Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 31
Filtrar
1.
J Pers Assess ; 105(6): 770-778, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36507628

RESUMO

Firearm violence causes significant public health burden, but there is a lack of research concerning motivations for firearm access despite clear epidemiological risk. Developing robust tools to measure attitudes toward firearms and firearm-related behaviors can improve our ability to conduct firearm violence research. We aimed to develop a feasible and effective tool that could indirectly measure firearm beliefs. A total of 274 undergraduates were recruited from two southern universities and completed an implicit association test (IAT) designed to indirectly assess attitudes toward firearms (Firearm IAT). Participants also completed self-report measures, including Attitude Toward Guns Scale (ATGS) and Gun Beliefs and Behavior Scale (GBBS) to examine explicit attitudes toward firearms. Demographic and firearm-related data were also assessed. The Firearm IAT revealed an association between firearms and negatively valenced words. The Firearm IAT had a good internal consistency and construct validity with a D score that is significantly different from 0 and a reliability score of 0.84. The Firearm IAT showed significant positive correlations with ATGS and GBBS suggesting this measure could serve as an indirect assessment of firearm attitudes.


Assuntos
Armas de Fogo , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Atitude , Violência , Autorrelato
2.
J Trauma Stress ; 31(3): 427-436, 2018 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29846967

RESUMO

Belief in one's ability to exert power and control over outcomes following trauma has long been understood as protective against the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The role of pretrauma beliefs about power and control, however, remains unclear. Though a strong pretrauma belief in power and control may similarly be protective, we predicted such a belief may actually be a diathesis for PTSD. When exposed to trauma, individuals with a strong pretrauma belief in power and control may believe they should have prevented the trauma and/or their acute reactions. Such expectations may lead to negative self-beliefs and a higher level of PTSD symptoms. Longitudinal structural equation modeling in a sample of combat soldiers (N = 305) supported our hypothesized model. Stronger predeployment power and control beliefs predicted more negative postdeployment self-beliefs, ß = .15, p = .035, 95% CI [.11, .18], and in turn, a higher level of PTSD symptoms, ß = .08, 95% CI [.01, .15]. Prior combat exposure moderated these effects in that soldiers with no prior combat experience evidenced the hypothesized associations, whereas those with moderate or high prior combat exposure did not. Resilience interventions for soldiers who are first entering combat may thus benefit from promoting acceptance of uncontrollable events in addition to agentic change skills.


Assuntos
Controle Interno-Externo , Militares/psicologia , Poder Psicológico , Autoimagem , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Análise de Classes Latentes , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Fatores de Proteção , Fatores de Risco , Estados Unidos , Exposição à Guerra , Adulto Jovem
3.
J Trauma Dissociation ; 16(5): 551-62, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26011249

RESUMO

Physiological assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) presents an additional avenue for evaluating the severity of PTSD symptoms. We investigated whether the presence of a high number of uncommon symptoms attenuated the relation between self-reported PTSD symptoms and heart rate variability (HRV). Participants were 115 veterans from Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom with or without PTSD. Symptom over-report was assessed using the Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST). Participants completed the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale and M-FAST and underwent physiological assessment to determine HRV. These data were then entered into a hierarchical linear regression equation to test the moderating effect of over-reporting on the relation between PTSD symptom severity and HRV. The result of this analysis failed to demonstrate a significant moderating effect of over-reporting on the PTSD and HRV relation. HRV was a significant predictor of PTSD symptom severity, and this relation did not differ across levels of over-reporting. These findings did not support the hypothesis that over-reporting would attenuate the relation between PTSD and HRV. Clinical and research implications and directions for future investigation are discussed.


Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Distúrbios de Guerra/fisiopatologia , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/fisiopatologia , Veteranos , Campanha Afegã de 2001- , Arkansas , Feminino , Humanos , Guerra do Iraque 2003-2011 , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicometria , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
4.
Assessment ; : 10731911241229568, 2024 Feb 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38347720

RESUMO

The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) are two of the most widely used and well-validated PTSD measures providing total and subscale scores that correspond with DSM-5 PTSD symptoms. However, there is little information about the utility of subscale scores above and beyond the total score for either measure. The current study compared the proposed DSM-5 four-factor model to a bifactor model across both measures using a sample of veterans (N = 1,240) presenting to a Veterans Affairs (VA) PTSD specialty clinic. The correlated factors and bifactor models for both measures evidenced marginal-to-acceptable fit and were retained for further evaluation. Bifactor specific indices suggested that both measures exhibited a strong general factor but weak lower-order factors. Structural regressions revealed that most of the lower-order factors provided little utility in predicting relevant outcomes. Although additional research is needed to make definitive statements about the utility of PCL-5 and CAPS-5 subscales, study findings point to numerous weaknesses. As such, caution should be exercised when using or interpreting subscale scores in future research.

5.
J Nerv Ment Dis ; 201(2): 161-6, 2013 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23364127

RESUMO

To investigate predisaster mental illness as a risk factor of poor postdisaster mental health outcomes, veterans with (n = 249) and without (n = 250) preexisting mental illness residing in the Gulf Coast during Hurricane Katrina were surveyed after Katrina and screened for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic. Logistic regression examined the association between preexisting mental disorders and positive screens after the hurricane, adjusting for demographics and exposure to hurricane-related stressors. The odds of screening positive for any new mental disorder were 6.8 times greater for those with preexisting mental illness compared with those without preexisting mental illness. Among those with preexisting PTSD, the odds of screening positive for any new mental illness were 11.9 times greater; among those with schizophrenia, 9.1 times greater; and among those with affective disorders, 4.4 times greater. Persons with preexisting mental illnesses, particularly PTSD, should be considered a high-risk group for poor outcomes after a disaster.


Assuntos
Tempestades Ciclônicas , Transtornos Mentais/complicações , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Transtornos de Ansiedade/complicações , Transtornos de Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Depressão/complicações , Depressão/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Transtorno de Pânico/complicações , Transtorno de Pânico/epidemiologia , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Estudos de Amostragem , Esquizofrenia/complicações , Esquizofrenia/epidemiologia , Sudeste dos Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/complicações , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/epidemiologia , Fatores de Tempo
6.
Pers Individ Dif ; 54(2): 272-277, 2013 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23185100

RESUMO

Although risky decision-making has been posited to contribute to the maladaptive behavior of individuals with psychopathic tendencies, the performance of psychopathic groups on a common task of risky decision-making, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT; Bechara, Damasio, Damasio, & Anderson, 1994), has been equivocal. Different aspects of psychopathy (personality traits, antisocial deviance) and/or moderating variables may help to explain these inconsistent findings. In a sample of college students (N = 129, age 18 to 27), we examined the relationship between primary and secondary psychopathic features and IGT performance. A measure of impulsivity was included to investigate its potential as a moderator. In a joint model including main effects and interactions between primary psychopathy, secondary psychopathy and impulsivity, only secondary psychopathy was significantly related to risky IGT performance, and this effect was not moderated by the other variables. This finding supports the growing literature suggesting that secondary psychopathy is a better predictor of decision-making problems than the primary psychopathic personality traits of lack of empathy and remorselessness.

7.
Suicide Life Threat Behav ; 53(5): 716-724, 2023 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37449841

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: In this article, we describe the development of a regional firearm storage network organized by investigators affiliated with the Department of Veterans Affairs and run by small business, firearm retailers who were also U.S. Veterans. METHODS: Three firearm retailers participated as collaborators in the development of a temporary out-of-home storage program and as test sites in a 4-month, uncontrolled pilot. Both quantitative and qualitative measures were collected to assess feasibility, acceptability, fidelity, and program effectiveness. RESULTS: Data indicated the out-of-home storage program was feasible and acceptable to firearm retailers and their staff. The program led to changes in staff beliefs regarding the role of secure firearm storage in suicide prevention, dispersal of materials about the out-of-home storage program to customers, conversations about secure storage and availability of out-of-home storage, and actual storage of customers' firearms. CONCLUSIONS: We discuss the potential benefits and limitations of a voluntary out-of-home storage network organized by public health professionals but run by firearm retailers.


Assuntos
Armas de Fogo , Veteranos , Humanos , Prevenção do Suicídio , Saúde Pública , Comunicação
8.
Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw ; 26(12): 896-903, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38032955

RESUMO

Predicting treatment response can inform treatment decisions, expectations, and optimize use of mental health treatment resources. This study examined heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and a modified Stroop task (mStroop) to predict post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment response. We report on an observational, longitudinal study with 45 U.S. veterans in outpatient PTSD care, who had deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan. HR and HRV were collected before, during, and after virtual reality (VR) combat and civilian scenes. HRV recovery was defined as HRV after a 3-minute VR simulation minus HRV during a VR scene. mStroop threat variables included index scores for combat and general threat. Self-report data were collected at baseline and 6 months later. The outcome variable was the 17-item Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). Controlling for baseline CAPS and number of combat experiences, the following baseline HRV recovery variables were significant predictors of 6-month CAPS: standard deviation of normal beat to beat interval (SDNN) after combat scene minus SDNN during combat scene and low-frequency (LF HRV) after civilian scene minus LF during civilian scene. HRV at rest, HR reactivity, HR recovery, and mStroop scores did not predict treatment response. In conclusion, HRV recovery variables in the context of a standardized VR stressor were significant predictors of PTSD treatment response after controlling for baseline CAPS and number of combat experiences. The direction of this relationship indicates that greater baseline HRV recovery predicts lower 6-month PTSD symptom severity. This was an exploratory study in need of replication.


Assuntos
Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos , Veteranos , Realidade Virtual , Humanos , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/terapia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Teste de Stroop , Veteranos/psicologia
9.
Psychol Trauma ; 15(8): 1233-1237, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35679208

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Despite a robust association between military sexual trauma (MST) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), few studies have examined factors that are associated with increased symptom severity. To this end, the current study was designed to examine the unique and interactive effects of gender and race on PTSD symptoms using a sample of MST survivors. METHOD: The sample included 126 veterans (71% Women, 29% Men; 70% Black/African American and 30% White/Caucasian) presenting for psychological services to a MST specialty clinic at a large Southeastern Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital. As part of their intake evaluation, veterans completed a diagnostic interview and battery of self-report questionnaires. RESULTS: Results revealed a main effect of gender and race such that veteran men and Black/African American veterans were found to have increased PTSD symptom severity. However, there was not a significant gender by race interaction. CONCLUSION: Findings are discussed with regard to previous research and treatment implications. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Militares , Delitos Sexuais , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos , Veteranos , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Delitos Sexuais/psicologia , Trauma Sexual Militar , Veteranos/psicologia , Sobreviventes/psicologia , Militares/psicologia
10.
Psychol Trauma ; 15(8): 1307-1314, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35549383

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are two highly prevaxlent and comorbid conditions common within veteran populations. Notably, those with comorbid pain and PTSD tend to have more severe presentations and poorer quality of life than those with either disorder alone. Despite this well-established relationship, limited research has examined the association between pain and PTSD symptom severity among women veterans with a history of military sexual trauma (MST). METHOD: The current study included 107 women veterans presenting for psychological services to an MST specialty clinic at a large southeastern Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital in the United States. RESULTS: Findings indicated a significant relationship between pain and overall PTSD symptom severity, as well as the intrusions and arousal and reactivity symptom clusters. Contrary to prediction, there was not a significant relationship between pain interference and PTSD symptom or cluster severity. CONCLUSION: Results highlight the importance of inquiring about pain when working with women veterans with a history of MST. Future research aimed at disentangling the casual relationship between pain and PTSD symptoms is crucial to enhance our understanding of these constructs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos , Veteranos , Humanos , Feminino , Trauma Sexual Militar , Qualidade de Vida , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/epidemiologia , Dor/epidemiologia
11.
JAMA Surg ; 158(10): 1032-1039, 2023 Oct 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37466952

RESUMO

Importance: The root cause of mass shooting events (MSEs) and the populations most affected by them are poorly understood. Objective: To examine the association between structural racism and mass shootings in major metropolitan cities in the United States. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study of MSEs in the 51 largest metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the United States analyzes population-based data from 2015 to 2019 and the Gun Violence Archive. The data analysis was performed from February 2021 to January 2022. Exposure: Shooting event where 4 or more people not including the shooter were injured or killed. Main Outcome and Measures: MSE incidence and markers of structural racism from demographic data, Gini income coefficient, Black-White segregation index, and violent crime rate. Results: There were 865 MSEs across all 51 MSAs from 2015 to 2019 with a total of 3968 injuries and 828 fatalities. Higher segregation index (ρ = 0.46, P = .003) was associated with MSE incidence (adjusted per 100 000 population) using Spearman ρ analysis. Percentage of the MSA population comprising Black individuals (ρ = 0.76, P < .001), children in a single-parent household (ρ = 0.44, P < .001), and violent crime rate (ρ = 0.34, P = .03) were other variables associated with MSEs. On linear regression, structural racism, as measured by percentage of the MSA population comprising Black individuals, was associated with MSEs (ß = 0.10; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.14; P < .001). Segregation index (ß = 0.02, 95% CI, -0.03 to 0.06; P = .53), children in a single-parent household (ß = -0.04, 95% CI, -0.11 to 0.04; P = .28), and Gini income coefficient (ß = -1.02; 95% CI, -11.97 to 9.93; P = .93) were not associated with MSEs on linear regression. Conclusions and Relevance: This study found that major US cities with higher populations of Black individuals are more likely to be affected by MSEs, suggesting that structural racism may have a role in their incidence. Public health initiatives aiming to prevent MSEs should target factors associated with structural racism to address gun violence.

12.
Psychol Serv ; 19(Suppl 2): 28-32, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34110856

RESUMO

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a major impact on the world. In the United States, healthcare systems have been taxed, medical supplies depleted, and healthcare providers overburdened by the increased need. Although psychologists cannot provide medical services, we possess a unique skillset that can alleviate some of the stress placed on healthcare providers, answer important questions about how this disease impacts patients, and support the growing mental health needs of providers and patients alike. The following commentary outlines the ways in which psychologists and mental health workers at one facility, the Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, supported the medical system and cared for patient and staff mental health in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lessons learned from this experience as well as important future steps are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Pandemias , Adaptação Psicológica , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia , Humanos , Saúde Mental , Estados Unidos
13.
J Interpers Violence ; 36(13-14): NP7619-NP7636, 2021 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30762461

RESUMO

Gun violence is a serious public health concern that is currently grossly understudied. Gun attitudes are a potential risk factor for gun violence; however, factors related to gun attitudes have not been identified. Mental illness such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is commonly discussed as a key factor in gun violence, despite research lacking in this area, and it is unknown whether symptoms of PTSD and probable PTSD are associated with more positive attitudes toward guns. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relations between PTSD symptoms and gun attitudes among 265 undergraduate students who experienced at least one interpersonal traumatic event (Mage = 24.69 years, SD = 7.15 years, 75.6% female, 61.1% White). Path analysis revealed that individuals with PTSD symptoms above clinical cutoff were not more likely to have more positive gun attitudes. However, the PTSD symptom clusters evinced distinct relations with gun attitudes. Intrusion and avoidance symptoms were related to gun beliefs regarding protection, with intrusion symptoms being linked to a stronger belief that guns provide protection from crime and victimization (ß = .23), whereas avoidance symptoms were inversely associated with this belief (ß = -.22). Interestingly, neither trauma related in feelings and thoughts nor arousal and reactivity corresponded with gun attitudes. Certain PTSD symptom clusters may be relevant in understanding gun beliefs, with specific symptoms exhibiting distinct ties to gun attitudes.


Assuntos
Vítimas de Crime , Armas de Fogo , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos , Adulto , Atitude , Emoções , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem
14.
Addict Behav ; 113: 106692, 2021 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33099250

RESUMO

Despite a growing body of research examining correlates and consequences of COVID-19, few findings have been published among military veterans. This limitation is particularly concerning as preliminary data indicate that veterans may experience a higher rate of mortality compared to their civilian counterparts. One factor that may contribute to increased rates of death among veterans with COVID-19 is tobacco use. Indeed, findings from a recent meta-analysis highlight the association between lifetime smoking status and COVID-19 progression to more severe or critical conditions including death. Notably, prevalence rates of tobacco use are higher among veterans than civilians. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to examine demographic and medical variables that may contribute to likelihood of death among veterans testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, we examined the unique influence of lifetime tobacco use on veteran mortality when added to the complete model. Retrospective chart reviews were conducted on 440 veterans (80.5% African American/Black) who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (7.3% deceased) at a large, southeastern Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital between March 11, 2020 and April 23, 2020, with data analysis occurring from May 26, 2020 to June 5, 2020. Older age, male gender, immunodeficiency, endocrine, and pulmonary diseases were positively related to the relative risk of death among SARS-CoV-2 positive veterans, with lifetime tobacco use predicting veteran mortality above and beyond these variables. Findings highlight the importance of assessing for lifetime tobacco use among SARS-CoV-2 positive patients and the relative importance of lifetime tobacco use as a risk factor for increased mortality.


Assuntos
COVID-19/mortalidade , Doenças do Sistema Endócrino/epidemiologia , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/epidemiologia , Pneumopatias/epidemiologia , Fumar/epidemiologia , Veteranos/estatística & dados numéricos , Negro ou Afro-Americano/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Feminino , Hospitais de Veteranos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Uso de Tabaco/epidemiologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , População Branca/estatística & dados numéricos
15.
Arch Suicide Res ; 24(4): 517-533, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33250005

RESUMO

The current study sought to explore suicidal concomitants, both demographic and psychological, among former military personal. The sample included 645 veterans who are at increased risk for suicide but have not yet pursued Veterans Health Administration (VHA) services. Descriptive statistics revealed that these veterans are primarily young Caucasian males who served in the U.S. Army. In terms of psychological characteristics, the current sample reported clinically significant levels of depression, post-traumatic stress, and insomnia. Furthermore, respondents acknowledged use of various substances and high levels of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. The demographic and psychological makeup of our sample was somewhat similar to that of VHA-connected veterans except that our sample was slightly more educated and reported less physical pain.


Assuntos
Depressão , Militares/psicologia , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos , Ideação Suicida , Prevenção do Suicídio , Suicídio , Veteranos/psicologia , Adulto , Sintomas Comportamentais/diagnóstico , Sintomas Comportamentais/psicologia , Depressão/diagnóstico , Depressão/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Medição de Risco/métodos , Fatores de Risco , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/diagnóstico , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/epidemiologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/epidemiologia , Suicídio/psicologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Saúde dos Veteranos/estatística & dados numéricos
16.
Psychol Trauma ; 11(1): 99-106, 2019 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30507217

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Gun violence is a serious public health concern, yet risk factors for gun violence involvement remain understudied. Childhood trauma exposure, such as domestic violence (DV) and community violence (CV), may increase the risk for aggression, although this relationship has not been examined in the context of gun violence. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether different childhood trauma ecologies are related to increased gun violence involvement and gun violence risk factors among individuals hospitalized for a gun injury. METHOD: Seventy-two gun violence victims reported on their gun violence involvement and gun violence risk factors (e.g., gun ownership, gun carrying, gun arrests, impulsivity, perceptions regarding violence) at hospital bedside. RESULTS: Childhood DV and CV exposure were both associated with increased gun violence involvement as well as numerous gun violence risk factors. Effect sizes were generally medium to large (M d = .53). CONCLUSION: Childhood traumatic events, such as DV and CV, may be important antecedent risk factors for gun violence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Adultos Sobreviventes de Eventos Adversos na Infância , Vítimas de Crime , Violência com Arma de Fogo , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Agressão , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos Piloto , Fatores de Risco , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/terapia , Adulto Jovem
17.
J Cogn Psychother ; 33(1): 58-70, 2019 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32746422

RESUMO

Perfectionism, a trait-like individual difference variable reflecting the tendency to set extremely high standards along with critical evaluations of one's own behavior, has long been regarded as a risk and maintenance factor for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, research exploring the relationship between these constructs is mixed. One explanation for these equivocal findings is the heterogeneous nature of OCD. Indeed, there is increasing evidence for distinct symptom dimensions that are more homogenous than the broad OCD phenotype. The current study examined the associations between self-reported perfectionism and OCD symptom dimensions controlling for probable depression status. The sample included 67 rural veterans. Results revealed a unique association between perfectionism and the unacceptable thoughts dimension of OCD. These findings are consistent with a growing body of literature demonstrating that OCD symptom dimensions have unique underlying dysfunctional beliefs.

18.
Mil Med ; 184(1-2): e124-e132, 2019 01 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30020511

RESUMO

Introduction: There is a long history of pre-deployment PTSD prevention efforts in the military and effective pre-deployment strategies to prevent post-deployment PTSD are still needed. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled trial included three arms: heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB), cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM-I), and control. The hypothesis was that pre-deployment resilience training would result in lower post-deployment PTSD symptoms compared with control. Army National Guard soldiers (n = 342) were enrolled in the Warriors Achieving Resilience (WAR) study and analyzed. The outcome was PTSD symptom severity using the PTSD Checklist - Military version (PCL) measured at pre-deployment, 3- and 12-month post-deployment. Due to the repeated measures for each participant and cluster randomization at the company level, generalized linear mixed models were used for the analysis. This study was approved by the Army Human Research Protection Office, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Institutional Review Board (IRB), and Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System IRB. Results: Overall, there was no significant intervention effect. However, there were significant intervention effects for subgroups of soldiers. For example, at 3-months post-deployment, the HRVB arm had significantly lower PCL scores than the control arm for soldiers with no previous combat zone exposure who were age 30 and older and for soldiers with previous combat zone exposure who were 45 and older (unadjusted effect size -0.97 and -1.03, respectively). A significant difference between the CBM-I and control arms was found for soldiers without previous combat zone exposure between ages 23 and 42 (unadjusted effect size -0.41). Similarly, at 12-months post-deployment, the HRVB arm had significantly lower PCL scores in older soldiers. Conclusion: Pre-deployment resilience training was acceptable and feasible and resulted in lower post-deployment PTSD symptom scores in subgroups of older soldiers compared with controls. Strengths of the study included cluster randomization at the company level, use of iPod device to deliver the resilience intervention throughout the deployment cycle, and minimal disruption of pre-deployment training by using self-paced resilience training. Weaknesses included self-report app use, study personnel not able to contact soldiers during deployment, and in general a low level of PTSD symptom severity throughout the study. In future studies, it would important for the study team and/or military personnel implementing the resilience training to be in frequent contact with participants to ensure proper use of the resilience training apps.


Assuntos
Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/normas , Retroalimentação , Frequência Cardíaca , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/prevenção & controle , Veteranos/psicologia , Adaptação Psicológica , Adolescente , Adulto , Arkansas , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Louisiana , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Militares/psicologia , Militares/estatística & dados numéricos , Monitorização Fisiológica/métodos , Fatores de Risco , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Veteranos/estatística & dados numéricos , Guerra/psicologia
20.
Psychol Violence ; 8(2): 259-268, 2018 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30140548

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to develop a novel, hospital-based motivational interviewing (MI) intervention for victims of armed community violence (MI-VoV) targeting patient-specific risk factors for future violence or violent victimization. METHOD: This uncontrolled pilot feasibility study examined a sample of patients (n = 71) hospitalized due to violent injury at a Level 1 Trauma Center in [Location Redacted for Masked Review] between January 2013 and May 2014. Patients first participated in a brief assessment to identify risk factors for violence/violent injury. A single MI session then targeted risk behaviors identified for each patient. Proximal outcomes, including motivation for change and behaviors to reduce risk, were examined at 2 weeks and 6-12 weeks post-discharge. Distal outcomes, including fighting, weapon-carrying, and gun-carrying, and other violence risk factors were examined at 6-12 week follow-up. RESULTS: Ninety-five patients were offered participation, 79 (83.2%) agreed to participate, and 73 (76.8%) completed the risk assessment. Of these, 71 had at least one violence/violent injury risk factor. Behaviors to reduce risk were significantly greater at two-week and 6-12 week follow-up (ps < .05). Fighting, weapon-carrying, gun-carrying were significantly reduced at 6-12 week follow-up (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: This intervention appears to be feasible to implement and acceptable to patients. A randomized controlled trial evaluating efficacy appears warranted.

SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA