RESUMO
AIMS: To develop a colorimetric colony-screening assay to facilitate the isolation of micro-organisms capable of defluorination. METHODS AND RESULTS: A metal-dye chelate, zirconium-xylenol orange was used to detect fluoride ions released from a fluorinated substrate through microbial metabolism. Depolymerised zirconium reagent gave the greatest visual contrast for the presence of fluoride compared to more polymerised forms of zirconium reagent. The sensitivity of the assay was greatest when the molar ratio of depolymerised zirconium to xylenol orange was 1:2. Using depolymerised zirconium and xylenol orange (150 and 300 nmol l(-1) respectively), the assay could detect a fluoride application spot (5 mmol l(-1)) containing 50 nmoles of fluoride ions. Most media constituents were well tolerated by the assay, although phosphate ions needed to be restricted to 0.1 g l(-1) and some proteins digest to between 1 and 5 g l(-1). A microbial enrichment culture growing on solidified medium containing 20 mmol l(-1) fluoroacetate was screened using the assay, and defluorinating bacteria belonging to the genus Burkholderia isolated. CONCLUSIONS: A method was developed that is sensitive, rapid and reliable for detecting defluorination by micro-organisms growing on solidified medium. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This method can be used to facilitate the isolation of micro-organisms capable of defluorination.
Assuntos
Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Colorimetria/métodos , Bactérias/metabolismo , Corantes/química , Meios de Cultura/química , Fluoracetatos/metabolismo , Humanos , Fenóis , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Microbiologia do Solo , Sulfóxidos , Xilenos/química , Zircônio/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Intestinal transplantation has become an accepted therapy for short bowel syndrome and other types of intestinal failure. In order to assess digestive capabilities and feeding practices in a group of 22 pediatric patients after intestinal transplantation, we assessed mucosal disaccharidase activities and assimilation of total dietary lipid and vitamin E. Twelve of the patients had undergone contemporaneous liver transplantation. METHODS: Mucosal biopsies were assayed for disaccharidase activities between 15 and 412 days after transplantation in 7 of the 22 when all were receiving some enteral nutrition and were free of rejection. Coefficients of lipid absorption were determined in those patients receiving total enteral feeding (two-thirds polymeric/one-third elemental) between 43 and 1032 days after transplantation; oral vitamin E tolerance tests were done at about the same time. RESULTS: Activities of lactase, sucrase, maltase, and palatinase consistently exceeded reference ranges (P<0.05). Mean coefficient of lipid absorption equaled 86+/-12% and was not influenced by duration of time after transplantation. No patient required dietary lipid restriction. No significant absorption of vitamin E was demonstrated until 160 days after transplantation. Vitamin E absorption did correlate with length of time elapsed after surgery (r=0.64, P<0.0011). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this investigation show that, in the absence of histologic or clinical indications of allograft rejection, pediatric intestinal transplant recipients do not have primary disaccharidase deficiencies. Similarly, absorption of usual dietary lipid content is adequate once weaning from parenteral nutrition is complete. In contrast, early assimilation of vitamin E is poor. Vitamin E absorption subsequently improves, but the mechanism is obscure.
Assuntos
Dissacarídeos/metabolismo , Gorduras/metabolismo , Enteropatias/cirurgia , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Intestinos/transplante , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Rejeição de Enxerto , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Transplante HomólogoRESUMO
To address the myriad problems and challenges in the next year, the operative word will be partnership. That's according to members of Modern Healthcare's editorial advisory board in their discussion of the healthcare industry in 1991. The experts see the need for hospitals, physicians and the business community to team up to control costs, solve staffing woes and take initial steps toward healthcare reform.
Assuntos
Administração Hospitalar/tendências , Eficiência , Previsões , Programas de Assistência Gerenciada , Médicos , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S./organização & administração , Honorários Médicos/legislação & jurisprudência , Medicare/legislação & jurisprudência , United States Dept. of Health and Human Services/organização & administração , Educação Médica/economia , Gastos em Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Sistemas Pré-Pagos de Saúde , Transplante de Coração , Medicaid/legislação & jurisprudência , Sistema de Pagamento Prospectivo/legislação & jurisprudência , Apoio à Pesquisa como Assunto/legislação & jurisprudência , Apoio ao Desenvolvimento de Recursos Humanos/legislação & jurisprudência , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Controle de Custos , Política de Saúde , Humanos , Medicaid/tendências , Medicare/tendências , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Atenção à Saúde/tendências , Política de Saúde/tendências , Demografia , Emprego , Hospitais , Enfermagem , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S./organização & administração , Medicaid/economia , Medicare/economia , United States Dept. of Health and Human Services/organização & administração , Controle de Custos , Honorários Médicos/tendências , Prática Privada/economia , Estados UnidosRESUMO
The board chair of the Community Health Accreditation Program (CHAP) reflects on the implications of federal recognition of CHAP. In challenging the status quo, CHAP has shown that a voluntary, consumer-based alternative can protect the public and promote excellence.
Assuntos
Acreditação , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária/normas , Defesa do Consumidor , Poder Psicológico , Humanos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
In a retrospective study to correlate preoperative ultrasonic findings with operative findings in 80 patients with symptoms of biliary tract disease, ultrasound was 75% accurate in predicting the presence or absence of gallstones. Of all positive ultrasonic studies, 95% correlated with gallbladder disease of some kind. The diseased gallbladder without stones may still produce ultrasonic abnormalities, allowing detection of inflammatory changes. Ultrasound is indicated in acute conditions of the abdomen, in patients with jaundice or allergy to contrast agents, and as an adjunct to other diagnostic modalities.
Assuntos
Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico , Ultrassonografia , Colecistite/diagnóstico , Colecistite/cirurgia , Colelitíase/diagnóstico , Colelitíase/cirurgia , Erros de Diagnóstico , Reações Falso-Negativas , Reações Falso-Positivas , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , Humanos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Hepatic cysts are found incidentally and cause few if any symptoms. Simple unroofing of such cysts to provide drainage is adequate therapy when symptoms occur, but such patients must be followed up. Disease progression can result in serious or even life threatening complications, as demonstrated in the case reported here.
Assuntos
Cistos/complicações , Hemorragia/etiologia , Hepatopatias/complicações , Idoso , Cistos/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hepatopatias/patologiaRESUMO
Information is an increasingly important resource in an academic hospital. Effective planning and control of this resource are essential in order to maximize its usefulness. The Hospital Information Planning Study (HIPS) undertaken at Groote Schuur Hospital, and based on the Business Systems Planning (BSP) methodology, is outlined, as are the results of the study. The recommendations arising from the study, which are of considerable significance to the hospital, are mentioned briefly.
Assuntos
Administração Hospitalar , Sistemas de Informação/organização & administração , Estudos de Viabilidade , África do SulRESUMO
The 'oil' obtained from emu fat can be a very effective inhibitor of chronic inflammation in rats when applied dermally (with a skin penetration enhancer). Assays for this activity using the adjuvant-induced arthritis model have shown: i. Considerable variability in potency of some commercial oil samples; ii. Little or no correlation of activity with colour or linolenic acid (18:3) content of the oil; iii. Relative stability of some active oils (to heat, ageing at room temperature); iv. The bulk of the anti-inflammatory activity was present in a low triglyceride fraction; and v. Potential arthritis-suppressant/immunoregulant activity of these active fractions. These studies point to the need for more rigid quality control before considering such a (now proven) traditional medicine as a complementary therapy.Repeated applications of selected oils did not induce any of the more prominent side-effects associated with NSAIDs (e.g. platelet inhibition, gastrotoxicity) or certain anti-arthritic drugs (proteinuria, leukopenia).
RESUMO
Most measurements of binding affinity of albumin for long-chain fatty acids are based on heptane-water partition. In this method, equilibrium partition of fatty acid between heptane and an albumin-containing buffer is calibrated using the partition ratio between heptane and buffer in the absence of protein. In the current study, we used a variety of techniques to examine potential problems with this approach. Hydrophobic impurities in commercial [3H]palmitate preparations were incompletely removed by standard purification techniques. These impurities contributed from 5% of the total radioactivity in the heptane phase at low albumin concentrations (5 microM) to 62% at higher albumin concentrations (500 microM), thus confounding determination of binding affinity. These were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy as radio-labeled glycerol monopalmitate and monostearate. When albumin was not present, the partition ratio was similar to values reported by others. However, our results varied by a factor of four (265-1,119) depending on how the solutions were prepared. Although a true equilibrium partition must not depend on starting conditions, the partition ratio after 24-72 h was > 2x as large when tracer [3H]palmitate was added to the heptane phase than when it was added to the aqueous phase. Results also depended on the relative volumes of heptane and buffer used, approaching a maximum of 1,445 +/- 112 for very low heptane/buffer volume ratios. Much of this variability was due to hydrophilic impurities in [3H]palmitate, which ranged from 0.2 to 1.2% in commercial lots down to 0.1-0.5% after alkaline ethanol extraction and < 0.05% after thin-layer chromatography (TLC).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)