Pharmacological Effects of Caffeic Acid and Its Derivatives in Cancer: New Targeted Compounds for the Mitochondria.

Cancer is a complex pathology of great heterogeneity and difficulty that makes the constant search for new therapies necessary. A major advance on the subject has been made by focusing on the development of new drugs aimed to alter the metabolism of cancer cells, by generating a disruption of mitochondrial function. For this purpose, several new compounds with specific mitochondrial action have been tested, leading successfully to cell death. Recently, attention has centered on a group of natural compounds present in plants named polyphenols, among which is caffeic acid, a polyphenol that has proven to be a powerful antitumoral agent and a prominent compound for studies focused on the development of new therapies against cancer.In this review, we revised the antitumoral capacity and mechanisms of action of caffeic acid and its derivatives, with special emphasis in a new class of caffeic acid derivatives that target mitochondria by chemical binding to the lipophilic cation triphenylphosphonium.

Investigating tolerance of uncertainty, COVID-19 concern, and compliance with recommended behavior in four countries: The moderating role of mindfulness, trust in scientists, and power distance.

Consumers' compliance with recommended behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic helps contain the spread of the virus and positively impacts marketplace outcomes. This study investigates the effect of consumers' tolerance of uncertainty on COVID-19 concern, compliance with recommended behavior, and panic buying intentions, across four countries (Germany and USA with a low power distance index; India and The Philippines with a high power distance index; N = 1272). We test the moderating role of power distance, mindfulness, and trust in scientists, among these relationships. Our results show that tolerance of uncertainty is negatively associated with COVID-19 concern, and COVID-19 concern is positively associated with compliance and panic buying intentions. In high power distance countries, tolerance of uncertainty is negatively associated with compliance. The negative association of tolerance of uncertainty with COVID-19 concern is more pronounced at low levels of mindfulness, and consumers with high COVID-19 concern and high trust in scientists demonstrated the highest compliance. Our findings reveal that stressing the importance of mindfulness, though positive overall, might not yield more compliance. Interventions to make consumers more concerned about the consequences of the pandemic and, at the same time, enhancing their trust in scientists, can lead to higher levels of compliance.

Demotivating outcome of asymmetrical Nucleus Accumbens disconnection for cocaine related disorder: a translational point of view. / Desmotivadora evolución de la desconexión asimétrica del Núcleo Accumbens en el trastorno por consumo de cocaína: un punto de vista traslacional.

Letter to the editor.

Carta al editor.

Orally ingestion of krokodil in Spain: report of a case. / Consumo de krokodil por vía oral en España: a propósito de un caso.

The krokodil use disorder is an addictive pathology with quite severe organic effects, especially at the skin level, that causes severe and degenerative necrosis of blood and muscle tissue. Though this disorder has a low prevalence in Spain, compared to the large number of consumers in other countries such as Ukraine or Russia, its consumption is slowly but gradually expanding in countries of the European Union and America. The simplicity of the process of obtaining the substance from desomorphine, together with its high availability and low cost, contribute toward consumers' self-sufficiency. This article presents the case of a user of krokodil and reviews the clinical symptoms of oral ingestion.

El trastorno por uso de krokodil es una de las patologías adictivas con mayores repercusiones orgánicas, principalmente a nivel cutáneo, produciendo una grave y degenerativa necrosis del tejido sanguíneo y muscular. Se trata de un trastorno con escasa prevalencia en España, frente al elevado número de consumidores en otros países como Ucrania o Rusia, si bien se está produciendo una lenta aunque gradual expansión del consumo en países de la Unión Europea y del continente americano. El sencillo proceso de obtención de la sustancia desde la desomorfina, unido a la elevada disponibilidad y bajo coste, configura el proceso de autoabastecimiento de los consumidores. En este artículo revisamos un cuadro clínico, presentando el caso de un paciente que consume krokodil por vía oral.

A systematic literature review of the stereotype content model in the fields of psychology and marketing: main themes examined in the literature and an agenda for future research in marketing.

The stereotypes content model indicates that two traits (i.e., warmth and competence) govern individuals' impression formation. The great variety of research that has used this theory since the early 2000s leads to a need for a structured overview of prior findings. The goal of this study is to provide a concise map of research streams and present a research agenda. We conducted a systematic literature review of 955 articles. A bibliographic coupling analysis showed four clusters, i.e., (1) the general theoretical foundations of the SCM, (2) the societal impact of key stereotypes (with emphasis on gender), (3) research in clinical psychology and child development, and (4) marketing. Taking a closer look at research in marketing (using co-occurrence analysis), six research streams were identified, including research on branding, country-of-origin, front-line service providers, prosocial consumer behavior, perception of endorsers, and, more recently, on artificial intelligence (AI). The review presents key findings and research gaps across these topics. Finally, we reviewed the few articles that, although not falling into these streams, opened important research veins. This process provided the essential information to present a promising and complete research agenda, to continue building knowledge with impactful implications in different contexts.

The Influence of Materialism on Purebred Dogs' Welfare Among Two Different Generations in Colombia (South America).

Some consumers in Colombia show a clear preference for purebred dogs. At the same time, there are many abandoned dogs on the streets and in shelters in this country. Previous research has revealed that appearances of the breeds influence the caregivers' (owners') choice. A choice based on appearances has been connected with materialism in the psychology and consumer behavior literature. Buying purebred dogs based on materialistic standards could affect the welfare of these nonhuman animals. With the use of quantitative research and the methodology of structural equation modeling, this research demonstrated that more materialistic consumers in Colombia have purebred dogs who, in the owners' opinions, show more behavioral problems. Furthermore, the results showed that materialism influenced the owners' intentions to abandon their companion animals when they perceived these problems. Finally, this research examined the moderating effect of generational segmentation regarding these relationships. It was observed that the intention to abandon the dogs was greater among members of Generation X than among members of Generation Y.

The influence of social value and self-congruity on interpersonal connections in virtual social networks by Gen-Y tourists.

This research focuses on the relationship of self-congruity and perceived social value with the interpersonal connections established by Generation Y tourists in virtual social networks. A quantitative study was performed using a sample of young travelers from Spain. The methodologies of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Models (SEM) were used to analyze the results. The findings of the research show that self-congruity influences the perceived social value; the perceived social value leads to satisfaction and the creation of interpersonal connections in virtual social networks; and the interpersonal connections in virtual social networks influence the use of these tools by Generation Y travelers.

Desmotivadora evolución de la desconexión asimétrica del Núcleo Accumbens en el trastorno por consumo de cocaína: un punto de vista traslacional / Demotivating outcome of asymmetrical Nucleus Accumbens disconnection for cocaine related disorder: a translational point of view

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Consumo de krokodil por vía oral en España: a propósito de un caso / Orally ingestion of krokodil in Spain: report of a case

El trastorno por uso de krokodil es una de las patologías adictivas con mayores repercusiones orgánicas, principalmente a nivel cutáneo, produciendo una grave y degenerativa necrosis del tejido sanguíneo y muscular. Se trata de un trastorno con escasa prevalencia en España, frente al elevado número de consumidores en otros países como Ucrania o Rusia, si bien se está produciendo una lenta aunque gradual expansión del consumo en países de la Unión Europea y del continente americano. El sencillo proceso de obtención de la sustancia desde la desomorfina, unido a la elevada disponibilidad y bajo coste, configura el proceso de autoabastecimiento de los consumidores. En este artículo revisamos un cuadro clínico, presentando el caso de un paciente que consume krokodil por vía oral

The krokodil use disorder is an addictive pathology with quite severe organic effects, especially at the skin level, that causes severe and degenerative necrosis of blood and muscle tissue. Though this disorder has a low prevalence in Spain, compared to the large number of consumers in other countries such as Ukraine or Russia, its consumption is slowly but gradually expanding in countries of the European Union and America. The simplicity of the process of obtaining the substance from desomorphine, together with its high availability and low cost, contribute toward consumers’ self-sufficiency. This article presents the case of a user of krokodil and reviews the clinical symptoms of oral ingestion

Ansiedad, depresión y autoestima en población general, transeúntes y consumidores de sustancias adictivas / Anxiety, depression and self-esteem in homeless, general population, and substance users

Los trastornos por uso de sustancias coexisten en algunos pacientes con diferentes manifestaciones clínicas de ansiedad y del estado de ánimo, a su vez variables como la autoestima guardan una estrecha relación en el curso y evolución de éstos. En el presente estudio se investiga los trastornos por consumo de sustancias, el transeuntismo y los niveles de ansiedad, depresión y autoestima. La investigación se desarrolla en la ciudad de Castellón con un total de 258 sujetos, divididos en un grupo clínico subdividido en consumidores de cocaína, heroína, heroína combinada con cocaína, cannabis, alcohol y sujetos en programa de mantenimiento con metadona (PMM), un grupo de población general y otro grupo de transeúntes, evaluados mediante el cuestionario STAI, BDI, RSES y una entrevista que recoge aspectos biopsicosociales y clínicos. Los resultados mostraron una mayor gravedad clínica en depresión y ansiedad rasgo en consumidores de heroína inhalada, así como una mayor ansiedad estado y menor autoestima en el grupo de transeúntes. Se puede desprender de los resultados que el consumo de sustancias correlaciona con mayores niveles de ansiedad rasgo y depresión, así como la exclusión social con una menor percepción de autoestima y mayor ansiedad estado

Substance use disorders coexist in some patients with different clinical manifestations of anxiety and mood, in turn variables as self-esteem keep a narrow relation in the course and evolution of these. The present study investigates the relationship between the substance use disorders, the homelessness and the levels of anxiety, depression and self-esteem. Research is carried out in the city of Castellón, with a total of 258 subjects, divided into a clinical group subdivided into cocaine, heroin, heroin combined with cocaine, cannabis, alcohol users and patients in methadone maintenance program (MMP), an general population group and a group of homeless, evaluated through the questionnaire STAI, BDI, RSES and an interview that gathers biopsychosocial and clinical aspects. Results showed a more severe clinical depression and trait anxiety in consumers of inhaled heroin, as well as increased state anxiety and lower self-esteem in the group of homeless. It can be inferred from the results that the substance use correlates with higher levels of trait anxiety and depression and social exclusion with a lower perception of self-esteem and increased anxiety state

The importance of socio-legal interventions in the case management of a severe dual pathology program: our 6 years’ experience

Interest in studying dual diagnosis comorbidity between mental disorders and addictions is increasing, but so far has focused only on epidemiological, clinical and prognostic aspects (Szerman et al, 2013). However, the socio-legal needs of these patients must also be assessed, especially if we are to address the problem using a holistic case management approach, as in the case of other serious mental disorders such as schizophrenia (Nordén, Eriksson, Kjellgren & Norlander, 2012). The Severe Dual Pathology Program (SDPP) at the Provincial Hospital of Castellón Consortium (Spain) began in 2008 and so far has treated 293 patients. The intervention model is integrated, both medically and socially and is based on case management; the inclusion criteria is a score of under 30 on the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale at admission which must have improved to over 50 for the patient to be discharged. 81.2 % of the patients we have treated so far were male, and most referrals were made from the Emergency Mental Health Unit (32.4 %), followed by the Unit of Addictive Behavior (23.5 %), and the Mental Health Units (15 %). The most prevalent diagnosis at the time of starting the program was schizophrenia (46.8 %), followed by personality disorder (11.3 %), schizoaffective disorder (8.5 %), and bipolar disorder (7.5 %). The majority of patients were polydrug addicts (49.5 %) or addicted to alcohol (27.9 %)

[Intracranial calcifications on MRI]. / Calcificaciones intracraneales. Imagen por RM.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to show that the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings for intracranial calcifications previously demonstrated at computed tomography (CT) are variable and unspecific. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We present a study of 21 patients with calcified intracranial lesions of different etiologies detected at CT. We analyze the MRI signal characteristics in these lesions in T1- and T2-weighted sequences, taking the cerebral cortex as a reference. RESULTS: The MRI signal of the calcified intracranial lesion was variable. Nevertheless, the most frequent appearance on T1-weighted sequences was areas isointense with the cerebral cortex. The most frequent appearance on T2-weighted sequences was foci of hypointensity. CONCLUSIONS: Intracranial calcifications show variable MRI signal characteristics and have an unspecific appearance, making them difficult to characterize. MRI cannot reliably rule out or determine the presence of calcifications. CT study of intracranial lesions enables calcified lesions to be identified and characterized; therefore, CT is the technique of choice for the study of calcified lesions.

Calcificaciones intracraneales. Imagen por RM / Intracranial calcifications on MRI

Objetivo. El objetivo del estudio fue demostrar la variabilidad en la apariencia de las calcificaciones intracraneales y su inespecificidad en estudios de resonancia magnética (RM) demostradas previamente por tomografía computarizada (TC). Material y método. Presentamos un estudio de 21 pacientes con lesiones intracraneales calcificadas de diferente etiología objetivadas en TC y analizamos las características de señal en RM en el seno de dichas lesiones en secuencias potenciadas en T1 y T2, tomando como referencia la corteza cerebral. Resultados. La señal de las lesiones calcificadas intracraneales fue variable. Sin embargo, la apariencia más frecuente de las calcificaciones intracraneales en estudios de RM en secuencias potenciadas en T1 fue la de áreas isointensas con la corteza cerebral. En las secuencias potencias en T2 la presentación más común de las calcificaciones fue la de focos de hipointensidad. Conclusiones. Las calcificaciones intracraneales presentan características de señal variables en las imágenes de RM, siendo su aspecto inespecífico, lo que dificulta la caracterización de lesiones intracraneales. La RM no permite excluir o demostrar con seguridad la presencia de calcificaciones. La TC es la técnica de elección para el estudio de lesiones calcificadas, por tanto, el disponer de una TC craneal en el estudio de lesiones intracraneales permite su identificación y la caracterización de dichas lesiones

Objective. The aim of this study is to show that the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings for intracranial calcifications previously demonstrated at computed tomography (CT) are variable and unspecific. Material and method. We present a study of 21 patients with calcified intracranial lesions of different etiologies detected at CT. We analyze the MRI signal characteristics in these lesions in T1- and T2-weighted sequences, taking the cerebral cortex as a reference. Results. The MRI signal of the calcified intracranial lesion was variable. Nevertheless, the most frequent appearance on T1-weighted sequences was areas isointense with the cerebral cortex. The most frequent appearance on T2-weighted sequences was foci of hypointensity. Conclusions. Intracranial calcifications show variable MRI signal characteristics and have an unspecific appearance, making them difficult to characterize. MRI cannot reliably rule out or determine the presence of calcifications. CT study of intracranial lesions enables calcified lesions to be identified and characterized; therefore, CT is the technique of choice for the study of calcified lesions