[Comparison on metabolic disorders and uric acid levels between patients with primary aldosteronism and essential hypertension].

Objective: To compare the incidence of metabolic disorders and uric acid (UA) levels between patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) and essential hypertension (EH), and to explore factors associated with UA levels in these patients. Methods: A total of 117 PA and 117 EH patients individually matched by sex, age, blood pressure and duration of hypertension were recruited from in-hospital patients who were hospitalized in our department because of suspicion of secondary hypertension from January 2008 to December 2014. Clinical data including metabolic disorders and UA levels were analyzed. Results: (1) Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, plasma triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), free fatty acid (FFA) were significantly higher in EH than in PA group (all P<0.05). Prevalence of diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance (DM+ IGT) was significantly higher in EH than in PA group (41.9% (49/117) vs. 17.1% (20/117), P<0.01). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) was also significantly higher in EH than in PA group (51.3% (60/117) vs. 24.8% (29/117), P<0.01). (2) EH patients had higher homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and lower insulin sensitivity index composite (ISI comp) than PA patients, but basic insulin secretion index (HOMA-ß) and modified ß cell function index (MBCI) were significantly lower in PA than in EH group (P<0.05). (3) With regard to target organs damages, PA patients revealed higher 24-hour urinary protein, urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER), urinary IgG, urinary α-1 microglobulin, left ventricular mass index and lower urine specific gravity than EH patients (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between two groups (P=0.103). (4) UA level was significantly lower in PA group than in EH group ((314.00±89.52) µmol/L vs. (379.16±101.25) µmol/L, P<0.01). Higher plasma aldosterone concentration and lower plasma renin activity were associated with lower UA level in PA group. Conclusions: Compared with sex, age and hypertension duration matched EH patients, PA patients revealed lower UA level and less severe abnormalities of glucose and lipid metabolism, but are associated with severer renal and cardiac damages. The reduced UA level in PA patients is possibly due to the high plasma aldosterone concentration and low plasma renin activity.

Association of vitamin D receptor BsmI gene polymorphism with risk of low bone mineral density in post-menopausal women: a meta-analysis.

The vitamin D receptor BsmI gene polymorphism is reportedly associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women, but results from previous studies are conflicting. In the present study, we investigated the association between this polymorphism and the risk of low BMD through a meta-analysis of published studies. A literature search of the Pubmed, Embase, and CNKI databases from inception through July 2013 was conducted. The meta-analysis was performed using the STATA 12.0 software. Crude odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the strength of any association. Eleven case-control studies were included for a total of 1468 low BMD cases and 2177 healthy controls. No significant variation in low BMD risk was detected in any of the genetic models. Further stratified analyses were performed to examine the effect of ethnicity. In the subgroup analysis, no significant association was found in Caucasians and in Asians. The meta-analysis results suggest that the BsmI polymorphism is not associated with low BMD risk in postmenopausal women.

[Influence of sleep fragmentation in infancy and toddler period on emotional and behavioral problem at the age of 6 years: a birth cohort study].

Objective: To investigate the influence of sleep fragmentation in infancy and toddler period on emotional and behavioral problems at the age of 6 years. Methods: Using a prospective cohort design, 262 children were extracted from mother-child birth cohort recruited from May 2012 to July 2013 in Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Children's sleep and physical activities were assessed using actigraphy at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months of age, from which the sleep fragmentation index (FI) at each follow-up point was calculated. Children's emotional and behavioral problems at 6 years of age were assessed using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Group-based trajectory model was applied to determine sleep FI in infancy and toddler period trajectory groups with Bayesian information criteria being used to determine the best fitting model. Children's emotional and behavioral problems between groups were examined with independent t test and linear regression models, etc. Results: A total of 177 children, with 91 boys and 86 girls, were included in the final analysis and were divided into 2 groups: high FI group (n=30) and low FI group (n=147). Compared with children in the low FI group, those in the high FI group presents with higher total difficulties score and higher hyperactivity or inattention score ((11.0±4.9) vs. (8.9±4.1), (4.9±2.7) vs. (3.7±2.3) scores, t=2.17, 2.23, both P<0.05, respectively), with the differences remaining significant after adjusting for covariates (t=2.08, 2.09, both P<0.05 respectively). Conclusion: High sleep fragmentation in infancy and toddler period is associated with more emotional and behavioral problems, especially hyperactivity or inattention problems, at 6 years of age.

LncRNA PAPAS aggravates the progression of gastric cancer through regulating miRNA-188-5p.

Since this paper presents several inaccuracies and mistakes, the article "LncRNA PAPAS aggravates the progression of gastric cancer through regulating miRNA-188-5p, by X. Shi, X. You, W.-C. Zeng, Y.-J. Deng, H.-L. Hong, O.-X. Huang, M.-F. Wang, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 23 (24): 10761-10768-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201912_19778-PMID: 31858543" has been withdrawn. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/19778.

HLA-B*15 subtypes distribution in Han population in Beijing, China, as compared with those of other populations.

To identify HLA-B*15 subtypes distribution in Han population in Beijing, People's Republic of China, 826 unrelated healthy individuals were typed using the polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing method. Within the 246 HLA-B*15 positive individuals, 29 HLA-B*15 alleles were identified, the most predominant of which is B*1501 (40.07%), followed by B*1502 (12.87%), B*1511 (12.87%), B*1518 (9.19%) and B*1532 (3.31%). The distribution of HLA-B*15 subtype frequencies was compared between the Beijing Han, eight other Chinese ethnic minorities and six Chinese populations covering the mainland of China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore. A neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree was constructed and revealed that the Beijing Han population clustered into the northern populations group and had a closer relationship with northern Han and Hui than with southern Han or other ethnic minorities. These results thus provide useful information that can be used in anthropology, selection for bone marrow transplantation as well as in disease-association study, such as in carbamazepine (CBZ)-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.

Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis with lungs and liver involved.

We describe a 56-year-old man with a 2-year history of papulonodules, pruritic and painful on palpation, on the head, trunk, limbs, buttocks and scrotum and a 1.5-year history of rheumatoid arthritis-like joint changes. Biopsies from the nodules on the head and left elbow revealed multinucleated giant cells with eosinophilic 'ground-glass' cytoplasm. Computed tomography revealed that there were scattered nodules in the liver and both lungs. Biopsies taken from nodules in the right lung and liver were consistent with multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. The widely scattered cutaneous papulonodules and the generalized systemic involvement make this patient interesting, and the condition should be differentiated from other diseases in clinicopathological practice.

LncRNA PAPAS aggravates the progression of gastric cancer through regulating miRNA-188-5p.

OBJECTIVE: To uncover the biological effect of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) PAPAS on the progression of gastric cancer (GC) by mediating microRNA-188-5p (miRNA-188-5p) level. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The relative level of PAPAS was determined in GC tissues and cell lines by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). The Kaplan-Meier method was introduced to assess the prognostic potential of PAPAS in the overall survival of GC patients. Regulatory effects of PAPAS on proliferative, migratory, and invasive abilities of HGC-27 and AGS cells were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), transwell, and wound closure assay, respectively. Subsequently, the binding relation between PAPAS and miRNA-188-5p was verified by the Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Correlation between expression levels of PAPAS and miRNA-188-5p in GC tissues was explored. Finally, rescue experiments were conducted to uncover the role of PAPAS/miRNA-188-5p axis in the progression of GC. RESULTS: PAPAS was upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines compared to controls. GC patients expressing a high level of PAPAS suffered worse prognosis relative to those with low level. The silence of PAPAS remarkably attenuated proliferative, migratory, and invasive abilities of HGC-27 cells. Overexpression of PAPAS in AGS cells obtained the opposite trends. MiRNA-188-5p was the direct target of PAPAS, which was negatively regulated by PAPAS. MiRNA-188-5p was able to reverse the regulatory effects of PA-PAS on proliferative, migratory, and invasive abilities of GC cells. CONCLUSIONS: LncRNA PAPAS is upregulated in GC and closely related to lymphatic metastasis, distant metastasis, and poor prognosis of GC patients. PAPAS aggravate the malignant progression of GC by negatively regulating the miRNA-188-5p level.

Knockdown of LINC00461 inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in gastric cancer by targeting LSD1.

OBJECTIVE: To uncover the function of LINC00461 in regulating cellular behaviors of gastric cancer (GC) via targeting LSD1. PATIENTS AND METHODS: LINC00461 level in GC tissues with different tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging and lymphatic metastasis statues was determined by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). In vitro influences of LINC00461 on proliferative and apoptotic rates were evaluated in AGS and SGC-7901 cells. The interaction between LINC00461 and LSD1 was explored by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay and qRT-PCR. Finally, the potential role of LSD1 in the proliferative ability of GC cells mediated by LINC00461 was assessed. RESULTS: LINC00461 level was higher in GC tissues relative to matched control ones. It was positively correlated to TNM staging and lymphatic metastasis of GC. Knockdown of LINC00461 markedly attenuated viability and the proliferative ability of AGS and SGC-7901 cells, but induced apoptosis. RIP assay demonstrated the interaction between LINC00461 and LSD1. Moreover, LSD1 could reverse the regulatory effect of LINC00461 on the proliferative ability of GC cells. CONCLUSIONS: LINC00461 is upregulated in GC, which is positively related to TNM staging and lymphatic metastasis. LINC00461 mediates proliferation and apoptosis of GC cells, thereafter aggravating the progression of GC.

Effects of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) on INSL3 mRNA expression by Leydig cells derived from mouse embryos and in newborn mice.

Insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) regulates testicular descent during fetal life, and Insl3 gene inactivation results in cryptorchidism. Little is known, however, about whether the plasticizer diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), a contaminant found widely in the environment, influences INSL3 expression. In this study, primary cultures of Leydig cells from mouse embryos were treated in vitro with DEHP. We also treated pregnant mice with DEHP from gestation day 12 to postnatal day 3 in order to study the effect of DEHP in vivo. INSL3 mRNA expression levels in primary Leydig cell cultures and in the testes of newborn mice were significantly lower following DEHP treatment. DEHP also caused detrimental morphological changes in both primary cultures of Leydig cells and the testes of newborn mice. These results suggest that the downregulation of INSL3 mRNA by DEHP might cause abnormalities of gubernacular development, which might be one of the mechanisms for development of cryptorchidism.

Gene profiling involved in immature CD4+ T lymphocyte responsible for systemic lupus erythematosus.

We attempted to characterize the genes expression of CD4+ T lymphocytes for the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Genomewide gene expression profiles of CD4+ T cells, which were isolated from the disease severe activity (T4-1s) and nonactivity (T4-2s) with an SLE patient by using long serial analysis of gene expression (LongSAGE). We picked out 289 genes matching to Unigene cluster with different expression more than four copies between T4-1s and T4-2s libraries and analyzed their roles from the collectedly published articles of PubMed by genes functional clustering. The genes functions were related to a diverse cellular process including: (1) most of these genes were associated with CD4+ T cells functions, particularly related to cellular developments; (2) Ras pathway genes as RANBP10, GMIP, RASGRP2 and ARL5 might be responsible for the abnormal development of CD4+ T cells of SLE; (3) HIG2, TCF7, KHSRP, WWP1, SMAD3, TLK2, AES, CCNI and PIM2 belong to Wnt/beta-catenin way, they could play roles in modulating proliferation and differentiation of T lymphocytes; (4) uncertain viral infections may initiate autoimmunity because high levels expression genes were detected in T4-1s such as TRIM22, IER2, ABCE1, DUT, G1P2, G1P3, HNRPUL1, EVER2, IFNAR1, TNFSF14, TMP21 and PVRL2; and (5) apoptosis relating genes as EIF3S8, SH3BGRL3, GPX4, TOSO, PFDN5, BIN1, XIAPAF1, TEGT and CUGBP2 may contribute to over uploading of selfantigens in SLE cells. Abnormalities findings of multiple genes expression involving with a variety of CD4+ T cells process might be meaningful to understanding the pathogenesis of SLE, and immature CD4+ T cells may be responsible for SLE.

[Investigation of dose-dependent association between bedtime routines and sleep outcomes in infants and toddlers].

Objective: To investigate the current bedtime routine among Chinese children less than 3 years of age and explore its dose-dependent association with sleep duration and sleep quality. Method: Healthy full-term born children aged 0-35 months were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method from 8 provinces in China following the "Hospital of Province-City-County" sampling technical route during 2012-2013.Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire(BISQ) was used to assess sleep conditions of these children.Children's personal and family information was obtained by Shanghai Children's Medical Center Socio-demographic Questionnaire.Both of these questionnaires were filled in by parents. The effects of bedtime routine on children's sleep duration and quality were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance. Result: The children's average age was(12±10) months(n=1 304), of whom 689 were males (52.8%, 689/1 304). There were 48.5%(632/1 304)of the parents reported that their children had not established regular sleep routines. There was a consistent dose-dependent association between bedtime routine and sleep duration, as well as other indicators for sleep quality (all P<0.05). The more regular the sleep routines, the longer the sleep duration, the earlier the children went to sleep, the shorter the sleep onset latency, the fewer the nighttime wakeup and the shorter the nighttime waking.The nighttime sleep duration was significantly longer for those with a bedtime routine 'every night' than those who 'never' had a bedtime routine (9.5(95%CI: 9.4-9.6)vs. 8.9(95%CI: 8.6-9.3)h, t=3.345, P=0.001). Compared with children who never had bedtime routines, children with regular bedtime routines had fewer night wakeup (1.3(95%CI: 1.2-1.4) vs. 2.4( 95%CI: 2.0-2.9), t=3.182, P=0.001) and shorter night waking duration(16.6(95%CI: 14.6-18.8) vs. 59.2 (95%CI: 47.0-72.7)min, t=6.383, P<0.01). Conclusion: The percentage of children who have established regular bedtime routine is low in China. There is significant dose-dependent association between regular bedtime routine and sleep outcomes, especially sleep quality. The more regular the sleep routines, the better the sleep quality.

Surface modification of liposomes for cardiomyocytes targeting in vitro.

The effect of novel 3-{4-[2-hydroxyl-(1-methyl ethylamine) propyl oxygen]phenyl}propionic acid cetylester (PAC) as a surface modification ligand on the delivery of liposomes into cultured cardiomyocytes was investigated. Small unilamellar liposomes with and without PAC (PAC-liposome and Plain-liposome) were labeled with a fluorescence marker. The cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes were incubated with liposomes under normoxia or hypoxia conditions, and then the cell-associated fluorescence was measured. A high affinity of the PAC-liposomes to cardiomyocytes was observed. The amount of cell uptake of PAC-liposomes under normoxia conditions was 4-fold higher than that of plain-liposome, and the increase was 8.5-fold when hypoxia occured. The results suggested that PAC is a potential surface modification ligand for liposome targeting the ischemic myocardium.

Enhanced oral bioavailability of breviscapine after encapsulation in a liposomal formulation.

This report firstly describes the pharmacokinetic study of liposomal breviscapine (LB) after oral administration in rats. The mean Cmax and AUC(0-->t) of LB were 3.3 and 3.1-fold higher than those of breviscapine solution (BS). The oral absorption of breviscapine was significantly increased after encapsulation in the liposomal formulation.

Uptake of liposomes by cultured cardiomyocytes.

Small unilamellar liposomes (SUV) of different phospholipid/polymer composition were labeled with NBD-PC, which served as a bilayersituated fluorescence marker. Neonatal cardiomyocytes were incubated with liposomes and then the cell-associated fluorescence was measured. The factors influencing the liposome uptake by cardiomyocytes such as concentration of lipid, time of incubation, membrane fluidity of liposomes, charge lipid/polymer modification of liposomes and anoxia of cultured cardiomyocytes were investigated. The liposome uptake by cardiomyocytes increased dose-dependently and time-dependently. Liposome uptake was strongly influenced by the electrical charge and modified polymer. After 2 h incubation, the uptake of positively charged liposomes was 1.7-fold higher than that of negatively charged one and both higher than that of the neutral one. The presence of PE-PEG2000 distinctly reduced the liposome uptake and the difference between the uptake of charged and neutral liposome. Anoxia increased the uptake of liposome at the first hour (increased 20%), but after 2 h incubation the liposome uptake by hypoxia cellswas less than that of normoxia cells (decreased 18%). Mechanisms involved are also discussed.