in a significant reduction of the secretion of NS1. These results indicate that NS1 is released from mosquito cells via an unconventional secretory route that bypasses the Golgi complex, with the participation of CAV1. In agreement with this notion, differences were observed in the glycosylation status between secreted NS1 and E proteins. Classical mechanics and docking simulations suggested highly favoured interactions between the caveolin-binding domain present in NS1 and the scaffolding domain of CAV1. Finally, proximity ligation assays showed direct interaction between NS1 and CAV1 in infected mosquito cells. These findings are in line with the lipoprotein nature of secreted NS1 and provide new insights into the biology of NS1.

Study of the Reaction Mechanism of Triazines and Associated Species for H2S Scavenging.

Natural gas produced worldwide contains, among other compounds, H2S and CO2. Both gases in the presence of free water can generate problems of corrosion in pipes and subtract calorific value to this gaseous hydrocarbon. Natural gas containing H2S and CO2 above the permissible limits should be treated to remove these components. Particularly, H2S is removed mainly using hexahydro-1,3,5-tris-(-2-hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine (TZ), which is the liquid scavenger of H2S leading on the market. By means of computational methods, we have studied the reaction of H2S with TZ, oxazolidine, and oxazinane to elucidate, explain, or confirm different aspects related to their proposed reaction mechanisms. Our results validate thermodynamically the production of TZ from MEA and formaldehyde, justify the presence of mixtures of TZ and oxazolidine in some commercial products, and explain why in the complexity of the H2S scavenging mechanism with TZ, tritiane is not formed and dithiazine will prefer to react by polymerization to form amorphous dithiazine and that the scavenging capacity for H2S should follow the TZ ≫ oxazinane > oxazolidine sequence.

Synthesis and characterization of rhodium complexes with phosphine-stabilized germylenes.

The reaction of phosphine-stabilized germylenes (1a,b) with dimer complex [Rh(2)(µ-Cl)(2)(COD)(2)] leads to the corresponding phosphine-germylene-Rh(I) complexes (2a,b). Interestingly, the stability of these complexes depends strongly on the nature of the substituent of the germylene fragment. Indeed, the complex (2a) with the chloro-germylene ligand isomerizes into a metallacycle rhodium complex (3a) via germylene insertion into the Rh-Cl bond, while the complex with the phenyl-substituted germylene (2b) was isolated and represents the first stable Rh(I)-germylene complex with a Rh-Cl bond.

Stability of intermediates in the glycerol hydrogenolysis on transition metal catalysts from first principles.

The hydrogenolysis reaction catalyzed by a transition metal solid catalyst is a potential way to transform glycerol to 1,2-propylene glycol or 1,3-propylene glycol, two important chemicals. We explore the thermodynamic profile of this reaction from first principle simulation, comparing Ni, Rh and Pd catalysts modeled by (111) surfaces. The stability of adsorbed reactants, dehydrated intermediates, and hydrogenated propylene glycol is compared, with a special focus on the factors controlling the selectivity of the reaction. From a global thermodynamic view point, the formation of 1,2-propylene glycol is favored, and in addition the most stable intermediates in the gas phase (acetol and 1,2-aldol) lead to the formation of this product. The metal catalyst has three roles. First it stabilizes the dehydrated intermediates and renders the dehydration more exothermic. Second, the adsorption on the surface modifies the relative stability of the dehydrated intermediates, with implications on the reaction selectivity. Third it catalyses the hydrogenation step, leading to propylene glycol.

Exploring the structure-solubility relationship of asphaltene models in toluene, heptane, and amphiphiles using a molecular dynamic atomistic methodology.

The solubility parameters, δ, of several asphaltene models were calculated by mean of an atomistic NPT ensemble. Continental and archipelago models were explored. A relationship between the solubility parameter and the molecule structure was determined. In general, increase of the fused-rings number forming the aromatic core and the numbers of heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur produces an increase of the solubility parameter, while increases of the numbers and length of the aliphatic chains yield a systematic decrease of this parameter. Molecules with large total carbon atom number at the tails, n(c), and small aromatic ring number, n(r), exhibit the biggest values of δ, while molecules with small n(c) and large n(r) show the smallest δ values. A good polynomial correlation δ = 5.967(n(r)/n(c)) - 3.062(n(r)/n(c))(2) + 0.507(n(r)/n(c))(3) + 16.593 with R(2) = 0.965 was found. The solubilities of the asphaltene models in toluene, heptane, and amphiphiles were studied using the Scatchard-Hildebrand and the Hansen sphere methodologies. Generally, there is a large affinity between the archipelago model and amphiphiles containing large aliphatic tails and no aromatic rings, while continental models show high affinity for amphiphiles containing an aromatic ring and small aliphatic chains.

Preliminary validation in Spanish of a scale designed to measure motivation in physical education classes: the Perceived Locus of Causality (PLOC) Scale.

The purpose of this paper was to validate the Spanish version of the Perceived Locus of Causality Scale (PLOC; Goudas, Biddle, & Fox, 1994). To achieve this, two studies with samples of 1535 and 400 physical education students, of ages 12 to 17 years, were carried out. The psychometric properties of the PLOC were examined through the following analyses: confirmatory factor analysis, factor invariance, correlation among factors, reliability (Cronbach's alpha), temporal stability (test-retest), and criterion validity. The results partially supported the five-factor structure. This structure was invariant across the two study samples. Correlations among the subscales indicated a simplex pattern, supporting construct validity of the scale. Alpha values over .70 (except for introjected regulation) and high temporal stability (intra-class correlation coefficient = .83 to .90) over a four-week period were obtained. The mastery-approach goal positively predicted self-determined motivation, whereas the performance-avoidance goal predicted it negatively. Future studies should continue to analyze the psychometric properties of the PLOC, as the validation of an instrument should be an ongoing process.

[Influence of autonomy support, social goals and relatedness on amotivation in physical education classes]. / Influencia del apoyo a la autonomía, las metas sociales y la relación con los demás sobre la desmotivación en educación física.

The purpose of this study was to analyze some factors that influence amotivation in physical education classes. A sample of 399 students, of ages 14 to 16 years, was used. They completed the Perceived Autonomy Support Scale in Exercise Settings (PASSES), the Social Goal Scale-Physical Education (SGS-PE), the <> factor of the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES) adapted to physical education and the <> factor of the Perceived Locus of Causality Scale (PLOC). The psychometric properties of the PASSES were analyzed, as this scale had not been validated to the Spanish context. In this analysis, the scale showed appropriate validity and reliability. The results of the structural equation model indicated that social responsibility and social relationship goals positively predicted perception of relatedness, whereas the context of autonomy support did not significantly predict it. In turn, perception of relatedness negatively predicted amotivation. The findings are discussed with regard to enhancing students' positive motivation.

[The social-cognitive model of achievement motivation in physical education]. / Modelo cognitivo-social de la motivación de logro en educación física.

Our objective in this study was to test the new social-cognitive model of achievement motivation in a physical education setting. Research was conducted on a sample of 895 physical education students, ages 12 to 16 years. We measured perception of the motivational climate conveyed by the teacher, implicit beliefs of ability, perceived competence, 2 x 2 achievement goals and self-determined motivation. We carried out structural equation modeling to analyse the relationships among variables. Results showed that task climate positively predicted incremental belief, whereas ego climate positively predicted entity belief. Both climates positively predicted perceived competence. Incremental belief positively predicted mastery-approach goals, performance-approach goals and avoidance goals, whereas entity belief positively predicted performance-approach goals and avoidance goals. Perceived competence positively predicted mastery-approach and performance-approach goals. Mastery-approach goal positively predicted self-determined motivation, whereas performance-approach goal and avoidance goals negatively predicted self-determined motivation.

Relationships among goal orientations, motivational climate and flow in adolescent athletes: differences by gender.

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationships among perceived motivational climate, individuals' goal orientations, and dispositional flow, with attention to possible gender differences. A sample of 413 young athletes, ages 12 to 16 years, completed the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2) and Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), as well as the Dispositional Flow Scale. Task orientation was positively and significantly related to a perceived task-involving motivational climate and to the disposition to experience flow in the sport. Ego orientation was positively and significantly associated with a perceived ego-involving motivational climate and with dispositional flow. The perceptions of task-involving and ego-involving motivational climates were positively and significantly linked to general dispositional flow. Multiple regression analysis indicated that both task and ego goal orientations and perceived task- and ego-oriented climates predicted dispositional flow. Males displayed a stronger ego orientation, and were more likely to report that they participated in an ego-oriented climate, than did females. To the contrary, the females were more likely to perceive a task-oriented climate than did the males. No meaningful differences were found between males and females in general dispositional flow.

Young athletes' motivational profiles.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between motivational characteristics and dispositional flow. In order to accomplish this goal, motivational profiles emerging from key constructs within Achievement Goal Theory and Self-Determination Theory were related to the dispositional flow measures. A sample of 413 young athletes (Age range 12 to 16 years) completed the PMCSQ-2, POSQ, SMS and DFS measures. Cluster analysis results revealed three profiles: a "self-determined profile "characterised by higher scores on the task-involving climate perception and on the task orientation; a "non-self-determined profile", characterised by higher scores on ego-involving climate perception and ego orientation; and a "low self-determined and low non-self-determined profile "which had the lowest dispositional flow. No meaningful differences were found between the "self-determined profile "and the "non-self-determined profile "in dispositional flow. The "self-determined profile "was more commonly associated with females, athletes practising individual sports and those training more than three days a week. The "non-self-determined profile "was more customary of males and athletes practising team sports as well as those training just two or three days a week. Key pointsThe "self-determined profile "was characterized by high task orientation, high task-involving climate perception and was more commonly associated with females, athletes practising individual sports and those training more than three days a week.The "non-self-determined profile "was characterized by high ego orientation, high ego-involving climate perception and was more customary of males and athletes practising team sports as well as those training two or three days a week.Both profiles revealed a moderate tendency toward dispositional flow, with no significant differences between the two profiles.The "low self-determined and low non-self-determined profile "had low scores on all of the variables in the study.

The effects of knowledge management on surgeon behavior.

Knowledge management is an important process for health care researchers and administrators. The way we manage and transfer knowledge in an organization can have a substantial impact on behavior and performance. In this article, we examine the behavioral effects of transferring performance-efficiency knowledge to a group of hospital-based surgeons. We observe the way the knowledge transfer impacts their sense of professional accountability and practice patterns for a limited set of diagnoses. We defined performance efficiency for a surgeon as the deviation from expected average length of inpatient hospital stay, and from expected average hospital charges (adjusted for risk and outcomes) for three of the most frequently performed and most costly surgical procedures in our subject hospital. We communicated knowledge of their performance efficiency to the group of hospital-based surgeons, along with benchmarked professional best practices, and included an identification of dimensions where performance could be improved. We then measured and compared their performance efficiency one year later. We did observe differences in performance efficiency, but not in consistent directions, and not in statistically significant magnitudes. Also, surgeons who initially had low levels of efficiency continued to have low levels of efficiency one year later. Within a professional accountability system, transfer of performance-efficiency knowledge alone did not provide sufficient motivation to induce consistent, significant change in practice behaviors among the group of surgeons. We conclude that medical opinion leaders and individualized strategies for surgeon motivation may have greater promise for improving performance efficiency if linked to the knowledge transfer system.

The effects on boar sperm quality of dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids differ among porcine breeds.

The present study was undertaken to shed light on the relationship between boar sperm quality and dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which has been reported inconsistently in the literature. With this aim, such effects were evaluated and compared among three different porcine breeds: Duroc, Large-White, and Pietrain. Animals were randomly separated into two groups and fed either with a control diet or with a diet supplemented with omega-3. Sperm quality of these boar (ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, sperm viability, acrosome and mitochondrial sheath integrity, sperm motility, sperm morphology, and osmotic resistance of spermatozoa) was assessed every week for a 26-week period. Supplementing boar's diet with omega-3 did not affect ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm viability, and acrosome and mitochondrial sheath integrity. In contrast, supplemented diet positively affected both sperm morphology in Large-White and Pietrain breeds and the osmotic resistance of Pietrain spermatozoa. No effects were seen for the same sperm parameters in Duroc breed. These breed-differences in boar fed with the supplemented diet could explain the contradictions in literature and might be related with differences in the composition of plasma membrane among breeds reported by other authors. Because no harmful effects were observed in the three evaluated breeds, but positive effects in Large-White and Pietrain boar, we can conclude that omega-3 fatty acids may be added to boar's diet at the levels used in this study to improve their sperm quality. More research is, however, needed to determine how these fatty acids differently affect the morphology and the osmotic resistance of the spermatozoa in these breeds.

Revisión de la Escala del Locus Percibido de Causalidad (PLOC) para la Inclusión de la Medida de la Regulación Integrada en Educación Física / Revision of the perceived locus of causality scale (ploc) to include the measure of integrated regulation in physical education / Revisao daescala de locus de causalidade percebido (ploc) para a inclusão da medida de regulação integradana educação física

El objetivo de este estudio fue añadir a la Escala del Locus Percibido de Causalidad (PLOC) la medida de la regulación integrada en las clases de educación física. En el estudio participaron 858 estudiantes de primero de bachillerato con una edad media de 16.72 años. El análisis factorial confirmatorio reveló unos índices de ajuste adecuados para la nueva versión de la escala, mostrándose la estructura factorial invariante respecto al sexo y la ciudad de origen del alumnado. La regulación integrada obtuvo una alta consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach = .93) y estabilidad temporal (CCI = .87). El análisis de validez de criterio mostró que la regulación integrada fue la única forma de motivación que predijo significativamente la actividad física, con un peso de regresión positivo. Este nuevo instrumento ayuda a entender mejor los procesos motivacionales que tienen lugar en las clases de educación física y su relación con el estilo de vida del alumnado. No obstante, se encontraron algunas limitaciones que deberían ser atendidas en futuras investigaciones

The aim of this study was to add the measure of integrated regulation in physical education to the Perceived Locus of Causality Scale (PLOC). Eight hundred and fifty eight first-year post-compulsory secondary school students, mean age 16.72 years, participated in this study. Confirmatory factor analysis showed acceptable goodness-of-fit indices for the new version of the scale, revealing an invariant factor structure across gender and students’ city of origin. Integrated regulation obtained high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .93) and temporal stability (ICC = .87). The criterion validity analysis showed that integrated regulation was the only type of motivation which significantly predicted physical activity participation, with a positive regression weight. This new instrument helps to better understand the motivational processes that take place in physical education classes and their relationships with students’ lifestyle. Nevertheless, some limitations were identified that should be addressed in future research

objectivo deste estudo foi acrescentar à Escala de Locus de Causalidade Percebido (PLOC) a medida de regulação integrada nas aulas deeducação física. No estudo participaram 858 estudantes do primeiro ano do bacharelato com uma idade média de 16.72 anos. A análise factorialconfirmatória revelou índices de ajustamento adequados para a nova versão da escala, mostrando-se a estrutura factorial invariante relativamente aosexo e à cidade de origem dos alunos. A regulação integrada apresentou uma elevada consistência interna (alfade Cronbach = .93) e estabilidade temporal(CCI = .87). A análise da validade de critério revelou que a regulação integrada foi a única forma de motivação que predizeu significativamente aactividade física, com um peso de regressão positivo. Este novo instrumento contribui para uma melhor compreensão dos processos motivacionais queocorrem nas aulas de educação física e a sua relação com o estilo de vida dos alunos. Não obstante, verificaram-se algumas limitações que devem serconsideradas em investigações futuras

Factores motivacionales y experiencia autotélica en el ejercicio físico: propuesta de un modelo explicativo / Motivational factors and autotelic experience in physical exercise: an explanatory model

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la influencia estimada del clima motivacional percibido, las creencias implícitas de habilidad y la motivación intrínseca sobre la propensión a la experiencia autotélica en el ejercicio físico. 727 practicantes (402 hombres y 325 mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre los 16 y 78, respondieron a diferentes cuestionarios. Los resultados del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales revelaron que el clima tarea predecía positivamente la creencia incremental, la motivación intrínseca y la experiencia autotélica, mientras que el clima ego predecía positivamente la creencia de entidad. La creencia incremental predecía positivamente la motivación intrínseca, mientras que la creencia de entidad la predecía negativamente. La motivación intrínseca predecía positivamente la experiencia autotélica. El modelo fue invariante por sexo. Los resultados son discutidos de acuerdo a la importancia que puede jugar el personal de los centros deportivos para promover una práctica física continuada.

The purpose of this study was to analyse the estimated influence of perception of the motivational climate, implicit beliefs of ability and intrinsic motivation on the autotelic experience propensity in physical exercise. A sample of 727 practitioners of non-competitive physical-sport activities (402 men y 325 women), age between 16 and 78 years, participated in this study. The results of the structural equation model showed that the task climate positively predicted incremental belief, intrinsic motivation and autotelic experience, whereas the ego climate positively predicted entity belief. Incremental belief positively predicted intrinsic motivation, whereas entity belief negatively predicted the latter. Intrinsic motivation positively predicted autotelic experience. The model was invariant across gender. The results are discussed with reference to the important role staff could play in encouraging practitioners to continue to do sport.

Preliminary Validation in Spanish of a Scale Designed to Measure Motivation in Physical Education Classes: The Perceived Locus of Causality (PLOC) Scale

The purpose of this paper was to validate the Spanish version of the Perceived Locus of Causality Scale (PLOC; Goudas, Biddle, & Fox, 1994). To achieve this, two studies with samples of 1535 and 400 physical education students, of ages 12 to 17 years, were carried out. The psychometric properties of the PLOC were examined through the following analyses: confirmatory factor analysis, factor invariance, correlation among factors, reliability (Cronbach’s alpha), temporal stability (test-retest), and criterion validity. The results partially supported the five factor structure. This structure was invariant across the two study samples. Correlations among the subscales indicated a simplex pattern, supporting construct validity of the scale. Alpha values over .70 (except for introjected regulation) and high temporal stability (intra-class correlation coefficient = .83 to .90) over a four-week period were obtained. The mastery-approach goal positively predicted self-determined motivation, whereas the performance avoidance goal predicted it negatively. Future studies should continue to analyze the psychometric properties of the PLOC, as the validation of an instrument should be an ongoing process (AU)

El objetivo de este trabajo fue validar la versión española de la Escala del Locus Percibido de Causalidad (PLOC) de Goudas, Biddle y Fox (1994). Para ello, se llevaron a cabo dos estudios con muestras de 1535 y 400 alumnos en clases de educación física, edades entre 12 y 17 años. Se analizaron las propiedades psicométricas de la PLOC por medio de análisis factoriales confirmatorios, análisis de la invarianza factorial, análisis de correlaciones entre factores, fiabilidad a través del alfa de Cronbach, estabilidad temporal test-retest y validez de criterio. Los resultados ofrecieron un apoyo parcial a la estructura de cinco factores. Esta estructura se mostró invariante entre las dos muestras de estudio. Las correlaciones entre las subescalas indicaron un modelo simplex que apoya la validez de constructo de la escala. Se obtuvieron valores alfa de Cronbach superiores a .70, salvo para la regulación introyectada, y altos niveles de estabilidad temporal (coeficiente de correlación intra-clase = .83 a .90) en un periodo de cuatros semanas. La meta de aproximación-maestría predijo positivamente la motivación autodeterminada, mientras que la meta de evitación-rendimiento lo hizo de forma negativa. Futuros trabajos deberán continuar analizando las propiedades psicométricas de la PLOC, puesto que la validación de un instrumento debe ser un proceso continuado (AU)

Flow disposicional en salvamento deportivo: una aproximación desde la teoría de la autodeterminación / Dispositional flow in lifesaving sport: a self-determination theory approach

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación de los climas motivacionales percibidos, los mediadorespsicológicos y la motivación autodeterminada con el flow disposicional en salvamento deportivo. Además, se examinaronlas diferencias en las variables de estudio según el género, la edad y el tiempo de práctica diario de los deportistas. En elestudio participaron 283 deportistas federados, con una edad media de 17.27 años (DT = 3.36), pertenecientes a 32 clubesde salvamento deportivo. Se administró el Cuestionario del Clima Motivacional Percibido en el Deporte-2 (PMCSQ-2), laEscala de Mediadores Motivacionales en el Deporte (EMMD), la Escala de Motivación Deportiva (SMS) y la Escala de FlowDisposicional (DFS). Los resultados revelaron que el clima tarea, el clima ego, la competencia y autonomía percibidas, y lamotivación autodeterminada predecían positivamente el flow disposicional, con un 50% de varianza explicada. Loshombres se percibieron con mayor autonomía, competencia y flow disposicional que las mujeres. Los deportistas de mayoredad mostraron mayor autonomía percibida que los de menor edad. Los resultados se discuten en relación a los factoresmotivacionales que juegan un papel importante para incrementar el flow disposicional (AU)

This study analyzed the relationships between perceived motivational climates, psychological mediators, selfdeterminedmotivation and dispositional flow in lifesaving sport. The study variables also examined differences accordingto gender, age and daily practice time. A total of 283 athletes with a mean age of 17.27 years (SD = 3.36) who completedthe Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2), the Motivational Mediators in Sport Scale(EMMD), the Sport Motivational Scale (SMS) and the Dispositional Flow Scale (DFS) participated in the study. The resultsrevealed that perceived task and ego-involving motivational climates, perceived competence and autonomy, and selfdeterminedmotivation positively predicted dispositional flow with 50% of the variance explained. Men reported higherscores in autonomy, competence and dispositional flow than women did. Older athletes displayed a higher level ofperceived autonomy than younger ones. The results are discussed in connection with the motivational factors important toimproving dispositional flow (AU)

Relationships among Goal Orientations, Motivational Climate and Flow in Adolescent Athletes: Differences by Gender

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationships among perceived motivational climate, individuals’ goal orientations, and dispositional flow, with attention to possible gender differences. A sample of 413 young athletes, ages 12 to 16 years, completed the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2) and Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), as well as the Dispositional Flow Scale. Task orientation was positively and significantly related to a perceived task involving motivational climate and to the disposition to experience flow in the sport. Ego orientation was positively and significantly associated with a perceived ego-involving motivational climate and with dispositional flow. The perceptions of task-involving and ego-involving motivational climates were positively and significantly linked to general dispositional flow. Multiple regression analysis indicated that both task and ego goal orientations and perceived task- and ego-oriented climates predicted dispositional flow. Males displayed a stronger ego orientation, and were more likely to report that they participated in an ego-oriented climate, than did females. To the contrary, the females were more likely to perceive a task-oriented climate than did the males. No meaningful differences were found between males and females in general dispositional flow (AU)

El objetivo de esta investigación era examinar las relaciones entre el clima motivacional percibido, las orientaciones de meta y la disposición al «flow» de los individuos, atendiendo las posibles diferencias de género. Una muestra de 413 atletas jóvenes, de edades entre 12 y 16 años, completaron el Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2) y el Perception of Success Questionnaire(POSQ), además de la Dispositional Flow Scale. La orientación a la tarea tenía una relación positiva y significativa con el clima motivacional implicante a la tarea percibido y con la disposición a experimentar el «flow» en el deporte. La orientación al ego tenía una relación positiva y significativa con el clima motivacional implicante al ego percibido y con el flow disposicional. Las percepciones de climas motivacionales implicantes a la tarea y al ego tenían una relación positiva y significativa con el flow general disposicional. El análisis de regresión múltiple indicaba que tanto las orientaciones de meta ala tarea y al ego y los climas percibidos orientados a la tarea y al ego predecían el flow disposicional. Los varones mostraron una orientación al ego más fuerte y era más probable que dijeran que participaban en un clima orientado al ego que las mujeres. En contraste, era más probable que las mujeres percibieran un clima orientado a la tarea que los varones. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre varones y mujeres en el flow disposicional general (AU)

Influencia del apoyo a la autonomía, las metas sociales y la relación con los demás sobre la desmotivación en educación física / Influence of autonomy support, social goals and relatedness on amotivation in physical education classes

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar algunos factores que influyen en la desmotivación en las clases de educación física. Participaron 399 alumnos con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y 16 años, que respondieron a la Escala del Apoyo a la Autonomía Percibido en Contextos de Ejercicio (PASSES), la Escala de Metas Sociales en Educación Física (EMSEF), el factor «relación» de la Escala de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas en el Ejercicio (BPNES) adaptada a la educación física, y el factor «desmotivación» de la Escala del Locus Percibido de Causalidad (PLOC). Puesto que la PASSES no había sido validada al contexto español se analizaron sus propiedades psicométricas, mostrando una adecuada validez y fiabilidad. Los resultados del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales señalaron que las metas sociales de responsabilidad y relación predecían positivamente la satisfacción de la necesidad de relación con los demás, mientras que el contexto de apoyo a la autonomía no lo hacía significativamente. Esta satisfacción de la necesidad de relación predecía negativamente la desmotivación. Se discutieron los resultados en relación al fomento de una motivación positiva del alumnado

The purpose of this study was to analyze some factors that influence amotivation in physical education classes. A sample of 399 students, of ages 14 to 16 years, was used. They completed the Perceived Autonomy Support Scale in Exercise Settings (PASSES), the Social Goal Scale-Physical Education (SGS-PE), the «relatedness» factor of the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES) adapted to physical education and the «amotivation» factor of the Perceived Locus of Causality Scale (PLOC). The psychometric properties of the PASSES were analyzed, as this scale had not been validated to the Spanish context. In this analysis, the scale showed appropriate validity and reliability. The results of the structural equation model indicated that social responsibility and social relationship goals positively predicted perception of relatedness, whereas the context of autonomy support did not significantly predict it. In turn, perception of relatedness negatively predicted amotivation. The findings are discussed with regard to enhancing students’ positive motivation