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BACKGROUND: Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a multifaceted, technology-driven high stress environment for professionals, infants and families. PURPOSE: Examine healthcare professionals' beliefs and perceptions regarding providing FCC within the context of NICU. METHODS: This exploratory descriptive study used an online-survey format. The survey comprised several instruments including the Perceived Stress Scale, symptoms of burnout subscale from the Professional Quality of Life scale, and the Family Nurse Caring Belief Scale (FNCBS). Demographic and open-ended items were also included. RESULTS: Sample consisted of 115 multidisciplinary participants working in a level IV neonatal intensive care unit. Participants report strong levels of FCC beliefs. Participants strongly agreed (82%) or agreed (18%) that no matter how sick the infant is, he or she needs to be treated as an individual. A significant correlation (r=-0.343, P < .001) exists between participant's stress composite score and FNCBS composite score. There were significant relationships between participant's years of experience (F = 5.35, P < .002) and education levels (F = 2.60, P < .05) and higher FNCBS composite scores. There were also significant relationships between participant's years of experience (F = 4.77, P < .004) and education (F = 2.89, P < .039) with higher Perceived Stress Scale composite scores. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Results suggest that while participants agreed that FCC is important, they also believed that inadequate staffing and inappropriate assignments may lead to rationing of care. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH: Further research is needed to explore factors that lead to rationing of FCC.
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Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Qualidade de Vida , Tomada de Decisões , Feminino , Pessoal de Saúde , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Pais , Assistência Centrada no PacienteRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the association between team stress level and adverse tracheal intubation (TI)-associated events during neonatal intubations. STUDY DESIGN: TIs from 10 academic neonatal intensive care units were analyzed. Team stress level was rated immediately after TI using a 7-point Likert scale (1 = high stress). Associations among team stress, adverse TI-associated events, and TI characteristics were evaluated. RESULT: In this study, 208 of 2,009 TIs (10%) had high stress levels (score < 4). Oxygenation failure, hemodynamic instability, and family presence were associated with high stress level. Video laryngoscopy and premedication were associated with lower stress levels. High stress level TIs were associated with adverse TI-associated event rates (31 vs. 16%, p < 0.001), which remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders including patient, provider, and practice factors associated with high stress (odds ratio: 1.90, 96% confidence interval: 1.36-2.67, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: High team stress levels during TI were more frequently reported among TIs with adverse events.
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Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Intubação Intratraqueal/métodos , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Estresse Psicológico , Competência Clínica/normas , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Intubação Intratraqueal/efeitos adversos , Laringoscopia , Masculino , Pré-Medicação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas , Estados UnidosRESUMO
The most common nonencapsulated solid renal tumor in the neonatal period is congenital mesoblastic nephroma. Mesoblastic nephroma is a solid lesion originating within or extending from the renal parenchyma. These tumors proliferate rapidly, typically within 3-6 months after birth. Mesoblastic nephromas are stratified by classification as either classical (benign) or atypical (malignant); masses composed of both benign and malignant cells are also reported. The hallmark clinical manifestation of mesoblastic nephroma is a palpable abdominal mass, which may be accompanied by hypertension, hypercalcemia, hematuria, and polyuria. Differentiating between benign and malignant renal tumors is essential to invoke a timely, evidence-based management and treatment plan. With appropriate surgical intervention in a timely manner, prognosis is excellent and mesoblastic nephroma is considered curable. We present a case involving a premature infant with congenital mesoblastic nephroma with discussion of embryology, pathophysiology, diagnostic, management, and prognostic implications for the neonate and family.
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Hipertensão , Neoplasias Renais , Rim/patologia , Nefroma Mesoblástico , Gerenciamento Clínico , Resistência a Medicamentos , Humanos , Hipertensão/etiologia , Hipertensão/terapia , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso , Neoplasias Renais/complicações , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Neoplasias Renais/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Nefroma Mesoblástico/complicações , Nefroma Mesoblástico/patologia , Nefroma Mesoblástico/fisiopatologia , Planejamento de Assistência ao Paciente , Prognóstico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Gabapentin was used for the treatment of term and preterm infants with suspected visceral hyperalgesia caused by a variety of neurologic and gastrointestinal morbidities. Improved feeding tolerance and decreased irritability were seen, as well as decreased usage of opioids and benzodiazepines. Adverse events occurred with abrupt discontinuation of this medication.
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Aminas/administração & dosagem , Analgésicos/administração & dosagem , Benzodiazepinas/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Cicloexanocarboxílicos/administração & dosagem , Hiperalgesia/tratamento farmacológico , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/estatística & dados numéricos , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/administração & dosagem , Aminas/efeitos adversos , Analgésicos/efeitos adversos , Benzodiazepinas/efeitos adversos , Ácidos Cicloexanocarboxílicos/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Gabapentina , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/efeitos adversosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To quantify immunization status among premature infants discharged from neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), and identify risk factors for underimmunization. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a cohort study of infants <33 weeks gestation discharged home between 2011 and 2020 from 241 NICUs. Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined the association between risk factors and underimmunization at discharge, defined as <1 dose of 5 vaccine types when discharged at 60-119 days of age and <2 doses when discharged at 120-179 days of age. RESULTS: Of 30,766 infants discharged at 60-119 days of age, 14% were underimmunized. Among 4358 infants discharged at 120-179 days of age, 53% were underimmunized. For infants discharged at 60-119 days of age, ventilator support within 30 days of discharge was associated with underimmunization. Having a surgical procedure was associated with underimmunization in both groups. CONCLUSION: A large proportion of premature infants discharged from the NICU are underimmunized.
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Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Alta do Paciente , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Humanos , Estudos de Coortes , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso , Recém-Nascido PrematuroRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors associated with second attempt success and the risk of adverse events following a failed first attempt at neonatal tracheal intubation. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on intubations performed in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and delivery room from the National Emergency Airway Registry for Neonates (NEAR4NEOS). SETTING: Eighteen academic NICUs in NEAR4NEOS. PATIENTS: Neonates requiring two or more attempts at intubation between October 2014 and December 2021. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was successful intubation on the second attempt, with severe tracheal intubation-associated events (TIAEs) or severe desaturation (≥20% decline in oxygen saturation) being secondary outcomes. Multivariate regression examined the associations between these outcomes and patient characteristics and changes in intubation practice. RESULTS: 5805 of 13 126 (44%) encounters required two or more intubation attempts, with 3156 (54%) successful on the second attempt. Second attempt success was more likely with changes in any of the following: intubator (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.56 to 2.07), stylet use (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.36 to 2.01) or endotracheal tube (ETT) size (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.74 to 2.56). Changes in stylet use were associated with a reduced chance of severe desaturation (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.90), but changes in intubator, laryngoscope type or ETT size were not; no changes in intubator or equipment were associated with severe TIAEs. CONCLUSIONS: Successful neonatal intubation on a second attempt was more likely with a change in intubator, stylet use or ETT size.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Neonatal endotracheal tube (ETT) size recommendations are based on limited evidence. We sought to determine data-driven weight-based ETT sizes for infants undergoing tracheal intubation and to compare these with Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) recommendations. METHODS: Retrospective multicenter cohort study from an international airway registry. We evaluated ETT size changes (downsizing to a smaller ETT during the procedure or upsizing to a larger ETT within 7 days) and risk of procedural adverse outcomes associated with first-attempt ETT size selection when stratifying the cohort into 200 g subgroups. RESULTS: Of 7293 intubations assessed, the initial ETT was downsized in 5.0% of encounters and upsized within 7 days in 1.5%. ETT downsizing was most common when NRP-recommended sizes were attempted in the following weight subgroups: 1000 to 1199 g with a 3.0 mm (12.6%) and 2000 to 2199 g with a 3.5 mm (17.1%). For infants in these 2 weight subgroups, selection of ETTs 0.5 mm smaller than NRP recommendations was independently associated with lower odds of adverse outcomes compared with NRP-recommended sizes. Among infants weighing 1000 to 1199 g: any tracheal intubation associated event, 20.8% with 2.5 mm versus 21.9% with 3.0 mm (adjusted OR [aOR] 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.41-0.94); severe oxygen desaturation, 35.2% with 2.5 mm vs 52.9% with 3.0 mm (aOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.38-0.75). Among infants weighing 2000 to 2199 g: severe oxygen desaturation, 41% with 3.0 mm versus 56% with 3.5mm (aOR 0.55, 95% CI 0.34-0.89). CONCLUSIONS: For infants weighing 1000 to 1199 g and 2000 to 2199 g, the recommended ETT size was frequently downsized during the procedure, whereas 0.5 mm smaller ETT sizes were associated with fewer adverse events and were rarely upsized.
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Intubação Intratraqueal , Ressuscitação , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Estudos de Coortes , Intubação Intratraqueal/métodos , OxigênioRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between number of attempts and adverse events during neonatal intubation. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of prospectively collected data of intubations in the delivery room and NICU from the National Emergency Airway Registry for Neonates (NEAR4NEOS) in 17 academic centers from 1/2016 to 12/2019. We examined the association between tracheal intubation attempts [1, 2, and ≥3 (multiple attempts)] and clinical adverse outcomes (any tracheal intubation associated events (TIAE), severe TIAE, and severe oxygen desaturation). RESULTS: Of 7708 intubations, 1474 (22%) required ≥3 attempts. Patient, provider, and practice factors were associated with higher TI attempts. Increasing intubation attempts was independently associated with a higher risk for TIAE. The adjusted odds ratio for TIAE and severe oxygen desaturation were significantly higher in TIs with 2 and ≥3 attempts than with one attempt. CONCLUSION: The risk of adverse safety events during intubation increases with the number of intubation attempts.
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Intubação Intratraqueal , Oxigênio , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Intubação Intratraqueal/efeitos adversos , Sistema de Registros , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that videolaryngoscope use for tracheal intubations would differ across NICUs, be associated with higher first attempt success and lower adverse events. STUDY DESIGN: Data from the National Emergency Airway Registry for Neonates (01/2015 to 12/2017) included intubation with direct laryngoscope or videolaryngoscope. Primary outcome was first attempt success. Secondary outcomes were adverse tracheal intubation associated events and severe desaturation. RESULTS: Of 2730 encounters (13 NICUs), 626 (23%) utilized a videolaryngoscope (3% to 64% per site). Videolaryngoscope use was associated with higher first attempt success (p < 0.001), lower adverse tracheal intubation associated events (p < 0.001), but no difference in severe desaturation. After adjustment, videolaryngoscope use was not associated with higher first attempt success (OR:1.18, p = 0.136), but was associated with lower tracheal intubation associated events (OR:0.45, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Videolaryngoscope use is variable, not independently associated with higher first attempt success but associated with fewer tracheal intubation associated events.
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Laringoscópios , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Intubação Intratraqueal/efeitos adversos , Laringoscopia , Sistema de RegistrosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Neonatal tracheal intubation (TI) outcomes have been assessed by role, but training level may impact TI success and safety. Effect of physician training level (PTL) on the first-attempt success, adverse TI-associated events (TIAEs), and oxygen desaturation was assessed. METHODS: Prospective cohort study in 11 international NEAR4NEOS sites between October 2014 and December 2017. Primary TIs performed by pediatric/neonatal physicians were included. Univariable analysis evaluated association between PTL, patient/practice characteristics, and outcomes. Multivariable analysis with generalized estimating equation assessed for independent association between PTL and outcomes (first-attempt success, TIAEs, and oxygen desaturation ≥20%; attending as reference). RESULTS: Of 2,608 primary TIs, 1,298 were first attempted by pediatric/neonatal physicians. PTL was associated with patient age, weight, comorbidities, TI indication, difficult airway history, premedication, and device. First-attempt success rate differed across PTL (resident 23%, fellow 53%, and attending 60%; p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in TIAEs (resident 22%, fellow 20%, and attending 25%; p = 0.34). Desaturation occurred more frequently with residents (60%), compared to fellows and attendings (46 and 53%; p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, adjusted odds ratio of the first-attempt success was 0.18 (95% CI: 0.11-0.30) for residents and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.51-1.24) for fellows. PTL was not independently associated with adjusted odds of TIAEs or severe oxygen desaturation. CONCLUSION: Higher PTL was associated with increased first-attempt success but not TIAE/oxygen desaturation. Identifying strategies to decrease adverse events during neonatal TI remains critical.
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Intubação Intratraqueal , Médicos , Criança , Escolaridade , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Intubação Intratraqueal/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , Sistema de RegistrosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Intubations are frequently performed procedures in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) and delivery rooms (DR). Unsuccessful first attempts are common as are tracheal intubation-associated events (TIAEs) and severe desaturations. Stylets are often used during intubation, but their association with intubation outcomes is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To compare intubation success, rate of relevant TIAEs, and severe desaturations in neonates intubated with and without stylets. METHODS: Tracheal intubations of neonates in the NICU or DR from 16 centers between October 2014 and December 2018, performed by neonatology or pediatric providers, were collected from the NEAR4NEOs international registry. Primary oral intubations with a laryngoscope were included in the analysis. First-attempt success, the occurrence of relevant TIAEs, and severe oxygen desaturation (≥20% saturation drop from baseline) were compared between intubations performed with versus without a stylet. Logistic regression with generalized estimate equations was used to control for covariates and clustering by sites. RESULTS: Out of 5,292 primary oral intubations, 3,877 (73%) utilized stylets. Stylet use varied considerably across the centers with a range between 0.5 and 100%. Stylet use was not associated with first-attempt intubation success, esophageal intubation, mainstem intubation, or severe desaturations after controlling for confounders. Patient size was associated with these outcomes and much more predictive of success. CONCLUSIONS: Stylet use during neonatal intubation was not associated with higher first-attempt intubation success, fewer relevant TIAEs, or less severe desaturations. These data suggest that stylets can be used based on individual preference, but stylet use may not be associated with better intubation outcomes.
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Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Intubação Intratraqueal , Criança , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Intubação Intratraqueal/efeitos adversos , Modelos Logísticos , Sistema de RegistrosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Describe the current practice of family presence during neonatal tracheal intubations (TIs) across neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and examine the association with outcomes. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of TIs performed in NICUs participating in the National Emergency Airway Registry for Neonates (NEAR4NEOS). SETTING: Thirteen academic NICUs. PATIENTS: Infants undergoing TI between October 2014 and December 2017. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Association of family presence with TI processes and outcomes including first attempt success (primary outcome), success within two attempts, adverse TI-associated events (TIAEs) and severe oxygen desaturation ≥20% from baseline. RESULTS: Of the 2570 TIs, 242 (9.4%) had family presence, which varied by site (median 3.6%, range 0%-33%; p<0.01). Family member was more often present for older infants and those with chronic respiratory failure. Fewer TIs were performed by residents when family was present (FP 10% vs no FP 18%, p=0.041). Among TIs with family presence versus without family presence, the first attempt success rate was 55% vs 49% (p=0.062), success within two attempts was 74% vs 66% (p=0.014), adverse TIAEs were 18% vs 20% (p=0.62) and severe oxygen desaturation was 49% vs 52%, (p=0.40). In multivariate analyses, there was no independent association between family presence and intubation success, adverse TIAEs or severe oxygen desaturation. CONCLUSION: Family are present in less than 10% of TIs, with variation across NICUs. Even after controlling for important patient, provider and site factors, there were no significant associations between family presence and intubation success, adverse TIAEs or severe oxygen desaturation.
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Família/psicologia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/estatística & dados numéricos , Intubação Intratraqueal/estatística & dados numéricos , Centros Médicos Acadêmicos , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Intubação Intratraqueal/efeitos adversos , Intubação Intratraqueal/métodos , Masculino , Oximetria , Oxigênio/sangue , Estudos Prospectivos , Sistema de Registros , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Sepsis commonly brings patients to the emergency department (ED). Patient outcomes can vary widely. In some cases, rare complications of sepsis such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia can occur. CASE REPORT: A 68-year-old female presented with sepsis secondary to infected nephrolithiasis. The patient had signs and symptoms consistent with hemolysis upon arrival to the ED. Her hemolysis progressively worsened over a two-day period leading to a diagnosis of warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia. She responded well to treatment; however, her condition began to worsen due to a new infection caused by perforated colonic diverticula. The patient ultimately expired from complications of her perforated colonic diverticula. CONCLUSION: It is crucial that emergency physicians understand the risk factors, symptoms, pathophysiology, and treatment of this rare complication of sepsis so that favorable patient outcomes can be achieved.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of premedication for tracheal intubation (TI) on adverse TI associated events, severe oxygen desaturations, and first attempt success STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) participating in the National Emergency Airway Registry for Neonates from 10/2014 to 6/2017. Premedication for TI was categorized as sedation with neuromuscular blockade, sedation only, or no medication. RESULTS: 2260 TIs were reported from 11 NICUs. Adverse TI associated events occurred less often in sedation with neuromuscular blockade group (10%) as compared to sedation only (29%), or no medication group (23%), p < 0.001. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for adverse TI associated events were: sedation with neuromuscular blockade aOR 0.48 (95%CI 0.34-0.65, p < 0.001) compared to no medication. CONCLUSION: Use of sedation with neuromuscular blockade was associated with favorable TI outcomes. This study supports the recommendation for the standard use of sedation with neuromuscular blockade in non-emergency TIs.
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Intubação Intratraqueal/efeitos adversos , Bloqueio Neuromuscular/métodos , Pré-Medicação/métodos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Fentanila/administração & dosagem , Fentanila/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/administração & dosagem , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/estatística & dados numéricos , Intubação Intratraqueal/métodos , Midazolam/administração & dosagem , Midazolam/efeitos adversos , Morfina/administração & dosagem , Morfina/efeitos adversos , Entorpecentes/administração & dosagem , Entorpecentes/efeitos adversos , Bloqueio Neuromuscular/efeitos adversos , Consumo de Oxigênio/efeitos dos fármacos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Neonatal tracheal intubation is a critical but potentially dangerous procedure. We sought to characterize intubation practice and outcomes in the NICU and delivery room (DR) settings and to identify potentially modifiable factors to improve neonatal intubation safety. METHODS: We developed the National Emergency Airway Registry for Neonates and collected standardized data for patients, providers, practices, and outcomes of neonatal intubation. Safety outcomes included adverse tracheal intubation-associated events (TIAEs) and severe oxygen desaturation (≥20% decline in oxygen saturation). We examined the relationship between intubation characteristics and adverse events with univariable tests and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: We captured 2009 NICU intubations and 598 DR intubations from 10 centers. Pediatric residents attempted 15% of NICU and 2% of DR intubations. In the NICU, the first attempt success rate was 49%, adverse TIAE rate was 18%, and severe desaturation rate was 48%. In the DR, 46% of intubations were successful on the first attempt, with 17% TIAE rate and 31% severe desaturation rate. Site-specific TIAE rates ranged from 9% to 50% (P < .001), and severe desaturation rates ranged from 29% to 69% (P = .001). Practices independently associated with reduced TIAEs in the NICU included video laryngoscope (adjusted odds ratio 0.46, 95% confidence interval 0.28-0.73) and paralytic premedication (adjusted odds ratio 0.38, 95% confidence interval 0.25-0.57). CONCLUSIONS: We implemented a novel multisite neonatal intubation registry and identified potentially modifiable factors associated with adverse events. Our results will inform future interventional studies to improve neonatal intubation safety.
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Serviços Médicos de Emergência/métodos , Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/métodos , Internacionalidade , Intubação Intratraqueal/métodos , Sistema de Registros , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/tendências , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/tendências , Intubação Intratraqueal/tendências , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence, indicators and clinical impact of difficult tracheal intubations in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). DESIGN: Retrospective review of prospectively collected data on intubations performed in the NICU from the National Emergency Airway Registry for Neonates. SETTING: Ten academic NICUs. PATIENTS: Neonates intubated in the NICU at each of the sites between October 2014 and March 2017. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Difficult intubation was defined as one requiring three or more attempts by a non-resident provider. Patient (age, weight and bedside predictors of difficult intubation), practice (intubation method and medications used), provider (training level and profession) and outcome data (intubation attempts, adverse events and oxygen desaturations) were collected for each intubation. RESULTS: Out of 2009 tracheal intubations, 276 (14%) met the definition of difficult intubation. Difficult intubations were more common in neonates <32 weeks, <1500 g. The difficult intubation group had a 4.9 odds ratio (OR) for experiencing an adverse event and a 4.2 OR for severe oxygen desaturation. Bedside screening tests of difficult intubation lacked sensitivity (receiver operator curve 0.47-0.53). CONCLUSIONS: Difficult intubations are common in the NICU and are associated with adverse event and severe oxygen desaturation. Difficult intubations occur more commonly in small preterm infants. The occurrence of a difficult intubation in other neonates is hard to predict due to the lack of sensitivity of bedside screening tests.
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Competência Clínica , Emergências/epidemiologia , Hipóxia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Intubação Intratraqueal , Manuseio das Vias Aéreas/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Hipóxia/etiologia , Hipóxia/prevenção & controle , Incidência , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/normas , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/estatística & dados numéricos , Intubação Intratraqueal/efeitos adversos , Intubação Intratraqueal/métodos , Intubação Intratraqueal/normas , Intubação Intratraqueal/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Padrões de Prática Médica/normas , Melhoria de Qualidade/normas , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The nuclear receptors of the NR2E class play important roles in pattern formation and nervous system development. Based on a phylogenetic analysis of DNA-binding domains, we define two conserved groups of orthologous NR2E genes: the NR2E1 subclass, which includes C. elegans nhr-67, Drosophila tailless and dissatisfaction, and vertebrate Tlx (NR2E2, NR2E4, NR2E1), and the NR2E3 subclass, which includes C. elegans fax-1 and vertebrate PNR (NR2E5, NR2E3). PNR and Tll nuclear receptors have been shown to bind the hexamer half-site AAGTCA, instead of the hexamer AGGTCA recognized by most other nuclear receptors, suggesting unique DNA-binding properties for NR2E class members. RESULTS: We show that NR2E3 subclass member FAX-1, unlike NHR-67 and other NR2E1 subclass members, binds to hexamer half-sites with relaxed specificity: it will bind hexamers with the sequence ANGTCA, although it prefers a purine to a pyrimidine at the second position. We use site-directed mutagenesis to demonstrate that the difference between FAX-1 and NHR-67 binding preference is partially mediated by a conserved subclass-specific asparagine or aspartate residue at position 19 of the DNA-binding domain. This amino acid position is part of the "P box" that plays a critical role in defining binding site specificity and has been shown to make hydrogen-bond contacts to the second position of the hexamer in co-crystal structures for other nuclear receptors. The relaxed specificity allows FAX-1 to bind a much larger repertoire of half-sites than NHR-67. While NR2E1 class proteins bind both monomeric and dimeric sites, the NR2E3 class proteins bind only dimeric sites. The presence of a single strong site adjacent to a very weak site allows dimeric FAX-1 binding, further increasing the number of dimeric binding sites to which FAX-1 may bind in vivo. CONCLUSION: These findings identify subclass-specific DNA-binding specificities and dimerization properties for the NR2E1 and NR2E3 subclasses. For the NR2E1 protein NHR-67, Asp-19 permits binding to AAGTCA half-sites, while Asn-19 permits binding to AGGTCA half-sites. The apparent conservation of DNA-binding properties between vertebrate and nematode NR2E receptors allows for the possibility of evolutionarily-conserved regulatory patterns.
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Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , DNA de Helmintos/metabolismo , Receptores de Superfície Celular/metabolismo , Receptores Citoplasmáticos e Nucleares/metabolismo , Elementos de Resposta/fisiologia , Substituição de Aminoácidos , Animais , Asparagina/genética , Asparagina/metabolismo , Ácido Aspártico/genética , Ácido Aspártico/metabolismo , Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/classificação , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , DNA de Helmintos/genética , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína/fisiologia , Receptores de Superfície Celular/classificação , Receptores de Superfície Celular/genética , Receptores Citoplasmáticos e Nucleares/classificação , Receptores Citoplasmáticos e Nucleares/genética , Alinhamento de Sequência , Homologia de Sequência de AminoácidosRESUMO
The goal of this study was to pilot a novel peer-to-peer nurse-physician collaboration program and assess for changes in attitudes toward collaboration among a group of newly licensed nurses and resident physicians (n = 39). The program included large group meetings, with discussion of key concepts related to interprofessional collaboration. In unit-based teams, the registered nurses and physicians developed a quality improvement project to meet a need on their unit. Creating learning activities like this program enable nursing professional development specialists to promote interprofessional collaboration and learning.
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Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Relações Interprofissionais , Relações Médico-Enfermeiro , Adulto , Comunicação , Comportamento Cooperativo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Médicos , Local de Trabalho/psicologia , Local de Trabalho/normasRESUMO
PROBLEM: Health professions education (HPE) has become a core component of the mission of academic health centers (AHCs) nationwide. The volume of HPE research projects being reviewed has increased, presenting new challenges for institutional review boards (IRBs). As HPE research becomes increasingly sophisticated in its design and methods, IRBs and researchers alike have a duty to better understand its unique characteristics. Researchers must be better able to conceptualize and describe their research to IRBs, and IRBs should be able to provide timely review and assure protection of research subjects (or participants). APPROACH: The creation of HPE research-specific IRB templates may be one way to improve the interactions between education researchers and IRBs. This report describes the development and early implementation of an HPE research-specific IRB template at Duke University from 2013 to 2014. OUTCOMES: Early adopters have noted increased ease of preparation and submission, while IRB staff have reported improved proposal clarity and more attention to protecting learners as research participants. Focus during educational or training sessions about the new template has shifted-from merely a description of the new submission process to a more comprehensive education series that includes discussion of regulatory definitions, examination of case studies, and opportunity for audience feedback. NEXT STEPS: Continued collection of quantitative and qualitative data regarding the implementation of this IRB template will help its developers more precisely describe its effects on HPE research projects. Formalizing and streamlining the interactions between HPE researchers and IRBs is an important goal for all AHCs.