Development of a virtual learning environment for cardiorespiratory arrest training.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) aiming at the training of nursing team workers and emergency vehicle drivers in Basic Life Support (BLS) to attend Cardiorespiratory arrest, and to evaluate the quality of its contents among specialists in the area of Emergency and Urgent care. METHOD: Applied research of technological development. The methodology used was based on the Instructional Design Model (ADDIE), which structures the teaching-learning planning in different stages (analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation). The VLE was composed of texts elaborated from bibliographic research, links, edited video from a simulation scenario in the laboratory and questions to evaluate the fixation of the content, organized in modules. RESULTS: After its development, it was evaluated as adequate to satisfy the needs of the target public, by eight expert judges, which was made available for electronic access. CONCLUSION: The VLE has potential as a tool for training and qualification in BLS, as it can be easily integrated with other pedagogical approaches and strategies with active methodologies. OBJETIVO: Desenvolver um Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA) visando à capacitação de trabalhadores da equipe de enfermagem e condutores de veículo de emergência em Suporte Básico de Vida (SBV) no atendimento à Parada Cardiorrespiratória, e avaliar a qualidade do seu conteúdo junto a especialistas na área de Urgência e Emergência. MÉTODO: Pesquisa aplicada, de produção tecnológica. A metodologia utilizada foi baseada no Modelo de Design Instrucional (ADDIE), que estrutura o planejamento de ensino-aprendizagem em estágios distintos (analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation). O AVA foi composto por textos elaborados a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, links, vídeo construído a partir de um cenário de simulação em laboratório e questões para avaliar a fixação do conteúdo, organizados em módulos. RESULTADOS: Após a sua construção, foi avaliado como adequado para satisfazer às necessidades do público-alvo, por oito juízes especialistas, sendo disponibilizado para acesso eletrônico. CONCLUSÃO: O AVA tem potencial como ferramenta para formação e capacitação em SBV porser facilmente integrado a outras abordagens pedagógicas e estratégias com metodologias ativas.

Effectiveness of co-debriefing to develop clinical skills in basic life support: randomized pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of co-debriefing with debriefing with a facilitator in the development of clinical competences in nursing students in the simulated care of cardiac arrest. METHOD: Randomized pilot study, carried out at a university in Minas Gerais, Brazil, in August 2021, with 17 students, to compare debriefing with a facilitator (control n=8) with co-debriefing (intervention n=9). Pre- and post-test, Objective Structured Clinical Examination and scales were used to assess behavioral skills. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney nonparametric comparison tests were used for analysis. RESULTS: The intervention group performed better than the control for knowledge about basic life support (control=17.00±2.39 and intervention=19.22 ± 0.66, p=0.021) and psychomotor skills (control=8.12±0.13 and intervention=8.50 ± 0.001, p<0.001). There were no significant differences for behavioral skills. CONCLUSION: Co-debriefing appears to be more effective than debriefing with a facilitator to develop clinical skills in basic life support in nursing.

Blended learning program for the development of skills in the aspiration of artificial airways.

OBJECTIVE: to develop and validate a blended learning program, of the inverted classroom type, on the aspiration of artificial airways. METHOD: applied and methodological research that involved technological production for teaching a Nursing Intervention, based on Vygotsky's theoretical frameworks and on the Nursing Process. For elaboration and validation, a classic instructional design model was followed. The general and pedagogical requirements were validated, as well as those for videos and interface. For the analysis, the Content Validity Index and the First-order agreement coefficient were used. RESULTS: 34 experts participated, 27 of whom were nurses and seven were professionals in Information Technology. In the nurses' opinion, the general and pedagogical requirements obtained a Content Validity Index of 0.99 and 0.98 was obtained for the videos and for the interface. The interface for the IT professionals was 0.94. All requirements showed almost perfect agreement. CONCLUSION: the teaching program was elaborated and validated by experts and constitutes an innovative proposal to train nurses. The mediation of teaching by means of duly validated technologies can favor learning and reaching positive results in the development of skills in the practice of aspiration of artificial airways.

Instructor-led oral debriefing technique in clinical nursing simulation: integrative review.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze available scientific evidence in literature pertaining to the elements that make the instructor-led oral debriefing technique in clinical nursing simulation feasible. METHODS: An Integrative literature review along the following information sources: PubMed®, Scopus, Web of Science, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) [Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature], Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Educational Resources Information Centre (ERIC). RESULTS: 284 studies were identified, and 5 composed the sample. Four elements constitute oral debriefing: characteristics of the instructor; discussion format, debriefing structure; and time frame. The main benefit was to develop cognitive and psychomotor skills; and the challenge was to establish training for instructors. The studies showed high methodological quality. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The scientific deepening as to the elements, benefits, and challenges of oral debriefing enables its execution and offers quality to the nursing process.

Development of clinical competence in nursing in simulation: the perspective of Bloom's taxonomy.

OBJECTIVES: to investigate the scientific evidence on the use of Bloom's taxonomy for developing competence in nursing professionals and students in clinical simulation. METHODS: integrative review of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Web of Science and SCOPUS databases, using the Rayyan application. RESULTS: a total of 871 studies were identified; four composed the sample. The development of clinical competence occurred through the coordination of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. To develop the cognitive domain, the objectives of knowledge and comprehension of the Bloom's taxonomy were mobilized. The psychomotor domain required development of the skills demanded by the proposed clinical care. The affective domain was developed through will and motivation to learn. CONCLUSIONS: it is possible to develop clinical competence in nursing by adopting Bloom's taxonomy in each phase of clinical simulation.

[Accidents and injuries due to consumption of alcohol or drugs in patients treated at an emergency room]. / Accidentes y lesiones por consumo de alcohol y drogas en pacientes atendidos en una sala de urgencia.

The aims of the study were to describe the differences in alcohol consumption by sex, education and occupation and to understand the effects of the socio-demographic characteristics on alcohol consumption, in 120 emergency room patients. The results showed significant differences for sex (t=-3.570, p <.01) and education (t=2.636, p <.01) in alcohol consumption. In addition the factors; age, age alcohol consumption started, quantity of alcohol ingested, age marijuana consumption started, and hours lapsed between the consumption of marijuana and the accident (F(7, 116)=15.519, p <.00), were also significant on the consumption of alcohol with an explained variance of 40%.

[Nursing diagnoses of premature infant under intermediary care]. / Diagnósticos de enfermagem de prematuros sob cuidados intermediários.

The study aims at identifying nursing diagnoses of premature infants attended in a neonatal intermediary care unit in the countryside of São Paulo State, Brazil. That was a retrospective study conducted from 118 patient records of hospitalized premature infants. The most frequent nursing diagnosis were sleep deprivation (83.1%), risk for infection (76.3%) and dysfunctional family processes (75.4%), belonging to NANDA domains: activity/rest, security/protection and role relations, this order. Study results articulated the diagnosis frequency with NANDA domain to which they belong identifying their approach limitation and main domains pointed in assistance systematization to premature newborn in intermediary care.

Clinical simulation for nursing competence development in cardiopulmonary resuscitation: systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the effectiveness of clinical simulation for competence development regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation in comparison with different teaching and learning strategies used in the education of nursing students. METHOD: systematic review, performed on the databases PubMed®/MEDLINE®, LILACS, Scopus, CINAHL and Web of Science. The Rayyan QCRI application was used to select the studies, in addition to the instruments for assessing the methodological quality of Joanna Briggs Institute and the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument. RESULTS: a total of 887 studies were identified, and five we included in the final sample. The included studies had good methodological quality by the assessment instruments. All of them had statistically significant results to develop competence through clinical simulation, when compared to other methods. CONCLUSION: clinical simulation proved to be effective for the development of clinical competence in cardiopulmonary resuscitation of nursing students.

The use of serious games as an innovative educational strategy for learning cardiopulmonary resuscitation: an integrative review.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the scientific evidence available in literature on the use of serious games for health students to learn about cardiopulmonary resuscitation. METHODS: Integrative review in PubMed / MEDLINE®, LILACS, Scopus and CINAHL databases. Included primary studies, in Portuguese, English or Spanish, from January 2009 to August 2019. The Rayyan software was used for study selection. RESULTS: We identified 115 studies, and 8 composed the sample, categorizing two domains: : Intention of the study with regard to cardiopulmonary resuscitation through the serious game, and method used by the serious game to teach CPR. CONCLUSION: Medical students are the main audience for serious game learning, and the main intentions of the games are to compare their effectiveness with traditional methodologies and knowledge retention. The method adopted is the description of a cardiorespiratory arrest for training. The serious game proved effective for learning cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Video-assisted debriefing technique for nursing simulation: how to proceed?

OBJECTIVE: To identify elements in scientific literature that make the video-assisted debriefing technique feasible in the teaching and learning process, in nursing simulation. METHOD: Integrative literature review, conducted from May to July of 2019. Primary studies, with no time frame, were selected in Portuguese, English or Spanish, in the PubMed®, Scopus®, CINAHL and LILACS databases, using the Rayyan application. Qualitative analysis was adopted. RESULTS: 205 studies were initially identified, six of which were selected and categorized into: "Elements that make up the video-assisted debriefing technique"; "Benefits of using the video-assisted debriefing technique" and "Challenges of using the video-assisted debriefing technique". CONCLUSIONS: The elements that made the video-assisted debriefing technique feasible in the teaching and learning process in nursing were concept, objectives, material resources and procedure. The main benefit was the immediate recognition of behaviors, and the challenge was the risk that the video would make debriefing tiring and humiliating.

Debriefing methods and techniques used in nursing simulation.

OBJECTIVE: To identify in the literature methods and techniques of debriefing used in teaching and learning in nursing simulation. METHODS: Integrative review of PubMed/MEDLINE®, LILACS, Scopus and CINAHL® databases, with the descriptors "nursing", "nursing education", respective terms in English and Spanish, and the keyword "debriefing". Twelve primary studies, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, from January 2008 to December 2018 were included. Qualitative analysis was used to categorize the domains. RESULTS: The identified meaningful learning methods were based on principles of transfer of learning; model of clinical reasoning, interprofessional, with good judgment and structured and self-debriefing techniques, oral, eye-tracking, video-assisted and written debriefing. CONCLUSIONS: The structured method and the oral technique with video were outstanding. One method was not superior to the other but effective for a particular proposal. No national studies have been found. Research should be conducted on the effectiveness of nursing debriefing methods and techniques.

Production and validation of a video lesson on cardiopulmonary resuscitation. / Construção e validação de videoaula sobre ressuscitação cardiopulmonar.

OBJECTIVE: To elaborate and validate a teaching virtual contemporary object, video-lesson, about resuscitation cardiopulmonary with adult in life support care using automatic external defibrillator in the hospital environment. METHOD: This is an applied research of techonlogical productions in witch the video-lesson elaboration was according to the methodological trajectory proposed by Fleming, Reynolds and Wallace. The research was accomplished in the Minas Gerais University State and in the Ribeirão Preto Nursing School (Brazil). Sixteen expertises nurses in the area of urgency and emergency participated of this research. The AC1 Gwet's statistic was used to the interobsevers agreement. RESULTS: The validation of script and storyboard to the video-lesson development was reached the interobsevers agreement, classified as "moderate agreenment" according to Landis and Kock, with AC1=0.59 and p<0.0001. CONCLUSIONS: The video-lesson elaborated and validated in this research represent an adequate contemporary important strategy to aplication in the teaching-learning process.

Relations between nursing data collection, diagnoses and prescriptions for adult patients at an intensive care unit.

This descriptive, retrospective study aimed to analyze the relation between nursing data collection, diagnoses and prescriptions for 26 adult patients who were hospitalized at the intense care unit of a large teaching hospital for at least 24 hours. Through the analysis of medical records, 135 diagnoses and 421 nursing prescriptions were established, and 24 different diagnosis categories and 20 different items for prescriptions were identified. The most frequent diagnosis risk was that for infection, present in the medical records of 22 (84.60%) patients, with 175 prescriptions (42%) related to this diagnosis. The data the nurses collected were sufficient to establish the nursing diagnoses, and the majority of prescriptions (87.9%) were related to the diagnoses.

New guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) poses a severe threat to life; cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) represents a challenge for research and assessment by nurses and their team. This study presents the most recent international recommendations for care in case of cardiopulmonary heart arrest, based on the 2005 Guidelines by the American Heart Association (AHA). These CPR guidelines are based on a large-scale review process, organized by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). High-quality basic and advanced CPR maneuvers can save lives.

Validação de ferramentas pedagógicas: subsídio para o ensino híbrido da ressuscitação cardiopulmonar neonatal / Validación de herramientas pedagógicas: subsidio para la enseñanza híbrida de reanimación cardiopulmonar neonatal / Validation of pedagogical tools: subsidy for hybrid teaching of neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Objetivo: desenvolver e validar instrumentos de aprendizagem e avaliação voltados para o ensino híbrido da ressuscitação cardiopulmonar neonatal. Métodos: pesquisa aplicada, de produção tecnológica e validação de ferramentas pedagógicas com 13 experts por meio de First-order Agreement Coefficient. Resultados: desenvolveu-se o script e storyboard de uma videoaula com cinco módulos e um vídeo de simulação sobre um cenário clínico de atendimento da ressuscitação cardiopulmonar neonatal, além de um questionário de vinte perguntas para avaliação do conhecimento cognitivo e um Exame Clínico Objetivo Estruturado com cinco estações para análise das habilidades psicomotoras. Todos os constructos obtiveram índice de concordância interavaliadores quase perfeita. Conclusão: esta pesquisa disponibilizou ferramentas pedagógicas validadas e fundamentadas em evidências científicas sobre a ressuscitação cardiopulmonar neonatal que sustentam o ensino híbrido e adoção da simulação clínica baseada em vídeo

Objective: To develop and validate learning and assessment tools for hybrid teaching of neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Method: An applied research for technological production and validation of pedagogical tools was conducted with 13 experts using First-order Agreement Coefficient. Results: A script and storyboard for a five-module video class and a simulation video on a clinical scenario of neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation care were developed, as well as a twenty-question questionnaire to assess cognitive knowledge and a five-station Clinical Examination Objective Structured to analyze psychomotor skills. All constructs had an almost perfect inter-rater agreement index. Conclusion: This study provides evidence-based validated pedagogical tools for neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, which support hybrid teaching and the adoption of video-based clinical simulation.

Objetivo: desarrollar y validar herramientas de aprendizaje y evaluación dirigidas a la enseñanza híbrida de la reanimación cardiopulmonar neonatal. Métodos: investigación aplicada, de producción tecnológica y validación de herramientas pedagógicas con 13 expertos mediante el First-order Agreement Coefficient. Resultados: se desarrolló un guion y storyboard para una clase de video con cinco módulos y un video de simulación sobre un escenario de reanimación cardiopulmonar neonatal, un cuestionario de veinte preguntas para el conocimiento cognitivo y un Examen Clínico Estructurado con cinco estaciones para el análisis de las habilidades psicomotoras. Los constructos tenían un índice de acuerdo entre evaluadores casi perfecto. Conclusión: esta investigación permite disponer de herramientas pedagógicas validadas y basadas en evidencia científica sobre la reanimación cardiopulmonar neonatal, que apoyan enseñanza híbrida y adopción de simulación clínica basada en video.

Lipodystrophy syndrome associated with antiretroviral therapy in HIV patients: considerations for psychosocial aspects.

Several side effects have been strongly associated with antiretroviral therapy in HIV patients. Among them, the lipodystrophy syndrome which presents alterations in body shape with central adipose hypertrophy and peripheral lipoatrophy, reported by patients as a visible marker identifying them as HIV patients. This manuscript presents an analysis of current literature regarding the psychosocial aspects of HIV patients with lipodystrophy associated with antiretroviral therapy. The results show that the alterations in body shape can be disturbing in terms of psychosocial well being, affecting quality of life and increasing the stigma associated with the disease, with consequent disturbances in social relations. This analysis provides a preliminary review of the psychosocial aspects of lipodystrophy and further studies are needed for a better understanding of this complex syndrome, which could provide new information to be used in nursing care for HIV patients affected by this problem.

Simulação clínica em enfermagem à luz da aprendizagem experiencial: revisão sistemática / Simulación clínica en enfermería a la luz del aprendizaje experiencial: revisión sistemática / Clinical simulation in nursing in the light of experiential learning: systematic review

Objetivo: identificar a efetividade da simulação clínica baseada na aprendizagem experiencial, como referencial teórico-metodológico, em comparação com diferentes estratégias pedagógicas no ensino em enfermagem. Método: revisão sistemática, realizada nas fontes Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online; Scopus, Web of Science, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literaturee Educational Resources Information Center. Utilizou-se instrumentos de avaliação do percuso metodológico. Resultados: identificaram-se 268 estudos, e quatro compuseram a amostra. Comparou-se a aprendizagem experiencial na simulação com o estudo de caso; aula expositiva; resolução de problemas e a simulação sem referencial. Os estudos obtiveram boa qualidade pelo instrumento do JBI e moderada pelo Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument. Conclusão: a aprendizagem experiencial sinaliza efetividade para o ensino em enfermagem baseado em simulação.

Objective: to identify the effectiveness of clinical simulation based on experiential learning, as a theoretical-methodological framework, in comparison with different pedagogical strategies in nursing education. Method: systematic review, performed in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online sources; Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Educational Resources Information Center. Instruments for evaluating the methodological path were used. Results: 268 studies were identified, and four composed the sample. Experiential learning, in simulation, was compared with the case study; expository class; problem solving and benchmarkless simulation. The studies obtained good quality by the instrument of JBI and moderated by the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument. Conclusion: experiential learning signals effectiveness for simulation-based nursing education.

Objetivo: identificar la efectividad de la simulación clínica basada en el aprendizaje experiencial, como marco teórico-metodológico, en comparación con diferentes estrategias pedagógicas en la educación en enfermería. Método: revisión sistemática, realizada en las fuentes Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online; Scopus, Web of Science, Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literaturey Educational Resources Information Center. Se utilizaron instrumentos para evaluar la trayectoria metodológica. Resultados: identificaron 268 estudios, y cuatro compusieron la muestra. El aprendizaje experiencial se comparó con estudio de caso; clase expositiva; resolución de problemas y simulación sin referencia. Los estudios obtuvieron buena calidad por el instrumento del JBI y moderados por el Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument. Conclusión: el aprendizaje experiencial señala la eficacia de la educación en enfermería basada en simulación.

Effectiveness of co-debriefing to develop clinical skills in basic life support: randomized pilot study / Eficacia del co-debriefing para desarrollo de habilidades clínicas en soporte vital básico: estudio piloto aleatorizado / Efetividade do co-debriefieng para desenvolver competências clínicas no suporte básico de vida: estudo piloto randomizado

ABSTRACT Objective To compare the effectiveness of co-debriefing with debriefing with a facilitator in the development of clinical competences in nursing students in the simulated care of cardiac arrest. Method Randomized pilot study, carried out at a university in Minas Gerais, Brazil, in August 2021, with 17 students, to compare debriefing with a facilitator (control n=8) with co-debriefing (intervention n=9). Pre- and post-test, Objective Structured Clinical Examination and scales were used to assess behavioral skills. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney nonparametric comparison tests were used for analysis. Results The intervention group performed better than the control for knowledge about basic life support (control=17.00±2.39 and intervention=19.22 ± 0.66, p=0.021) and psychomotor skills (control=8.12±0.13 and intervention=8.50 ± 0.001, p<0.001). There were no significant differences for behavioral skills. Conclusion Co-debriefing appears to be more effective than debriefing with a facilitator to develop clinical skills in basic life support in nursing.

RESUMEN Objetivo Comparar la efectividad del co-debriefing con el debriefing con facilitador en el desarrollo de competencias clínicas en estudiantes de enfermería en el cuidado simulado de parada cardiaca. Método Estudio piloto aleatorizado, realizado en una universidad de Minas Gerais, Brasil, en agosto de 2021, con 17 estudiantes, para comparar el debriefing con un facilitador (control n=8) con el co-debriefing (intervención n=9). Se utilizaron pruebas previas y posteriores, examen clínico objetivo estructurado y escalas para evaluar las habilidades conductuales. Para el análisis se utilizaron las pruebas de comparación no paramétrica de Wilcoxon y Mann-whitney. Resultados El grupo intervención se desempeñó mejor que el control en conocimientos sobre soporte vital básico (control=17,00±2,39 e intervención=19,22 ± 0,66, p=0,021) y psicomotricidad (control=8, 12±0,13 e intervención=8,50 ± 0,001, p <0,001). No hubo diferencias significativas para las habilidades conductuales. Conclusión El co-debriefing parece ser más efectivo que el debriefing con un facilitador para desarrollar habilidades clínicas en soporte vital básico en enfermería.

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar a efetividade entre co-debriefing com debriefing com facilitador no desenvolvimento de competências clínicas em estudantes de enfermagem no atendimento simulado da parada cardiorrespiratória. Método Estudo-piloto randomizado, realizado em uma universidade de Minas Gerais, Brasil, em agosto de 2021 com 17 estudantes, para comparar o debriefing com um facilitador (controle n=8) e com o co-debriefing (intervenção n=9). Utilizaram-se pré e pós-teste, Exame Clínico Objetivo Estruturado e escalas para avaliar as habilidades comportamentais. Adotaram-se testes de comparação não paramétricos Wilcoxon e Mann-whitney para análise. Resultados O grupo intervenção obteve desempenho superior ao controle para o conhecimento sobre o suporte básico de vida (controle=17,00±2,39 e intervenção=19,22 ± 0,66, p=0,021) e habilidades psicomotoras (controle=8,12±0,13 e intervenção=8,50 ± 0,001, p<0,001). Não houve diferenças significativas para as habilidades comportamentais. Conclusão O co-debriefing parece ser mais efetivo do que o debriefing como um facilitador para desenvolver competências clínicas no suporte básico de vida em enfermagem.

[Nursing diagnoses of patients in immediate postoperative period of laparoscopic cholecystectomy]. / Diagnósticos de enfermagem de pacientes em período pós-operatório imediato de colecistectomia laparoscópica.

The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the nursing diagnoses for patients in the immediate postoperative period of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We elaborated and validated an instrument for data collection and registration. Fifteen 15 adult patients were evaluated in the immediate postoperative period of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, four men and 11 women, with average age of 45 years. Identified nursing diagnoses were: Impaired Skin Integrity (100%), Risk for Infection (100%), Sensory/Perceptual Alterations (100%), Risk for aspiration (100%), Risk for Ineffective Breathing Pattern (80%), Hypothermia (60%), Risk for Altered Body Temperature (40%), Altered nutrition: more than body requirements (33,3%) and Acute pain (26,7%). All patients were admitted in ambulatory regimen and were discharged from Post anesthesia Care Unit, still presenting the nursing diagnoses of Impaired Skin Integrity and Risk for infection.

[Nursing diagnoses for family members of adult burned patients near hospital discharge]. / Diagnósticos de enfermagem de familiares de pacientes adultos queimados no período próximo à alta hospitalar.

This study aimed to identify the nursing diagnoses for family members of adult burned patients in the period near hospital discharge. We evaluated 10 family members of burned patients through interviews and observation. The nursing diagnoses were established on the basis of the NANDA International Taxonomy II and on Carpenito's interpretation of the NANDA Taxonomy I. We identified 11 different diagnosis categories, all of which were real. The most frequent diagnoses among the family members under analysis were knowledge deficit and anxiety. The former was characterized by the family members' need for information about care for the burned areas and infection prevention. The feeling of anxiety was mainly related to the changes in the appearance, structure or function of the burned patient's body and to the family members' expectations with respect to the patient's return to the family and work environment, accompanied by some physical, psycho-emotional or social consequence.