Theoretical frameworks and instruments for evaluation of critical thinking in nursing and education. / Referenciais teóricos e instrumentos para avaliação do pensamento crítico na enfermagem e na educação.

OBJECTIVE: To identify theoretical frameworks and instruments for the evaluation of critical thinking to base studies in nursing and education. METHOD: Integrative review, with a selection of scientific articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish, in the LILACS, SCIELO, IBECS, MEDLINE/PubMed and SCOPUS databases, using the descriptors "thought", "teaching" and "nursing" in Portuguese and English. The search resulted in 3,147 articles, and 23 papers published between 2010 and 2015 were selected. RESULTS: Fourteen (60.2%) studies used the Facione framework and eight (34.4%) resorted to different critical thinking assessment tools applied in nursing and education. CONCLUSIONS: Most studies used the Facione framework. Among the evaluation tools, the California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST) and the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal stood out as the most common instruments; both focus on cognitive skills in critical thinking.

[Structural elements of critical thinking of nurses in emergency care]. / Elementos estruturais do pensamento crítico de enfermeiros atuantes em emergências.

The objective of this study was to analyze the structural elements of critical thinking (CT) of nurses in the clinical decision-making process. This exploratory, qualitative study was conducted with 20 emergency care nurses in three hospitals in southern Brazil. Data were collected from April to June 2009, and a validated clinical case was applied from which nurses listed health problems, prescribed care and listed the structural elements of CT. Content analysis resulted in categories used to determine priority structural elements of CT, namely theoretical foundations and practical relationship to clinical decision making; technical and scientific knowledge and clinical experience, thought processes and clinical decision making: clinical reasoning and basis for clinical judgments of nurses: patient assessment and ethics. It was concluded that thinking critically is a skill that enables implementation of a secure and effective nursing care process.

[Reliability and validity of the pain assessment tool in confused older adults--IADIC]. / Fidedignidade e validade do instrumento de avaliação da dor em idosos confusos--IADIC".

This is a methodological study, the objective was to conduct the pre-test and validate the psychometric properties of the Pain Assessment Tool in Confused Elderly (IADIC) in the immediate postoperative period. The sample consisted of 104 patients aged 60 years and over in the immediate postoperative perio4 admitted to the recovery room after surgery in a general hospital of Rio Grande do Sul Brasil. Data were collected from April to August 2012. Patients included in the study were diagnosed as confused after application of the Confusion Assessment Method-CAM and possessed age of 71.51 +/- 8.81 years. In the pre-test did not require modifications of the instrument. Upon validation the psychometric properties and internal consistency showed a Cronbach's alpha of 0.88 and reproducibility assessed by the intmraclass coefficient was 0.838. Internal consistency and reproducibility gave IADIC the validity and reliability for use in Brazil.

[Critical thinking skills in the nursing diagnosis process]. / Habilidades de pensamento crítico no processo diagnóstico em enfermagem.

The aim of this study was to identify the critical thinking skills utilized in the nursing diagnosis process. This was an exploratory descriptive study conducted with seven nursing students on the application of a clinical case to identify critical thinking skills, as well as their justifications in the nursing diagnosis process. Content analysis was performed to evaluate descriptive data. Six participants reported that analysis, scientific and technical knowledge and logical reasoning skills are important in identifying priority nursing diagnoses; clinical experience was cited by five participants, knowledge about the patient and application of standards were mentioned by three participants; Furthermore, discernment and contextual perspective were skills noted by two participants. Based on these results, the use of critical thinking skills related to the steps of the nursing diagnosis process was observed. Therefore, that the application of this process may constitute a strategy that enables the development of critical thinking skills.

Sociodemographic profile, diagnoses and nursing care in post-COVID-19 patients in a Brazilian university hospital.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the sociodemographic profile, diagnoses and nursing care of post-COVID-19 patients admitted to a university hospital in southern Brazil. METHODS: a retrospective cohort study. The sample consisted of 1,467 medical records, from January 2020 to January 2021. RESULTS: from the analyzed medical records, the most prevalent profiles, respectively, included: males (52.9%); white (81.1%); with Impaired Physiological Balance Syndrome* Nursing Diagnosis (77.3%); nursing care implementing aerosol precautions (94.5%); implementing droplet precautions (93.4%); checking vital signs (91.9%); applying standard disinfectant to equipment and surfaces (89.6%). CONCLUSIONS: the analysis of the sociodemographic profile, diagnoses and nursing care of patients in this study may contribute to implementing the Nursing Process in the coronavirus pandemic context.

[Dressings for the treatment of abdominal surgical wounds: a systematic review]. / Curativos para tratamento de feridas operatórias abdominais: uma revisão sistemática.

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to identifyiny the dressings used to treat abdominal surgical wounds with complications, in order to look for evidence that supports the development of an institutional protocol for handling these wounds. METHODOLOGY: a Systematic Review was developed, which had as a guiding question. What is the prevalent dressing in the treatment of patients with complications in abdominal surgical wounds? The MeSH database was used to search for the largest possible number of studies in seven electronic databases. RESULTS: The search in the databases resulted in 6107 articles, after being tested for relevance, the result was 33 studies that comprised the sample. The use of the VAC dressing was the best suited to treat abdominal surgical wounds with complications. CONCLUSION: Further research is suggested, so that the effectiveness and feasibility of VAC therapy in our reality can be assessed.

[Frailty in elderly people: what nursing research has produced]. / Fragilidade no idoso: o que vem sendo produzido pela enfermagem.

This integrative literature review aims to identify scientific production in nursing about frailty in elderly people using the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin-American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde - LILACS) and Scopus. The study included 16 articles, two published in Brazilian periodicals and 14 of other nations. The review shows that 37.5% (6) of the articles focus on a paradigm shift regarding the care model and 26.7% (4) highlight the family as the primary care unit in the context of a frail elder. It is noted that the nurse plays a key role in the context of frailty, in the development of individual care, and in the support of family members and other caregivers of frail elders.

Nursing and "being with" in a world with COVID-19: an existentialist look.

OBJECTIVE: To reflect on nursing from an existentialist perspective, in which "being-with" has been shown to be the best type of care in a world with Covid-19. METHOD: Reflective theoretical study on nursing in the context of a pandemic using an existentialist philosophical theoretical framework. RESULTS: Nursing is now perceived by society as a profession whose practices are beyond the clinical conditions that affect individuals who live with this pandemic, as taking care of others is not only performing technical actions, but means, fundamentally, taking sensitive ones, like "being-with" in a present and authentic way. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The pandemic has caused changes in the way human beings relate to the world, leading to reflections on values ​​due to the restrictions imposed by it. In this scenario, nurses becomes visible, being the protagonists in the different care spaces, since the focus of its practice is existential care, which is established through relationships in encounters between beings, thus making "being-with" possible.

Florence Nightingale's theory and her contributions to holistic critical thinking in nursing.

OBJECTIVE: to reflect on Florence Nightingale's legacy and describe her contributions to critical holistic thinking in nursing. METHODS: this is a theoretical reflection, for which scientific productions on Florence Nightingale's environmental theory, as published in national and international journals, were based. RESULTS: Florence Nightingale's philosophy and teachings emphasize that the nurse must use her brain, heart and hands to create healing environments to care for the patient's body, mind and spirit. Nursing, since the time of Nightingale, has been building the holistic paradigm, in all schools of thought, with a view to a humanistic approach to the human being in their indivisible relationship with the environment. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Florence's contributions to holistic critical thinking in nursing are evident, constituting nurses' differential in clinical practice.

[Strategies for teaching the critical thinking abilities in nursing]. / Estratégias de ensino das habilidades do pensamento crítico na enfermagem.

This study aimed at characterizing the teaching strategies applied to nursing in order to develop critical thinking skills. An integrative review was elaborated on the Web of Science and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) data base, with the descriptors critical thinking, nursing and teaching from 1987 to 2008. The sample comprised 64 articles and the analysis provided the identification of 27 strategies for teaching critical thinking in nursing. Among those, the most referred to were questioning, case study, online teaching and interactive learning, concept map and teaching based on problem solving. Different strategies described in the study revealed a wide range of possibilities which can be applied to teaching and to clinical practice. It was concluded that the development of the critical thinking skills through these teaching strategies can help nursing students to be more critical and reflexive.

Spirituality in self-care for intensive care nursing professionals.

This study aimed to understand how spirituality permeates the process of caring for oneself and for others in the intensive care scenario from nursing professionals' point of view. This study used the qualitative approach of Cabral's Creative-Sensitive Method to guide information production and analysis in nine art and experience workshops. Nine nursing caregivers from the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a university hospital participated in the study. This article presents one of the topics that emerged during this process: spirituality in self-care, which is evidenced in the daily practices that take place through prayers, close contact with nature, as well as in the sense of connection with a Higher Power that provides peace, welfare, and greater strength to ICU caregivers' life and work. Self-knowledge emerged as an essential practice in caring for oneself, in order to deliver better care to others.

Contributions of Jean Watson's theory to holistic critical thinking of nurses.

OBJECTIVE: to reflect on the contributions of Jean Watson's theory to the nurses' holistic critical thinking. METHOD: This is a theoretical reflection article, on which scientific productions about Jean Watson's human care theory, published in national and international periodicals, were based. RESULTS: Jean Watson's theory and its contribution to the nurses' holistic critical thinking; the interface of critical holistic thinking in teaching the nursing diagnosis process according to Watson's theory; contributions of critical holistic thinking to the nursing field. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Jean Watson's theory is based on the humanistic aspects and on the ethical and spiritual dimensions of care, considering the characteristics of each individual and their bio-psycho-spiritual-social needs, which can contribute fundamentally to the development of holistic critical thinking and to the role of the nurse in care, teaching and research fields.

Sociodemographic profile, diagnoses and nursing care in post-COVID-19 patients in a Brazilian university hospital / Perfil sociodemográfico, diagnósticos y cuidados de enfermería en pacientes post-COVID-19 en un hospital universitario brasileño / Perfil sociodemográfico, diagnósticos e cuidados de enfermagem em pacientes pós-COVID-19 em um hospital universitário brasileiro

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the sociodemographic profile, diagnoses and nursing care of post-COVID-19 patients admitted to a university hospital in southern Brazil. Methods: a retrospective cohort study. The sample consisted of 1,467 medical records, from January 2020 to January 2021. Results: from the analyzed medical records, the most prevalent profiles, respectively, included: males (52.9%); white (81.1%); with Impaired Physiological Balance Syndrome* Nursing Diagnosis (77.3%); nursing care implementing aerosol precautions (94.5%); implementing droplet precautions (93.4%); checking vital signs (91.9%); applying standard disinfectant to equipment and surfaces (89.6%). Conclusions: the analysis of the sociodemographic profile, diagnoses and nursing care of patients in this study may contribute to implementing the Nursing Process in the coronavirus pandemic context.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar el perfil sociodemográfico, diagnósticos y cuidados de enfermería de pacientes post-COVID-19 internados en un hospital universitario del sur de Brasil. Métodos: un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 1.467 historias clínicas, desde enero de 2020 hasta enero de 2021. Resultados: de las historias clínicas analizadas, los perfiles más prevalentes, respectivamente, incluyeron: hombres (52,9%); blanco (81,1%); con diagnóstico de enfermería de síndrome del equilibrio fisiológico alterado* (77,3%); los cuidados de enfermería implementan medidas de precaución por aerosoles (94,5%); implementar medidas de precaución por gotitas (93,4%); control de signos vitales (91,9%); aplicar desinfectante estándar a equipos y superficies (89,6%). Conclusiones: el análisis del perfil sociodemográfico, diagnósticos y cuidados de enfermería de los pacientes de este estudio puede contribuir para la implementación del Proceso de Enfermería en el contexto de pandemia del coronavirus.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar o perfil sociodemográfico, diagnósticos e cuidados de enfermagem de pacientes pós-COVID-19 internados em um hospital universitário do sul do Brasil. Métodos: estudo de coorte retrospectivo. A amostra foi constituída de 1.467 prontuários, no período de janeiro de 2020 a janeiro de 2021. Resultados: dos prontuários analisados, os perfis, respectivamente, mais prevalentes incluíram: pessoas do sexo masculino (52,9%); da cor branca (81,1%); com Diagnóstico de Enfermagem de síndrome do equilíbrio fisiológico prejudicado* (77,3%); cuidados de enfermagem implementar medidas de precauções por aerossóis (94,5%); implementar medidas de precaução por gotículas (93,4%); verificar sinais vitais (91,9%); aplicar desinfetante padrão em equipamentos e superfícies (89,6%). Conclusões: a análise do perfil sociodemográfico, diagnósticos e cuidados de enfermagem dos pacientes deste estudo poderá contribuir à implementação do Processo de Enfermagem no contexto pandêmico do coronavírus.

[Expanding self-awareness: the caregiver looking at him/herself in the mirror]. / Ampliando a consciência do eu: o cuidador olhando-se no espelho.

This study aimed at understanding the perception of nurses on expanding their self-awareness when caring the others. This qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study was carried out at a university hospital in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Content analysis revealed as self-awareness expansion components how the caretaker perceives him/herself as a sensitive Self, as an esthetic Self as a possibility Self and as a beliefs and values Self Based in these results, it is suggested that formal care spaces for the caretaker need to be created, taking into account how he/she perceives him/herself the other, and the world of care in a hospital.