Tracheobronchopathia Osteochondroplastica: a rare case report of a non-smoker and non-atopic patient, with a long history of wheezing since childhood.

BACKGROUND: Tracheobronchopathia Osteochondroplastica (TBPO) is an uncommon and benign condition characterized by osseous or metaplastic cartilaginous 1-3 mm nodules in the submucosa of the tracheo-bronchial tree. Posterior membranous wall of trachea is typically spared. Ecchondrosis and exostosis nodules can cause chronic inflammation and mucosal metaplasia, stiffness and airway obstruction. The prevalence of this disease, often asymptomatic or associated with nonspecific symptoms, is underestimated, and the mean age at diagnosis is 50 years. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 49 year old male, non-smoker. He was a smith, homeless, born in Romania and reported a diagnosis of asthma since childhood. He was admitted to our Respiratory Unit presenting low-grade fever with profuse sweating, cough, purulent sputum, and ground-glass opacity with irregularity in main bronchi detected by High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) scan. Fibrobronchoscopy revealed the presence of mucosal irregularities up to the segmental bronchi entrance. Histological examination showed nodules of osseouscartilaginous nature, consistent with TBPO. Microbiological tests of Bronchoalveolar Lavage fluid also revealed an infection by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. CONCLUSION: TBPO is a rare disease characterized by wheezing, cough, hemoptysis, and recurrent pulmonary infections, with typical onset during adulthood. In the case reported, the symptoms began in childhood, although they had been misinterpreted as asthma. Even if childhood-onset is not reported in literature, it is likely that small changes occur in the first few years of life and become more evident in adulthood. The involvement of segmental and sub-segmental bronchi, usually spared in TBPO, could explain the presence of wheezing and non-productive cough reported by our patient since childhood.

Impact of tissue type and content of neoplastic cells of samples on the quality of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation analysis among patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

Assessment of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutational status has become crucial in recent years in the molecular classification of patients with lung cancer. The impact of the type and quantity of malignant cells of the neoplastic specimen on the quality of mutation analysis remains to be elucidated, and only empirical and sporadic data are available. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of tissue type and content of neoplastic cells in the specimen on the quality of EGFR mutation analysis among patients with lung adenocarcinoma. A total of 515 patients with histologically-confirmed disease were included in the present study. Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue samples were used for the mutation analysis and the content of the neoplastic cells was evaluated using light microscopy. Genomic DNA was isolated using a standard protocol. The coding sequences and splice junctions of exons 18, 19 and 21 in the EGFR gene were then screened for mutations by direct automated sequencing. The mean age of the patients examined was 64.9 years and 357 (69.3%) were male. A total of 429 tissue samples (83.3%) were obtained by biopsy and the remaining samples were obtained by surgery. A total of 456 samples (88.5%) were observed from primary lung adenocarcinomas, while 59 (11.5%) were from metastatic lesions. EGFR mutations occurred in 59 cases (11.5%); exon 18 mutations were detected in one case (1.7%), whereas exon 19 and 21 mutations were detected in 30 (51%) and 28 (47.3%) cases, respectively. EGFR mutations were more frequent in females and patients that had never smoked. The distribution of the mutations among primary and metastatic tissues exhibited no significant differences in the proportions of EGFR mutations detected. However, a statistically significant difference in the number of mutations detected was found between samples with at least 50% of neoplastic cells (450 cases-57 mutations; 12.7%) and those with <50% of neoplastic cells (65 cases-2 mutations; 3.1%).

[Laryngeal mask anesthesia technique in adenoidectomy procedures with or without tonsillectomy]. / Técnica anestésica con mascarilla laríngea en intervenciones de adenoidectomía y/o amigdalectomía.

Our experience with laryngeal airway mask in 241 children is reported: 168 adenoidectomies, 47 adenotonsillectomies and 26 tonsillectomies. In every case the device was easy to insert and blood did not enter the upper airway. The technical facility was similar to that of orotracheal intubation surgery. The laryngeal mask was effective for safe airway control, constituting a laryngotracheal barrier against blood, secretions and other fluids and avoiding the irritation of the intraluminal cuff in orotracheal intubation. It requires less deep anesthesia and insertion can be carried out without neuromuscular blockade. Induction and perioperative time are reduced, patient recovery is expedited, and recovery is more comfortable than with other anesthetic techniques. Anesthesiological resultant parameters were within the range of safety. Otherwise, the presence of the laryngeal mask, with its hypopharyngeal cuff, presented no relevant complications for visual and instrumental access to the surgical field. This allows the surgeon to completely eliminate adenotonsillary tissue and to perform effective hemostasis.

Experiencia con phs en cirugía mayor ambulatoria / No disponible

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La anestesia local con sedación como técnica de primera elección en la cirugía de hernia inguinal en régimen ambulatorio: rápida recuperación postoperatoria, alta seguridad y optimización de recursos / Local anesthesia with sedation as elective procedure in day ucise groin hernioplasty: quick postoperative recovery, high security and saving resources

Introducción: La anestesia local con sedación (ALS) se considera la técnica ‘gold estándar’ en la hernioplastia inguinal unilateral abierta, a pesar de que la anestesia raquídea (AR) sigue siendo la técnica más empleada en la práctica clínica diaria. La ALS parece aportar importantes ventajas con respecto a la AR, especialmente en el ámbito de la cirugía sin ingreso (CSI). El objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar los beneficios de ALS frente a AR en la hernioplastia inguinal en cuanto a los tiempos postoperatorios y las complicaciones postoperatorias en una unidad quirúrgica que realiza el 100 % de su actividad en régimen de Cirugía Mayor Ambulatoria (CMA). Material y método: 25 pacientes sometidos a hernioplastia inguinal con ALS y 25 con AR fueron incluidos en un estudio observacional retrospectivo comparativo. El estado clínico (ASA), el tipo de anestesia, los tiempos de recuperación en la Unidad de Recuperación Postanestésica (URPA), en la Unidad de Readaptación al Medio (URM) y durante su convalecencia en domicilio fueron comparados. Se registró cualquier complicación detectada en el periodo postoperatorio hasta el alta definitiva en ambos grupos. Resultados: Todos los pacientes fueron intervenidos según lo previsto. El tiempo de estancia media en URPA y URM, así como el tiempo transcurrido para recuperar la actividad normal tras la intervención, fueron significativamente inferiores en el grupo ALS. Las complicaciones fueron menos frecuentes y menos severas en el grupo ALS. Conclusión: Este trabajo afianza la ALS como técnica más adecuada que la AR para la intervención de hernia inguinal unilateral abierta en régimen de CMA (AU)

Introduction: Local anesthesia with sedation (LAS) is the ‘gold standar’ anesthetic technique in open groin hernioplasty, even if raquidea anesthesia (RA) is actually the most frequent anesthesia technique at the moment. LAS could contribute several advantages in this procedure especially in day case surgery. The main goal of this report is to show the benefits of LAS for groin hernioplasty regarding postoperative recovery times and outcomes in an only outpatient surgery unit. Material and methods: A 25 LAS group and a 25 RA group were enrolled in this observational retrospective comparative study. The clinical status (ASA), anesthetic technique, the Postanesthetic recovery Unit (PARU) recovery time, time before discharge, and time required to normal activity were compared. Any postoperative outcome was recorded. Results: All patients were operated as planned. Recovery times were shorter in the LAS group. Outcomes were more infrequent as well less severe in the LAS group. Conclusion: This report demonstrates that LAS is the most suitable anesthetic technique for unilateral open groin herniorraphy in Day case (AU)

Nuevas aportaciones de la mascarilla laríngea en cirugía ambulatoria. Contribución de la mascarilla laríngea Supreme / No disponible

Desde la introducción de la mascarilla laríngea, su uso se ha expandido especialmente en el contexto de la cirugía ambulatoria. La mascarilla laríngea representa el “patrón oro” de los dispositivos supraglóticos, y es la referencia con la que los nuevos dispositivos deben ser comparados. La presente revisión es una actualización de las principales indicaciones de la mascarilla laríngea en usos avanzados, incluyendo el abordaje de la vía aérea difícil en el paciente intervenido de forma ambulatoria. Así mismo se incluye una revisión de las indicaciones, aportaciones, y ventajas de la mascarilla laríngea Supreme aplicadas al contexto de la cirugía sin ingreso (AU)

Since the introduction of the original laryngeal mask airway(LMA) in the nineties in our country, its use has expanded especially in the context of outpatient surgery. The LMA remains the “gold standard” of the supraglotic devices and the standard by which all other devices should be compared. This review is an update of the main indications of the LMA in advanced applications, including addressing the difficult airway in the patient operated on an outpatient basis. Also includes a review of the information, contributions, and advantages of the LMA supreme applied to the context of day surgery (AU)

Regurgitación a través del tubo de drenaje gástrico de la mascarilla laríngea proseal / Regugitation through the gastric drainage tube of a Proseal laryngeal mask

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