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1.
Cad Saude Publica ; 37(5): e00191119, 2021.
Artigo em Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34008699

RESUMO

The Brazilian National Social Security Institute has used the Social Security Epidemiological Technical Nexus (NTEP) since 2007 to associate risks of the occurrence of work-related disability to classes of economic activities. This study aimed to identify the main risks of this type in Brazilian companies. We conducted a dynamic census cohort study with secondary national data from the Single Benefit System (SUB) and the National Registry of Social Information (CNIS). The Worker's Identification Number (NIT) allowed linking the occurrence of disabling conditions (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision - ICD-10) to economic activities (National Classification of Economic Activities, CNAE). The NTEP was established with the highest risks between the seven most populous CNAE classes and seven largest ICD-10 among social security benefits from 2000 to 2016. During the period, Brazil had entitled employees with 30,815,310.06 employment contracts per year with 512,967,233.15 contract days. The most populous CNAE were: "retail commerce - hypermarkets", "roadway collective passenger transportation", "multipurpose banks with commercial portfolios", "pork and poultry slaughtering", "job selection and hiring", "nonhazardous waste collection", and "automobile, pickup truck, and utility vehicle manufacturing". The most prevalent disabling conditions were: back disorders, wrist and hand injuries, knee and leg injuries, soft tissue disorders, mood disorders, joint disorders, and neurotic disorders. Among the 49 combinations of ICD-10 and CNAE, the NTEP was established for 27 (55.1%). The study corroborates the accuracy and consistency of NTEP for identifying risks and etiological fractions.


O Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social do Brasil usa o Nexo Técnico Epidemiológico Previdenciário (NTEP) desde 2007 para associar riscos de ocorrência de incapacidade laboral com classes de atividades econômicas. Este trabalho visou a identificar os principais riscos desse tipo nas empresas brasileiras. Realizamos um estudo de coorte censitária dinâmica, com dados nacionais secundários: o Sistema Único de Benefício (SUB) e o Cadastro Nacional de Informações Sociais (CNIS). O número de identificação do trabalhador (NIT) permitiu vincular a ocorrência de condições incapacitantes (Classificação Internacional de Doenças, 10ª revisão - CID-10) com as atividades econômicas (Classificação Nacional de Atividades Econômicas - CNAE). O NTEP foi estabelecido com os maiores riscos entre as sete classes CNAE mais populosas e sete maiores grupos CID-10 entre os benefícios previdenciários de 2000 a 2016. O Brasil teve no período uma população de empregados segurados de 30.815.310,06 vínculos-médios ao ano com 512.967.233,15 vínculos-dias. As CNAE mais populosas foram: "comércio varejista - hipermercados", "transporte rodoviário coletivo de passageiros", "bancos múltiplos, com carteira comercial", "abate de suínos e aves", "seleção e agenciamento de mão de obra", "coleta de resíduos não perigosos" e "fabricação de automóveis, camionetas e utilitários". As condições incapacitantes mais prevalentes foram: dorsopatias, traumatismos do punho e da mão, traumatismos do joelho e da perna, transtornos dos tecidos moles, transtornos do humor, artropatias e transtornos neuróticos. Entre as 49 combinações de CID-10 e CNAE estabeleceu-se o NTEP para 27 (55,1%). O estudo ratifica a acurácia e consistência do NTEP para identificar riscos e frações etiológicas.


El Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social de Brasil usa el Nexo Técnico Epidemiológico de la Seguridad Social (NTEP) desde 2007, para asociar riesgos de ocurrencia de incapacidad laboral con clases de actividades económicas. Este estudio tuvo como meta identificar los principales riesgos de este tipo en empresas brasileñas. Realizamos un estudio de cohorte censal dinámica, con datos nacionales secundarios del Sistema Único de Beneficio (SUB), así como del Registro Nacional de Información Social (CNIS). El número de identificación del trabajador (NIT) permitió vincular la ocurrencia de condiciones incapacitantes (Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades, 10ª edición - CIE-10) con las actividades económicas (Clasificación Nacional de Actividades Económicas - CNAE). El NTEP fue establecido con los mayores riesgos entre las siete clases CNAE más pobladas y siete grupos mayores CIE-10 entre los beneficios de seguridad social de 2000 a 2016. Brasil tuvo durante este período una población de empleados asegurados de 30.815.310,06 vínculos-medios al año con 512.967.233,15 vínculos-días. Las CNAE más pobladas fueron: "comercio minorista - hipermercados", "transporte por carretera colectivo de pasajeros", "bancos múltiples, con cartera comercial", "matadero de porcino y aves", "selección y contratación de mano de obra", "recogida de residuos no-peligrosos" y "fabricación de automóviles, camionetas y utilitarios". Las condiciones incapacitantes más prevalentes fueron: dorsopatías, traumatismos del puño y de la mano, traumatismos de la rodilla y de la pierna, trastornos de los tejidos blandos, trastornos del humor, artropatías y trastornos neuróticos. Entre las 49 combinaciones de CIE-10 y CNAE se estableció el NTEP para 27 (55,1%). El estudio ratifica la precisión y consistencia del NTEP para identificar riesgos y fracciones etiológicas.


Assuntos
Pessoas com Deficiência , Previdência Social , Brasil , Estudos de Coortes , Humanos , Licença Médica
2.
Int J Occup Environ Health ; 16(1): 36-43, 2010.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20166317

RESUMO

Informal labor markets have grown in peripheral countries, accounting for more than 50% of jobs. There is anecdotal evidence of a direct relation between informal sector growth and an increase in the frequency and severity of work-related diseases and injuries. Two sister pilot projects were conducted in Uberaba and Campinas, Brazil to develop population-based epidemiological surveillance of workplace injuries in the informal sector. Results for Campinas and Uberaba found cumulative yearly incidences of 5.1% and 10.4%, with incidence rates of 2.2 and 6.5 injuries per 100,000 worked hours, respectively. The proportions of lost work time were 0.3% and 0.31%. Rates found were comparable to those found in the literature for both formal and informal jobs. These results suggest that bad working conditions in the formal labor market are replicated in the informal market as subcontracting and outsourcing contribute to the growth of informal jobs.


Assuntos
Acidentes de Trabalho/estatística & dados numéricos , Exposição Ocupacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Vigilância de Evento Sentinela , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos Piloto
3.
Cien Saude Colet ; 25(2): 715-727, 2020 Feb.
Artigo em Português, Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32022211

RESUMO

This was a cross-sectional study to start a cohort in two University Hospitals of two countries - Brazil and Colombia - for assessing the prevalence of needlestick and sharps injuries (NSI), the level of compliance with standard precautions (SPs), and knowledge on blood borne pathogens and associated factors among health students and professionals, within the framework of the implementation of the NR-32 standard. We created compliance scales based on 12 and 10 questions, for assessing knowledge. We used the Multinomial Poisson-Tweedie Regression to evaluate the relationship between knowledge and compliance with SPs within NSI. We evaluated 965 individuals (348 students and 614 professionals). The mean score points for level of knowledge was 10.98, with a median of 11 (10; 12) and α-Cr of 0,625. Compliance with SP had a mean of 30.74 and median of 31 (28; 34), with a α-Cr coefficient of 0.745, associated with country, group (student) and risk perception. Among the factors associated with the report of NSI, we singled out knowledge and compliance, country of origin, and full vaccination scheme against the Hepatitis B virus. We concluded that the level of knowledge and compliance were adequate among participants, but better among Brazilian participants, and it was associated with NSI reporting.


Fizemos estudo transversal para iniciar coorte em dois Hospitais Universitários de dois países - Brasil e Colômbia - para avaliar a prevalência de acidentes com material biológico (AT-MB), o nível de adesão às Precauções Padrão (PP) e o conhecimento sobre patógenos transmissíveis pelo sangue e fatores associados entre trabalhadores e estudantes da saúde, no marco da implementação da norma NR-32. Criamos escalas para estimar conhecimento e adesão baseadas em 12 e 11 perguntas respectivamente. Utilizamos Regressão de Poisson-Tweedie para avaliar a associação do conhecimento e da adesão às PP com sofrer AT-MB. Avaliamos 965 indivíduos (348 estudantes e 617 profissionais). O conhecimento teve média de 10,98 com mediana de 11 (10, 12) e α-Cr de 0,625. A média de adesão foi de 30,74 com mediana de 31 (28, 34) e α-Cr de 0,745, associando-se a País, grupo (estudantes) e percepção de risco. Entre os fatores associadas ao relato de AT-MB encontraram-se o conhecimento, a adesão às PP, País de origem e ter tomado o esquema completo de vacinação contra Hepatites B. Concluímos que o nível de conhecimento e adesão foram adequados, ainda melhores entre os participantes do Brasil e associaram-se ao relato AT-MB.


Hicimos estudio transversal como punto de partida de estudio de cohorte en dos Hospitales Universitarios en dos países - Brasil y Colombia - para evaluar la prevalencia de accidentes con material biológico (AT-MB), el nivel de adhesión a las Precauciones Estándares (PUs) y el conocimiento sobre patógenos transmisibles y factores asociados entre trabajadores y estudiantes de la Salud en el marco de la implementación de la norma NR-32. Creamos escalas para evaluar el conocimiento y la adhesión con base en 12 e 11 preguntas respectivamente. Utilizamos Regresión de Poisson-Tweedie para evaluar asociación entre el conocimiento y la adhesión a las PUs con sufrir AT-MB. Evaluamos 965 individuos (348 estudiantes e 617 profesionales). El puntaje medio de conocimiento fue 10,98 con mediana de 11 (10, 12) y α-Cr de 0,625. La media de adhesión fue de 30,74 con mediana de 31 (28, 34) e α-Cr de 0,745, asociándose a país, grupo (estudiantes) e percepción de riesgo. Entre los factores asociados al relato de AT-MB encontramos conocimiento, adhesión a las PUs, país de origen y tener el esquema completo de vacunación contra Virus da Hepatitis B. Concluimos que el nivel de conocimiento y adhesión fueron adecuados, aunque mejores entre los participantes del Brasil y se asociaron a los AT-MB.


Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Ferimentos Penetrantes Produzidos por Agulha/prevenção & controle , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Idoso , Patógenos Transmitidos pelo Sangue , Brasil , Estudos de Coortes , Colômbia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Estudantes de Ciências da Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto Jovem
4.
Disabil Rehabil ; 41(5): 601-612, 2019 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29041820

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Data on disability are regularly collected by different institutions or ministries using specific tools for different purposes, for instance to estimate the prevalence of disability or eligibility of specific populations for social benefits. The interoperability of disability data collected in countries is essential for policy making and to monitor the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The first objective of this paper is to map and compare tools that collect data on disability for different purposes, more specifically the Brazilian National Health Survey and the Brazilian Functioning Index to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank Model Disability Survey (MDS), currently recommended as a standard tool for disability measurement. The second objective is to demonstrate the usefulness and value of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Linking Rules to map and compare population-based surveys and other content-related tools collecting data on disability, even when these have already been developed based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. METHODS: Disability information collected with the three different tools was mapped and compared using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Linking Rules. RESULTS: Although the disability module in the Brazilian National Health Survey is fundamentally different from the MDS, the mapping disclosed that several modules of the Brazilian National Health Survey already cover many aspects necessary to estimate prevalence and understand disability as currently recommended by the WHO and the World Bank. The Brazilian Functioning Index and the MDS are both based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and are very similar in the approach and content of their questions on functioning. Specific information on environmental factors is essential to identify needs and barriers, as well as to devise procedures to reduce injustice and inequalities. This information is still not targeted broadly enough in both the Brazilian National Health Survey and the Brazilian Functioning Index. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this mapping exercise showed that applying the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health linking rules to population-based data coming from different sources provides researchers and stakeholders involved in decision-making with standardized and straightforward information about overlaps and gaps. Implications for Rehabilitation Data on functioning and disability regularly collected with different purposes and by different institutions or ministries within a country can be compared using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as a reference framework and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health linking rules. The recently published refinements of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Linking Rules go beyond the sole linking to International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health categories and provide standardized procedures to document the perspective of linked questions or the categorization of response options. They are therefore useful to compared tools that have been developed based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. The current disability module of the Brazilian Health Survey needs a revision to be suitable to collect data on disability that is Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities conform and guarantees interoperability with disability data from other sources in Brazil, especially from disability assessment for social benefits and implementation of policies.


Assuntos
Atividades Cotidianas , Pessoas com Deficiência , Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde , Brasil , Coleta de Dados , Avaliação da Deficiência , Pessoas com Deficiência/reabilitação , Pessoas com Deficiência/estatística & dados numéricos , Definição da Elegibilidade , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Prevalência , Inquéritos e Questionários
5.
Clin J Pain ; 24(2): 98-105, 2008 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18209514

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of acupuncture in migraine prophylaxis. METHODS: Thirty-seven patients with migraine were enrolled in a randomized control trial at the Headache clinic located in a University Hospital. Real and sham acupuncture groups received 16 acupuncture sessions over 3 months. Treatment was individualized in the real acupuncture group and minimal acupuncture was used in the sham group. The primary end point was the percentage of patients with a >or=50% reduction in their migraine attack frequency in the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth (months) compared with the first one (baseline period). Primary and secondary end points were measured comparing headache diaries. RESULTS: Real acupuncture group showed improvement with significant differences compared with the sham acupuncture group in the primary efficacy end point (P=0.021) at the second month of the treatment. Differences also appeared in 2 secondary end points: number of days with migraine per month (P=0.007) in the second month and the percentage of patients with >or=40% reduction in migraine attack frequency in the first (P=0.044) and second months (P=0.004) of the treatment. These differences disappeared in the third (last) month of the treatment as a consequence of the high improvement of the sham acupuncture group. Comparisons within each group showed that several migraine parameters evaluated improved significantly in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Individualized treatment based on traditional Chinese medicine plays a role in preventing migraine attacks. Nevertheless, sham acupuncture had similar effects. Major conclusions were limited by the small sample sizes however the observed trends may contribute to design future trials.


Assuntos
Analgesia por Acupuntura/métodos , Analgesia por Acupuntura/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/prevenção & controle , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/terapia , Analgesia por Acupuntura/instrumentação , Adulto , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/fisiopatologia , Náusea/etiologia , Náusea/prevenção & controle , Náusea/terapia , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Medição da Dor , Satisfação do Paciente , Efeito Placebo , Placebos , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Distribuição por Sexo , Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Vômito/etiologia , Vômito/prevenção & controle
6.
Rev Bras Enferm ; 71(suppl 5): 2295-2301, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês, Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30365797

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: to analyze how family health nurses assess quality of care; check if they have any intention of leaving their current job and nursing; estimate prevalence of professional exhaustion; and correlate these variables. METHOD: cross-sectional and correlational study with 198 nurses. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was applied, as it has questions for characterizing nurses, assessing perception on quality of care and of material and human resources, and verifying intention of leaving current work and nursing. RESULTS: most nurses assess quality of care as good, 28.0% present emotional exhaustion, there is intention of leaving current work and nursing. CONCLUSIONS: family health nurses experience professional exhaustion, which in turn presents correlation with decreased quality of care and increased intentions of leaving current work and nursing.


Assuntos
Esgotamento Profissional/etiologia , Intenção , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/psicologia , Adulto , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Esgotamento Profissional/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Saúde da Família , Feminino , Humanos , Satisfação no Emprego , Masculino , Enfermagem de Atenção Primária/métodos , Enfermagem de Atenção Primária/normas , Inquéritos e Questionários
7.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 37(5): e00191119, 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249436

RESUMO

O Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social do Brasil usa o Nexo Técnico Epidemiológico Previdenciário (NTEP) desde 2007 para associar riscos de ocorrência de incapacidade laboral com classes de atividades econômicas. Este trabalho visou a identificar os principais riscos desse tipo nas empresas brasileiras. Realizamos um estudo de coorte censitária dinâmica, com dados nacionais secundários: o Sistema Único de Benefício (SUB) e o Cadastro Nacional de Informações Sociais (CNIS). O número de identificação do trabalhador (NIT) permitiu vincular a ocorrência de condições incapacitantes (Classificação Internacional de Doenças, 10ª revisão - CID-10) com as atividades econômicas (Classificação Nacional de Atividades Econômicas - CNAE). O NTEP foi estabelecido com os maiores riscos entre as sete classes CNAE mais populosas e sete maiores grupos CID-10 entre os benefícios previdenciários de 2000 a 2016. O Brasil teve no período uma população de empregados segurados de 30.815.310,06 vínculos-médios ao ano com 512.967.233,15 vínculos-dias. As CNAE mais populosas foram: "comércio varejista - hipermercados", "transporte rodoviário coletivo de passageiros", "bancos múltiplos, com carteira comercial", "abate de suínos e aves", "seleção e agenciamento de mão de obra", "coleta de resíduos não perigosos" e "fabricação de automóveis, camionetas e utilitários". As condições incapacitantes mais prevalentes foram: dorsopatias, traumatismos do punho e da mão, traumatismos do joelho e da perna, transtornos dos tecidos moles, transtornos do humor, artropatias e transtornos neuróticos. Entre as 49 combinações de CID-10 e CNAE estabeleceu-se o NTEP para 27 (55,1%). O estudo ratifica a acurácia e consistência do NTEP para identificar riscos e frações etiológicas.


The Brazilian National Social Security Institute has used the Social Security Epidemiological Technical Nexus (NTEP) since 2007 to associate risks of the occurrence of work-related disability to classes of economic activities. This study aimed to identify the main risks of this type in Brazilian companies. We conducted a dynamic census cohort study with secondary national data from the Single Benefit System (SUB) and the National Registry of Social Information (CNIS). The Worker's Identification Number (NIT) allowed linking the occurrence of disabling conditions (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision - ICD-10) to economic activities (National Classification of Economic Activities, CNAE). The NTEP was established with the highest risks between the seven most populous CNAE classes and seven largest ICD-10 among social security benefits from 2000 to 2016. During the period, Brazil had entitled employees with 30,815,310.06 employment contracts per year with 512,967,233.15 contract days. The most populous CNAE were: "retail commerce - hypermarkets", "roadway collective passenger transportation", "multipurpose banks with commercial portfolios", "pork and poultry slaughtering", "job selection and hiring", "nonhazardous waste collection", and "automobile, pickup truck, and utility vehicle manufacturing". The most prevalent disabling conditions were: back disorders, wrist and hand injuries, knee and leg injuries, soft tissue disorders, mood disorders, joint disorders, and neurotic disorders. Among the 49 combinations of ICD-10 and CNAE, the NTEP was established for 27 (55.1%). The study corroborates the accuracy and consistency of NTEP for identifying risks and etiological fractions.


El Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social de Brasil usa el Nexo Técnico Epidemiológico de la Seguridad Social (NTEP) desde 2007, para asociar riesgos de ocurrencia de incapacidad laboral con clases de actividades económicas. Este estudio tuvo como meta identificar los principales riesgos de este tipo en empresas brasileñas. Realizamos un estudio de cohorte censal dinámica, con datos nacionales secundarios del Sistema Único de Beneficio (SUB), así como del Registro Nacional de Información Social (CNIS). El número de identificación del trabajador (NIT) permitió vincular la ocurrencia de condiciones incapacitantes (Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades, 10ª edición - CIE-10) con las actividades económicas (Clasificación Nacional de Actividades Económicas - CNAE). El NTEP fue establecido con los mayores riesgos entre las siete clases CNAE más pobladas y siete grupos mayores CIE-10 entre los beneficios de seguridad social de 2000 a 2016. Brasil tuvo durante este período una población de empleados asegurados de 30.815.310,06 vínculos-medios al año con 512.967.233,15 vínculos-días. Las CNAE más pobladas fueron: "comercio minorista - hipermercados", "transporte por carretera colectivo de pasajeros", "bancos múltiples, con cartera comercial", "matadero de porcino y aves", "selección y contratación de mano de obra", "recogida de residuos no-peligrosos" y "fabricación de automóviles, camionetas y utilitarios". Las condiciones incapacitantes más prevalentes fueron: dorsopatías, traumatismos del puño y de la mano, traumatismos de la rodilla y de la pierna, trastornos de los tejidos blandos, trastornos del humor, artropatías y trastornos neuróticos. Entre las 49 combinaciones de CIE-10 y CNAE se estableció el NTEP para 27 (55,1%). El estudio ratifica la precisión y consistencia del NTEP para identificar riesgos y fracciones etiológicas.


Assuntos
Humanos , Previdência Social , Pessoas com Deficiência , Brasil , Estudos de Coortes , Licença Médica
9.
Artigo em Português, Inglês | ARCA | ID: arc-43739

RESUMO

Editorial do volume 44 da Saúde em Debate, edição especial sobre a pandemia do Coronavírus de 2020 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 ­ Sars-Cov-2), em que doença em decorrência desse vírus foi chamada de Covid-19.

10.
Cad Saude Publica ; 31(9): 1856-70, 2015 Sep.
Artigo em Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26578011

RESUMO

The objectives of this study were to describe the work done by Brazilian children and adolescents and compare the socioeconomic and health profile of those that worked (or were looking for work) versus non-working youngsters. Based on the 2008 Brazilian National Sample Household Survey (PNAD/2008), we selected children and adolescents 5 to 17 years of age, divided into two analytical categories: "workers" (working or looking for employment) and "non-workers". We calculated prevalence rates for the characteristics of their main work, as well as socioeconomic and health variables comparing the two categories. Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios, adjusted by health characteristics, with "non-workers" as the reference category. Compared to "non-workers", the "workers" category was associated with a higher proportion of boys; age 14 to 17 years; black or brown skin color; lower school attendance; and worse housing conditions. Child labor was associated with worse self-rated health; chronic backache; arthritis or rheumatism; and depression. Effective policies to support families need to be strengthened to effectively fight child labor.


Assuntos
Emprego/estatística & dados numéricos , Nível de Saúde , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adolescente , Brasil , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
11.
Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) ; 17(3): 429-442, 2015 May.
Artigo em Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28453096

RESUMO

Objective To assess scales of adherence to universal precautions and means of knowledge transmission among healthcare students in Brazil and Colombia. Methods We conducted a pilot study to validate the questionnaire that started a cohort study. Twenty-six students in Colombia and 25 in Brazil were intentionally selected. The participants were comparable in number and sociodemographic characteristics in both countries and studied the health professions (medicine, nursing and dentistry). The program SPSS version 18.0 was used to create the database and to carry out statistical analysis. Results We evaluated a total of 51 students. They had a a mean (SD) age of 21.78 (2.33), 84.3 % were women, 66.7 % had white skin, 47.1 % were medical students, and 70,6 % were in their 4th year. They answered about sexual habits reporting that 45.1 had only one partner% in the last year, 23.5 % did not use protection, and, of those who were protected, 45.1 % used a condom. The mean knowledge was 10.88 (±0.952) points to an expected 9 points; Cronbach's Alpha (α) was 0.823. The mean adherence to universal precautions (UPs) was 33.69 (±3.36) points to an expected 30.75; α was 0.741. We found a significant difference in knowledge levels (p<0.007) between the two countries and in the adherence to PUs by year of study (p<0.001). Conclusions Knowledge about means of transmission was good. Adherence to universal precautions was acceptable, but low in terms of the use of glasses, face masks, and discarding sharp objects. Dentistry students showed the best adherence.

12.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 25(2): 715-727, Feb. 2020. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055837

RESUMO

Resumo Fizemos estudo transversal para iniciar coorte em dois Hospitais Universitários de dois países - Brasil e Colômbia - para avaliar a prevalência de acidentes com material biológico (AT-MB), o nível de adesão às Precauções Padrão (PP) e o conhecimento sobre patógenos transmissíveis pelo sangue e fatores associados entre trabalhadores e estudantes da saúde, no marco da implementação da norma NR-32. Criamos escalas para estimar conhecimento e adesão baseadas em 12 e 11 perguntas respectivamente. Utilizamos Regressão de Poisson-Tweedie para avaliar a associação do conhecimento e da adesão às PP com sofrer AT-MB. Avaliamos 965 indivíduos (348 estudantes e 617 profissionais). O conhecimento teve média de 10,98 com mediana de 11 (10, 12) e α-Cr de 0,625. A média de adesão foi de 30,74 com mediana de 31 (28, 34) e α-Cr de 0,745, associando-se a País, grupo (estudantes) e percepção de risco. Entre os fatores associadas ao relato de AT-MB encontraram-se o conhecimento, a adesão às PP, País de origem e ter tomado o esquema completo de vacinação contra Hepatites B. Concluímos que o nível de conhecimento e adesão foram adequados, ainda melhores entre os participantes do Brasil e associaram-se ao relato AT-MB.


Abstract This was a cross-sectional study to start a cohort in two University Hospitals of two countries - Brazil and Colombia - for assessing the prevalence of needlestick and sharps injuries (NSI), the level of compliance with standard precautions (SPs), and knowledge on blood borne pathogens and associated factors among health students and professionals, within the framework of the implementation of the NR-32 standard. We created compliance scales based on 12 and 10 questions, for assessing knowledge. We used the Multinomial Poisson-Tweedie Regression to evaluate the relationship between knowledge and compliance with SPs within NSI. We evaluated 965 individuals (348 students and 614 professionals). The mean score points for level of knowledge was 10.98, with a median of 11 (10; 12) and α-Cr of 0,625. Compliance with SP had a mean of 30.74 and median of 31 (28; 34), with a α-Cr coefficient of 0.745, associated with country, group (student) and risk perception. Among the factors associated with the report of NSI, we singled out knowledge and compliance, country of origin, and full vaccination scheme against the Hepatitis B virus. We concluded that the level of knowledge and compliance were adequate among participants, but better among Brazilian participants, and it was associated with NSI reporting.


Resumen Hicimos estudio transversal como punto de partida de estudio de cohorte en dos Hospitales Universitarios en dos países - Brasil y Colombia - para evaluar la prevalencia de accidentes con material biológico (AT-MB), el nivel de adhesión a las Precauciones Estándares (PUs) y el conocimiento sobre patógenos transmisibles y factores asociados entre trabajadores y estudiantes de la Salud en el marco de la implementación de la norma NR-32. Creamos escalas para evaluar el conocimiento y la adhesión con base en 12 e 11 preguntas respectivamente. Utilizamos Regresión de Poisson-Tweedie para evaluar asociación entre el conocimiento y la adhesión a las PUs con sufrir AT-MB. Evaluamos 965 individuos (348 estudiantes e 617 profesionales). El puntaje medio de conocimiento fue 10,98 con mediana de 11 (10, 12) y α-Cr de 0,625. La media de adhesión fue de 30,74 con mediana de 31 (28, 34) e α-Cr de 0,745, asociándose a país, grupo (estudiantes) e percepción de riesgo. Entre los factores asociados al relato de AT-MB encontramos conocimiento, adhesión a las PUs, país de origen y tener el esquema completo de vacunación contra Virus da Hepatitis B. Concluimos que el nivel de conocimiento y adhesión fueron adecuados, aunque mejores entre los participantes del Brasil y se asociaron a los AT-MB.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Ferimentos Penetrantes Produzidos por Agulha/prevenção & controle , Pessoal de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle , Estudantes de Ciências da Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Estudos de Coortes , Colômbia , Patógenos Transmitidos pelo Sangue , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Hospitais Universitários , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
13.
Rev Saude Publica ; 38(2): 277-83, 2004 Apr.
Artigo em Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15122385

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of the heavy use of drugs among elementary and high school students in a sample of public and private schools, and to identify associated demographic, psychological, cultural and social factors. METHODS: This report describes a cross-sectional study using an intention-type sampling technique that compared public schools in central and peripheral areas and private schools. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was applied. The sample consisted of 2,287 elementary and high school students in the city of Campinas in 1998. Heavy use of drugs was defined as the use of drugs on 20 or more days during the 30 days preceding the survey (WHO, 1981). For the statistical analysis, polytomic logistic regression analysis (logit model) was utilized to identify factors that influenced this manner of using drugs. RESULTS: Heavy use of legal and illegal drugs was found as follows: alcohol (11.9%), tobacco (11.7%), marijuana (4.4%), solvents (1.8%), cocaine (1.4%), medications (1.1%) and ecstasy (0.7%). The heavy use of drugs was greatest among students at the city-center public school who had daytime jobs and studied in the evenings. These students were in the A and B socioeconomic classes and had had little religious education during childhood. CONCLUSIONS: Greater availability of cash and specific socialization patterns were identified as factors associated with the heavy use of drugs among students.


Assuntos
Psicotrópicos/efeitos adversos , Estudantes , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/etiologia
14.
Rev Saude Publica ; 36(6): 693-701, 2002 Dec.
Artigo em Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12488935

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of occupational noise-induced hearing loss and arterial hypertension among city bus drivers. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on a probability random sample of 108 city bus drivers taken out of a total of 1,529 estimated professionals in the city of Campinas, Brazil, in 1991. Drivers were interviewed using questionnaires on job history, shift work and vacation schedules and underwent clinical and laboratory examinations including measures of blood pressure, pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and anthropometric data analysis after an informed consent was obtained. RESULTS: The prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss was 32.7%. According to Merluzzi's classification, 91.2% (31 cases) were classified as first and second-degree losses and the most affected frequencies were 6 kHz in 61.3%, and 4 kHz in 38.7%. There were no differences in the laterality of the first affected ear. The prevalence of arterial hypertension was 13.2% (PAD > or =90 mmHg; PAS > or =140 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of noise-induced hearing loss was greater for drivers in job for more than 6 years, after controlling for age-related hearing loss. An odds ratio of 19.25 was found for those aged 45 or more (1.59

Assuntos
Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Ruído Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Meios de Transporte , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/diagnóstico , Humanos , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Profissionais/diagnóstico , Razão de Chances , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fumar , Fatores de Tempo , População Urbana
15.
Braz J Psychiatry ; 26(2): 82-90, 2004 Jun.
Artigo em Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15517058

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Many international studies show that religion is an important dimension modulating the use of alcohol and drugs by adolescents. OBJECTIVES: to determine which religious variables are associated to frequent or heavy use of alcohol, tobacco and drugs among adolescents in intermediate and high schools in Campinas, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using a self-report anonymous questionnaire was administered to 2,287 students from a convenience sample of seven schools: five from central areas (two public and three private schools) and two public schools from the outskirts of the city, in 1998. The study analyzes data regarding the use of alcohol, tobacco, medicines, solvents, marijuana, cocaine and ecstasy. The religious variables included in the regression analysis were: religious affiliation, church attendance, self-assessed religiousness, and religious education in childhood. For the substances, nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, ecstasy and "abuse of medicines" a logistic regression analysis for dicotomic answer was applied. RESULTS: The heavy use of at least one drug during the last month was more frequent among students that did not have a religious education during childhood. The use in the last month of cocaine, ecstasy and (abuse of) medicines was more frequent among those students that had no religion (cocaine and medicines) and that did not have a religious education during childhood (ecstasy and medicines). CONCLUSIONS: this study is consistent with previous investigations demonstrating a strong influence of religious variables over the use of drugs among adolescents. Interesting, it was found that no or weaker religious education during childhood was markedly associated with significant more use of drugs during adolescence.


Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Religião , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Psicotrópicos
16.
Braz J Psychiatry ; 26(3): 174-9, 2004 Sep.
Artigo em Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15645063

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: It is important to identify factors related to heavy alcohol use among adolescents, as this allows interventions aimed at reducing risk behavior and possible increasing harmful use of alcohol. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of heavy alcohol use and investigate the influence of sociodemographic, cultural and psychopathological variables on alcohol use among elementary and high-school students of public and private schools in Campinas, Brazil. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study using an intentional sampling technique. The questionnaire used was based on the CEBRID (Brazilian Information Center on Psychotropic Drugs) questionnaire and filled out anonymously by the subjects. The sample consisted of 2,287 elementary and high-school students from public and private schools in Campinas, Brazil, during the year of 1998. According World Health Organization criteria (WHO, 1981), alcohol use for 20 days or more in the 30 days prior to the study was considered heavy alcohol use. The "Polytomic Logistic Regression--Generalized Logits Model" was applied to identify the factors that influenced heavy alcohol use. RESULTS: Heavy alcohol use was seen in 11.9% of the sample, being more frequent among students at the inner-city public school belonging to socioeconomic classes A and B, who held down jobs and attended school in the afternoons. These students felt that their families did not understand or support them and also showed lower academic performance at school. CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicates that factors such as availability of funds, work, delayed schooling performance and unfavorable personal and family situations were related to heavy alcohol use among adolescents.


Assuntos
Alcoolismo/epidemiologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Prevalência , Setor Privado , Setor Público , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários
17.
Rev Lat Am Enfermagem ; 11(5): 608-13, 2003.
Artigo em Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14978564

RESUMO

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate musculoskeletal symptoms among female members of the nursing personnel. The sample consisted of 105 female nursing aides and technicians who were working at a university hospital with highly dependent patients. The questionnaire was composed of items on demographic and job-factor information and the symptom section was a modification of the "Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire". In this study, 93% of the health workers reported at least one musculoskeletal symptom in the previous 12 months. The highest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was in the following anatomical areas: low back (59%), shoulders (40%), knees (33.3%) and neck (28.6%). As a result of musculoskeletal pain, 29.5% of the respondents reported missing work and 47.6% reported having had an appointment to see a physician in the previous 12 months. Limited experience on the job and in the present unit were also observed among those who had more frequent complaints of pain in the knees (p=0.0272) and low back pain (p=0.0332), respectively. However, hand/wrist pain occurred more often among the participants with the higher numbers of weekly worked hours (OR=3.72:1.26

Assuntos
Doenças Musculoesqueléticas/epidemiologia , Enfermagem , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
18.
Cad Saude Publica ; 30(8): 1765-76, 2014 Aug.
Artigo em Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25210915

RESUMO

This study focused on the method known as "lean production" as a work-related psychosocial risk factor in a Brazilian multinational auto parts company after its merger with other multinational companies. The authors conducted a qualitative analysis of two time points: the first using on-site observation and key interviews with managers and workers during implementation of lean production in 1996; the second, 16 years later, comparing data from a document search in labor inspection records from the Ministry of Labor and Employment and legal proceedings initiated by the Office of the Public Prosecutor for Labor Affairs. The merger led to layoffs, replacements, and an increase in the workday. A class action suit was filed on grounds of aggravated working conditions. The new production model led to psychosocial risks that increased the need for workers' health precautions when changes in the production process introduced new and increased risks of physical and mental illnesses.


Assuntos
Metalurgia/organização & administração , Saúde Ocupacional , Carga de Trabalho/psicologia , Local de Trabalho/psicologia , Brasil , Humanos , Inovação Organizacional , Fatores de Risco
19.
Trab. educ. saúde ; 17(2): e0017928, 2019. graf
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-986165

RESUMO

Resumo Considerando a dispersão de sentidos que constitui a nomeação da área 'Saúde do Trabalhador', buscou-se compreender o que está em jogo nas constantes mudanças da nomenclatura nesse campo. Essas alterações ocorrem em uma linha do tempo, mas concomitantemente. Seu marco inaugural foi encontrado na estabilidade do nome 'medicina do trabalho', nome institucionalizado pela Organização Internacional do Trabalho, no início da segunda metade do século XX. Desse primeiro gesto de nomeação, seguem outros, estabelecidos em relações tensas e contraditórias de substituição, recobrimento e concorrência como: saúde ocupacional, saúde e segurança no trabalho, e, mais contemporaneamente, em meio a estas variações, encontrou-se o acréscimo do termo 'Saúde do Trabalhador'. O penúltimo nome é o mais estável e acionado pelas instâncias internacionais e empresariais.


Abstract Based on the dispersal of meanings that constitutes the naming of the 'Health of the Worker' field, we sought to comprehend what is at stake in the constant changes in nomenclature in this field. These changes occur within a timeline, but they happen concomitantly. Its inaugural landmark was found in the stability of the name 'occupational medicine,' a name institutionalized by the International Labour Organization in the beginning of the second half of the 20th century. This first gesture of naming was followed by other gestures, established in tense and contradictory relationships of replacement, recovering and concurrence, such as: occupational health, health and safety at work, and, more recently, among these variations, we found the addition of the term 'Health of the Worker.' The second-to-last name is the most stable one, and it is used by international and entrepreneurial organizations.


Resumen Partiendo de la dispersión de sentidos que constituye la designación del área 'Salud del Trabajador', se buscó comprender lo que está en juego en los constantes cambios de la nomenclatura en este campo. Estos cambios se producen en una línea de tiempo, pero de forma concomitante. Su marco inaugural se encuentra en la estabilidad del nombre 'medicina del trabajo', institucionalizado por la Organización Internacional del Trabajo a comienzos de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. A este primer gesto de designación le siguen otros, establecidos en relaciones tensas y contradictorias de sustitución, enmascaramiento y competencia, tales como: salud ocupacional, salud y seguridad en el trabajo, y más recientemente, en medio de estas variaciones, se encontró el agregado del término 'Salud del Trabajador'. El penúltimo nombre es el más estable y utilizado por las instancias internacionales y empresariales.


Assuntos
Humanos , Trabalho , Saúde Pública , Saúde Ocupacional , Agências Internacionais
20.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 71(supl.5): 2295-2301, 2018. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, BDENF - enfermagem (Brasil) | ID: biblio-977650

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze how family health nurses assess quality of care; check if they have any intention of leaving their current job and nursing; estimate prevalence of professional exhaustion; and correlate these variables. Method: cross-sectional and correlational study with 198 nurses. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was applied, as it has questions for characterizing nurses, assessing perception on quality of care and of material and human resources, and verifying intention of leaving current work and nursing. Results: most nurses assess quality of care as good, 28.0% present emotional exhaustion, there is intention of leaving current work and nursing. Conclusions: family health nurses experience professional exhaustion, which in turn presents correlation with decreased quality of care and increased intentions of leaving current work and nursing.


RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar como enfermeros de salud de la familia evalúan la calidad del cuidado; verificar si tienen intención de dejar el trabajo actual y la enfermería; estimar la prevalencia de agotamiento profesional y correlacionar variables. Método: estudio transversal y correlacional con 198 enfermeros. Se utilizó el Maslach Burnout Inventory, cuestiones para caracterizar a los enfermeros, para evaluar percepción sobre la calidad del cuidado y de recursos materiales y humanos, así como para verificar intenciones de dejar el trabajo actual y la enfermería. Resultados: la mayoría de los enfermeros evalúa la calidad del cuidado como buena, el 28,0% presenta agotamiento emocional, con intención de dejar el trabajo actual y la enfermería. Conclusión: enfermeros de salud de la familia experimentan agotamiento profesional que presenta correlación con disminución de la calidad del cuidado y con aumento de las intenciones de dejar el trabajo actual y la enfermería.


RESUMO Objetivo: analisar como enfermeiros de saúde da família avaliam qualidade do cuidado; verificar se têm intenção de deixar o trabalho atual e a enfermagem; estimar prevalência de esgotamento profissional e correlacionar variáveis. Método: estudo transversal e correlacional com 198 enfermeiros. Foi utilizado o Maslach Burnout Inventory, questões para caracterizar os enfermeiros, para avaliar percepção sobre a qualidade do cuidado e de recursos materiais e humanos e para verificar intenções de deixar o trabalho atual e a enfermagem. Resultados: a maioria dos enfermeiros avalia a qualidade do cuidado como boa, 28,0% apresenta exaustão emocional, há intenção de deixar o trabalho atual e a enfermagem. Conclusão: enfermeiros de saúde da família vivenciam esgotamento profissional que apresenta correlação com diminuição da qualidade do cuidado e com aumento das intenções de deixar o trabalho atual e a enfermagem.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Esgotamento Profissional/etiologia , Intenção , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/psicologia , Enfermagem Primária/métodos , Esgotamento Profissional/psicologia , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Saúde da Família , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Enfermagem de Atenção Primária/normas , Satisfação no Emprego
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