Association between pelvic floor muscle function and stress urinary incontinence in the third gestational trimester: A cross-sectional observational study.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the association between pelvic floor muscle function and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women in the third trimester of pregnancy. METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study. Urinary symptoms were collected through a questionnaire. The physical examination of the pelvic floor muscle was performed by vaginal palpation and manometry. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the factors associated with SUI. RESULTS: Analysis of the data collected from nulliparous and multiparous women identified an association between decreased pelvic floor muscle function (i.e. Power, Repetition, and Maximal Voluntary Contraction (MVC)) and the presence of SUI. There were also associations noted between power and SUI [AOR (95% CI) = 1.41 (1.01-1.97)], repetition and SUI [AOR (95% CI) = 1.31 (1.06-1.63)], and MVC and SUI [AOR (95% CI) = 1.02 (1.00-1.03)]. In the analysis of nulliparous women, there was also an association between low resting vaginal pressure (manometry) and SUI [AOR (95% CI) = 1.03 (1.01-1.06)]. CONCLUSIONS: Low pelvic floor muscle strength, low MVC, and decreased ability to repeat sustained pelvic floor muscle contractions were associated with SUI in the third gestational trimester. In nulliparous women, there was an association between low resting vaginal pressure and SUI; however, none these associations were identified in multiparous women.

Cardiovascular autonomic modulation and baroreflex control in the second trimester of pregnancy: A cross sectional study.

PURPOSE: The aim is to evaluate and characterize cardiovascular autonomic control and baroreflex function and their response to an orthostatic stressor in the second trimester of pregnancy via time, frequency, information and symbolic analyses. METHODS: We evaluated 22 women at 18 weeks of pregnancy, labeled as pregnant group (PG) (30.8±4.4 years), and 22 non-pregnant women (29.8±5.4 years), labeled as control group (CG). Electrocardiogram, non-invasive photoplethysmographic arterial pressure (AP) and respiratory signals were recorded at rest at left lateral decubitus (REST) and during active standing (STAND) for 10 minutes. The heart period (HP) variability and systolic AP (SAP) variability were assessed in the frequency domain. High frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF) spectral indexes were computed. Nonlinear indexes such as symbolic markers (0V%, 1V%, 2LV% and 2UV% indexes), Shannon entropy (SE) and normalized complexity index (NCI) were calculated as well. Baroreflex control was assessed by cross-spectral HP-SAP analysis. We computed baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), HP-SAP squared coherence (K2) and phase in LF and HF bands. RESULTS: At REST, the PG had lower mean, variance and HF power of HP series and lower K2(LF), BRS(LF) and BRS(HF) than the CG. During STAND, CG and PG decreased the mean, CI, NCI and 2UV% and increased 0V% of the HP series and augmented the SAP variance. LFabs of SAP series increased during STAND solely in CG. BRS(HF) was reduced during in both PG and CG, while HFabs of HP series did not diminish during STAND either in PG or CG. Complexity of the autonomic control was similar in PG and CG regardless of the experimental condition. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the second trimester of pregnancy was characterized by a lower parasympathetic modulation and reduced BRS at REST, preserved complexity of cardiac and vascular controls, limited sympathetic response to STAND and general conservation of the baroreflex responses to posture changes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Begistro Brasileiro de Ensaios clínicos, Number: RBR-9s8t88.

DNA damage in Wistar Kyoto rats exercised during pregnancy.

PURPOSE:: To evaluate DNA damage levels in pregnant rats undergoing a treadmill exercise program. METHODS:: Wistar Kyoto rats were allocated into two groups (n= 5 animals/group): non-exercise and exercise. The pregnant rats were underwent an exercise protocol on a treadmill throughout pregnancy. Exercise intensity was set at 50% of maximal capacity during maximal exercise testing performed before mating. Body weight, blood pressure and glucose levels, and triglyceride concentration were measured during pregnancy. At day 10 post-natal, the animals were euthanized and maternal blood samples were collected for DNA damage. RESULTS:: Blood pressure and glucose levels and biochemical measurements showed no significant differences. Increased DNA damage levels were found in exercise group compared to those of non-exercise group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION:: The exercise intensity protocol used in the study might have been exhaustive leading to maternal increased DNA damage levels, demonstrating the relevance of an adequate protocol of physical exercise.

DNA damage in Wistar Kyoto rats exercised during pregnancy

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate DNA damage levels in pregnant rats undergoing a treadmill exercise program. Methods: Wistar Kyoto rats were allocated into two groups (n= 5 animals/group): non-exercise and exercise. The pregnant rats were underwent an exercise protocol on a treadmill throughout pregnancy. Exercise intensity was set at 50% of maximal capacity during maximal exercise testing performed before mating. Body weight, blood pressure and glucose levels, and triglyceride concentration were measured during pregnancy. At day 10 post-natal, the animals were euthanized and maternal blood samples were collected for DNA damage. Results: Blood pressure and glucose levels and biochemical measurements showed no significant differences. Increased DNA damage levels were found in exercise group compared to those of non-exercise group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The exercise intensity protocol used in the study might have been exhaustive leading to maternal increased DNA damage levels, demonstrating the relevance of an adequate protocol of physical exercise.

DNA damage in Wistar Kyoto rats exercised during pregnancy

Purpose: To evaluate DNA damage levels in pregnant rats undergoing a treadmill exercise program. Methods: Wistar Kyoto rats were allocated into two groups (n= 5 animals/group): non-exercise and exercise. The pregnant rats were underwent an exercise protocol on a treadmill throughout pregnancy. Exercise intensity was set at 50% of maximal capacity during maximal exercise testing performed before mating. Body weight, blood pressure and glucose levels, and triglyceride concentration were measured during pregnancy. At day 10 post-natal, the animals were euthanized and maternal blood samples were collected for DNA damage. Results: Blood pressure and glucose levels and biochemical measurements showed no significant differences. Increased DNA damage levels were found in exercise group compared to those of non-exercise group (p 0.05). Conclusion: The exercise intensity protocol used in the study might have been exhaustive leading to maternal increased DNA damage levels, demonstrating the relevance of an adequate protocol of physical exercise.(AU)

Efeito do exercício físico sobre a prenhez de ratas com hipertensão arterial crônica / Effect of physical exercise on the pregnancy in rats with hypertension

Objetivo: Avaliar o crescimento neonatal dos descendentes de ratas espontaneamente hipertensas (SHR) submetidas a exercício em esteira motorizada. Metodologia: Ratas SHR e Wystar Kyoto (WKY) foram distribuídas em: sedentárias (SHR e WKY), exercitadas durante a prenhez (SHR EXP e WKY EXP) e exercitadas previamente - antes e durante a prenhez (SHR EXPP e WKY EXPP). Durante a prenhez, pesos corpóreos, glicemia e nível de lactato e triglicérides e pressão arterial foram determinados. No 10º dia de vida pós-natal, peso, glicemia e comprimento corporal e cranial dos filhotes e triglicéride hepático foram analisados. Resultados: Não houve diferença no peso e lactato durante a prenhez e no número de filhotes entre os grupos. O grupo WKE EXPP apresentou maior pressão arterial comparado aos grupos WKY EXP E WKY. SHR EXPP e WKY EXPP apresentaram maior nível de triglicéride que os grupos exercitados na prenhez e sedentários. SHR EXPP apresentou menor glicemia que os SHR EXP e SHR. Não houve diferença nos parâmetros dos filhotes, mas o comprimento corpóreo foi maior nos grupos WKY EXPP e SHR EXPP. Conclusão: O exercício prévio foi exaustivo para a linhagem WKY. O exercício durante a prenhez não foi prejudicial para as ratas SHR e beneficiou o comprimento corpóreo dos filhotes...

Purpose: To evaluate the neonatal growth of the offspring of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) subjected to treadmill exercise. Methods: SHR and Wystar Kyoto (WKY) rats were distributed into: sedentary group (SHR and WKY), exercised during pregnancy (SHR EXP and WKY EXP) and exercised previously and during pregnancy (SHR EXPP and WKY EXPP). During pregnancy, body weight, blood glucose, lactate and triglycerides levels and blood pressure were determined. At 10th day of life, body weight, blood glucose, and body and cranial length and hepatic triglycerides were analyzed. Results: There was no difference in body weight and lactate level during pregnancy, and number of pups among groups. The WKY EXPP group presented higher blood pressure than WKY and WKY EXP groups. SHR EXPP and WKY EXPP showed higher triglyceride level compared to groups trained in pregnancy and sedentary. SHR EXPP showed lower blood glucose than SHR and SHR EXP. There was no difference in the parameters of the newborns. In addition, body length was higher in WKY EXPP and SHR EXPP groups. Conclusion: The previous exercise was exhausting for the WKY strain. Exercise during pregnancy is not harmful to SHR rats and benefited the body length of offspring...

Efeito do exercício físico sobre a prenhez de ratas com hipertensão arterial crônica / Effect of physical exercise on the pregnancy in rats with hypertension

Objetivo: Avaliar o crescimento neonatal dos descendentes de ratas espontaneamente hipertensas (SHR) submetidas a exercício em esteira motorizada. Metodologia: Ratas SHR e Wystar Kyoto (WKY) foram distribuídas em: sedentárias (SHR e WKY), exercitadas durante a prenhez (SHR EXP e WKY EXP) e exercitadas previamente - antes e durante a prenhez (SHR EXPP e WKY EXPP). Durante a prenhez, pesos corpóreos, glicemia e nível de lactato e triglicérides e pressão arterial foram determinados. No 10º dia de vida pós-natal, peso, glicemia e comprimento corporal e cranial dos filhotes e triglicéride hepático foram analisados. Resultados: Não houve diferença no peso e lactato durante a prenhez e no número de filhotes entre os grupos. O grupo WKE EXPP apresentou maior pressão arterial comparado aos grupos WKY EXP E WKY. SHR EXPP e WKY EXPP apresentaram maior nível de triglicéride que os grupos exercitados na prenhez e sedentários. SHR EXPP apresentou menor glicemia que os SHR EXP e SHR. Não houve diferença nos parâmetros dos filhotes, mas o comprimento corpóreo foi maior nos grupos WKY EXPP e SHR EXPP. Conclusão: O exercício prévio foi exaustivo para a linhagem WKY. O exercício durante a prenhez não foi prejudicial para as ratas SHR e beneficiou o comprimento corpóreo dos filhotes...