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1.
Dev Med Child Neurol ; 63(12): 1410-1416, 2021 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34109620

RESUMO

AIM: To examine parental concerns about children at increased familial risk (i.e. high risk) of developing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in early infancy. METHOD: ASD-related and general parental concerns were prospectively collected for 76 infants at ages 1.5, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months. Outcome classification was determined at 36 months. Analyses included generalized linear mixed models and qualitative evaluation of parental concerns in relation to risk status (high vs low risk) and outcome classification within the high-risk group (atypically developing vs typically developing) over time. RESULTS: Most parents had no concerns at 1.5 (high risk 71%, low risk 87%) and 3 months (high risk 77%, low risk 86%). Beginning at 6 months, parents of high-risk infants reported more ASD-related (p<0.001) and general concerns (p=0.003) than parents of low-risk infants. Beginning at 12 months, parents of high-risk atypically developing infants reported more ASD-related concerns than parents of high-risk typically developing infants (p=0.013). INTERPRETATION: Clinicians should elicit parental concerns and provide support, as parents are worried about their high-risk infants by age 6 months. Additionally, parents' abilities to identify concerns that are suggestive of ASD by age 12 months may aid in earlier screening and intervention. What this paper adds Most parents did not report concerns during early infancy. By 6 months, parents of high-risk infants reported autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-related and general concerns. By 12 months, parents of high-risk atypically developing infants identified ASD-related concerns.


Assuntos
Ansiedade/psicologia , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/diagnóstico , Pais/psicologia , Fatores Etários , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/psicologia , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco
4.
Autism ; 19(2): 168-77, 2015 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24353275

RESUMO

In order to evaluate evidence for the social-cognitive theory of joint attention, we examined relations between initiation of and response to joint attention at 12 and 18 months of age and pragmatic and structural language approximately 6 years later among children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Initiation of joint attention at 18 months was associated with structural, but not pragmatic, language for children with and without autism spectrum disorder. School-age children with autism exhibited difficulties with structural and pragmatic language relative to non-autistic siblings of children with autism and low-risk controls. No evidence of the broader autism phenotype was observed. These findings do not support the social-cognitive theory of joint attention.


Assuntos
Atenção , Transtorno Autístico/psicologia , Idioma , Fatores Etários , Criança , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Irmãos/psicologia
5.
J Autism Dev Disord ; 44(2): 381-93, 2014 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23820765

RESUMO

Temperament atypicalities have been documented in infancy and early development in children who develop autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The current study investigates whether there are differences in developmental trajectories of temperament between infants and toddlers with and without ASD. Parents of infant siblings of children with autism completed the Carey Temperament Scales about their child at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months of age. Temperament trajectories of children with ASD reflected increases over time in activity level, and decreasing adaptability and approach behaviors relative to high-risk typically developing (TD) children. This study is the first to compare temperament trajectories between high-risk TD infants and infants subsequently diagnosed with ASD in the developmental window when overt symptoms of ASD first emerge.


Assuntos
Transtorno Autístico/psicologia , Pais , Irmãos , Temperamento , Transtorno Autístico/diagnóstico , Criança , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino
6.
Acad Med ; 89(12): 1599-602, 2014 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25093382

RESUMO

There are about 1.8 million young immigrants in the United States who came or were brought to the country without documentation before the age of 16. These youth have been raised and educated in the United States and have aspirations and educational achievements similar to those of their native-born peers. However, their undocumented status has hindered their pursuit of higher education, especially in medical and other graduate health sciences. Under a new discretionary policy, Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), many of these young immigrants are eligible to receive permission to reside and work in the United States. DACA defers deportation of eligible, undocumented youth and grants lawful presence in the United States, work permits, Social Security numbers, and, in most states, driver's licenses. These privileges have diminished the barriers undocumented students traditionally have faced in obtaining higher education, specifically in pursuing medicine. With the advent of DACA, students are slowly matriculating into U.S. medical schools and residencies. However, this applicant pool remains largely untapped. In the face of a physician shortage and the implementation of the Affordable Care Act, an increase in matriculation of qualified undocumented students would be greatly beneficial. This Perspective is intended to begin discussion within the academic medicine community of the implications of DACA in reducing barriers for the selection and matriculation of undocumented medical students and residents. Moreover, this Perspective is a call to peers in the medical community to support undocumented students seeking access to medical school, residency, and other health professions.


Assuntos
Educação de Graduação em Medicina/métodos , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/educação , Emigração e Imigração/legislação & jurisprudência , Médicos/provisão & distribuição , Faculdades de Medicina , Escolha da Profissão , Humanos , Área Carente de Assistência Médica , Critérios de Admissão Escolar , Estados Unidos
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