Skene's Gland Cyst - Case Report of a 2-Year-Old Girl.

BACKGROUND: Skene's glands are the two largest paraurethral glands and the female homologue to the prostate glands. When their ducts become obstructed, cysts may be formed. This usually occurs in adult women. Most cases reported in pediatrics are neonatal, with a single report in a prepubertal girl. CASE REPORT: We present a 25-month-old girl with a 7 mm nontender, solid, oval, pink-orange paraurethral mass, with no change over a five-month period. Histopathology revealed the cyst to be lined with transitional epithelium consistent with a Skene's gland cyst. The child did well with no sequalae. CONCLUSION: We describe a Skene's gland cyst found in a prepubertal child.

Quality of Life in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Cross-sectional Study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the associations among and contributions of sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological variables to quality of life (QoL) related to diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs; DFUQoL). METHODS: The sample comprised 70 patients with DFUs who answered the following questionnaires: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Illness Perception Questionnaire-Brief, Diabetic Foot Ulcer-Short Form, Medical Term Recognition test, and a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire. Pearson and biserial correlation coefficients, hierarchical regressions, and moderation analyses were conducted to study the relationships among variables. RESULTS: The results showed that a large DFU, threatening representations about DFU, and more psychological distress were associated with lower DFUQoL. Also, more psychological distress, more threatening DFU representations, and taking antibiotics contributed to worse DFUQoL. Clinically significant levels of psychological distress moderated the relationship between the DFU extent and negative emotions. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that QoL and its domains were associated with psychological distress and that QoL was more influenced by DFU representations than by a larger-sized wound, emphasizing the importance of psychological interventions in the treatment of patients with DFUs.

Empirical Evaluation of a 3D Virtual Simulator of Hysteroscopy Using Leap Motion for Gestural Interfacing.

Surgical training using 3D virtual reality simulators has become an important routine in medical education. Recent research points to Leap Motion as an exciting interface for the control of virtual surgical instruments due to its simplicity and low-cost characteristics. However, previous studies using Leap Motion only evaluated movements of the whole hand, without considering individual finger movements during the manipulation of surgical instruments. This work investigates the use of Leap Motion as an interface for the capture of basic hand and finger movements during a simulated hysteroscopy using a 3D-printed hysteroscope model. We created a virtual simulated uterine environment containing a hysteroscope controlled by movements of the hand and fingers of a user actuating on a 3D-printed model hysteroscope. The model hysteroscope was positioned in a pivot basis allowing the capture of the following basic movements: leftward/rightward, upward/downward, forward/backward, and extrusion/retraction of the virtual resection loop (which rests on the end of the virtual virtual resectoscope). The findings indicate that the arc-shaped paths of the hysteroscope's alpha plane (rightward/leftward) and beta plane (upward/downward) movements are satisfactorily simulated by the virtual reality system. Using Intraclass Correlation, was noted that the similarity between the calculated (ideal standard) and measured arcs was highly significant on both planes (r = 0.9599 on the alpha plane, and r = 0.9208 on the beta plane). Also, the forward/backward trajectory is a straight line; the pinch gesture decreases its accuracy when increase its distance from the Interaction Box of Leap Motion. The results were satisfactorily since compared with previous works, which used Leap Motion for the capture of hands-free gesturing.

Steroid hormone signaling is essential to regulate innate immune cells and fight bacterial infection in Drosophila.

Coupling immunity and development is essential to ensure survival despite changing internal conditions in the organism. Drosophila metamorphosis represents a striking example of drastic and systemic physiological changes that need to be integrated with the innate immune system. However, nothing is known about the mechanisms that coordinate development and immune cell activity in the transition from larva to adult. Here, we reveal that regulation of macrophage-like cells (hemocytes) by the steroid hormone ecdysone is essential for an effective innate immune response over metamorphosis. Although it is generally accepted that steroid hormones impact immunity in mammals, their action on monocytes (e.g. macrophages and neutrophils) is still not well understood. Here in a simpler model system, we used an approach that allows in vivo, cell autonomous analysis of hormonal regulation of innate immune cells, by combining genetic manipulation with flow cytometry, high-resolution time-lapse imaging and tissue-specific transcriptomic analysis. We show that in response to ecdysone, hemocytes rapidly upregulate actin dynamics, motility and phagocytosis of apoptotic corpses, and acquire the ability to chemotax to damaged epithelia. Most importantly, individuals lacking ecdysone-activated hemocytes are defective in bacterial phagocytosis and are fatally susceptible to infection by bacteria ingested at larval stages, despite the normal systemic and local production of antimicrobial peptides. This decrease in survival is comparable to the one observed in pupae lacking immune cells altogether, indicating that ecdysone-regulation is essential for hemocyte immune functions and survival after infection. Microarray analysis of hemocytes revealed a large set of genes regulated at metamorphosis by EcR signaling, among which many are known to function in cell motility, cell shape or phagocytosis. This study demonstrates an important role for steroid hormone regulation of immunity in vivo in Drosophila, and paves the way for genetic dissection of the mechanisms at work behind steroid regulation of innate immune cells.

Flexural bond strength of repaired composite resin restorations: influence of surface treatments and aging.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of storage in deionized water at room temperature, for seven days and six months, on the flexural strength of a repaired photocured microhybrid composite resin, using different surface treatments. After each surface treatment, the adhesive interface was analyzed with a surface roughness tester. The flexural strength of samples from each group was determined by three-point bending in a testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min with a 50 N load cell. Data were analyzed using ANOVA (p=0.0001) and compared with the Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test. It was verified that flexural strength of the unrepaired specimens, after both seven days and six months, was similar (p>0.05) and was in accordance with ISO specifications (minimum of 50 MPa), with values ranging from 52-63 MPa. The authors concluded that the use of an unfilled resin agent is necessary prior to the repair to increase the adhesive strength. Further, the use of a silane agent prior to use of the unfilled resin agent is unnecessary, since it does not increase the adhesive strength.

[Epidemiology of Internet Use by an Adolescent Population and its Relation with Sleep Habits]. / Epidemiologia do Uso de Internet numa População Adolescente e Sua Relação com Hábitos de Sono.

INTRODUCTION: In the last decades, the great technological development increased Internet popularity, emerging the concern about its overuse. The objectives of this study were to assess and characterize Internet use in adolescence, determine Internet addiction and clarify its association with sleep disorders and excessive daytime sleepiness. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It was performed an observational, cross sectional and community-based study. The target were students attending 7th and 8th grades, to whom was applied an online self-report questionnaire to assess sociodemographic features, Internet use, Internet dependence, sleep characteristics and excessive daytime sleepiness. RESULTS: A total of 727 adolescents were included with a mean age 13 ± 0.9 years. Three-quarters of teenagers use Internet daily and 41% do it for three or more hours/day, mainly at home. The phone and laptop were the main devices used. Online games and social networks use were the main activities performed. Internet dependence was observed in 19% of adolescents, and it was associated with male gender, social networks use, mainly Twitter and Instagram use, self-perceived sleep problems, initial and middle insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: The results confirm the highlight that Internet has in adolescents routine, who prioritize in their use access to social networks and online games, using single devices, less subject to parental control. CONCLUSION: The Internet addiction rate observed and its association with sleep alterations and daytime sleepiness emphasizes the importance of this issue.

Introdução: A grande evolução tecnológica das últimas décadas tornou a Internet cada vez mais popular, sendo crescente a preocupação com a sua utilização excessiva. Foram objetivos do presente trabalho aferir e caracterizar o uso de Internet na adolescência, determinar a dependência de Internet e estabelecer a sua associação com alterações do sono e sonolência diurna excessiva. Material e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de base comunitária, observacional e transversal dirigido a adolescentes a frequentar o sétimo e oitavo ano de escolaridade. Recorreu-se a um questionário de autopreenchimento online, para aferir características sociodemográficas, uso e dependência de Internet, características do sono e sonolência diurna excessiva. Resultados: Foram incluídos 727 adolescentes com idade média de 13 ± 0,9 anos. Três quartos dos adolescentes usa a Internet diariamente e 41% fá-lo durante três ou mais horas/dia, maioritariamente em casa. O telemóvel e o computador portátil são os principais dispositivos utilizados. Os jogos online e o uso das redes sociais são das principais atividades realizadas. A dependência de Internet foi observada em 19% dos adolescentes, associando-se ao género masculino, à utilização de redes sociais, o Twitter e Instagram, à autopercepção de problemas de sono, insónia inicial e intermédia e sonolência diurna excessiva (p < 0,05). Discussão: Os resultados reiteram o destaque que a Internet tem na rotina dos adolescentes, que priorizam o seu uso no acesso a redes sociais e jogos online, fazendo-o com dispositivos de uso individual, menos passíveis de controlo parental. Conclusão: A dependência de Internet verificada e associação com alterações do sono e sonolência diurna excessiva enfatiza a relevância desta problemática.

Salmonella serovars isolated from humans in São Paulo State, Brazil, 1996-2003.

Salmonellosis remains an important cause of diarrheal illness in humans in São Paulo State, Brazil. In this study were identified 3554 Salmonella isolates from human infections, during the period 1996-2003. Among 68 different serovars determined, S. Enteritidis was the most frequent one in gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal infections accounting for 67.4% of all isolates. S. Typhimurium and S. enterica subsp. enterica (4,5,12:i:-) were most frequently isolated from children aged < 1-4 year-old, in contrast, people with S. Enteritidis infections were most likely to be 20-50 year-old. In our geographic area the continued laboratorial surveillance of salmonellosis, including serotyping, has showed the trends in Salmonella serovars causing infections in humans throughout the time.

Dilp8 requires the neuronal relaxin receptor Lgr3 to couple growth to developmental timing.

How different organs in the body sense growth perturbations in distant tissues to coordinate their size during development is poorly understood. Here we mutate an invertebrate orphan relaxin receptor gene, the Drosophila Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 3 (Lgr3), and find body asymmetries similar to those found in insulin-like peptide 8 (dilp8) mutants, which fail to coordinate growth with developmental timing. Indeed, mutation or RNA intereference (RNAi) against Lgr3 suppresses the delay in pupariation induced by imaginal disc growth perturbation or ectopic Dilp8 expression. By tagging endogenous Lgr3 and performing cell type-specific RNAi, we map this Lgr3 activity to a new subset of CNS neurons, four of which are a pair of bilateral pars intercerebralis Lgr3-positive (PIL) neurons that respond specifically to ectopic Dilp8 by increasing cAMP-dependent signalling. Our work sheds new light on the function and evolution of relaxin receptors and reveals a novel neuroendocrine circuit responsive to growth aberrations.

Unidentified serogroups of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) associated with diarrhoea in infants in Londrina, Parana, Brazil.

Digoxigenin-labelled DNA probes were used to characterise enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) isolated in Londrina (Brazil) from faeces samples of 102 children with diarrhoea, and the results were compared with those obtained by serogrouping and adherence to HEp-2 cells. The probes employed detect the gene coding EPEC adherence factor (EAF) and the virulence genes for bundle-forming pilus (bfp) and entero-attaching-effacing (eae) factor. Twenty-one isolates hybridised with at least one probe, and 11 of them were classified as typical EPEC because they hybridised with all three probes, showed a pattern of localised adherence (LA) and carried no genes for enterotoxins (ST and LT) or invasion as detected by PCR. Six of the typical EPEC strains belonged to the classical serotype 0119:H6 and one to O111:H6; O antigens could not be determined in four strains with antisera against 01-0173. All typical EPEC strains carried a 70-MDa plasmid plus two other large plasmids. These data showed that typical EPEC virulence traits may be found in strains not belonging to classical serogroups/serotypes and that molecular identification is required for studying the epidemiology of diarrhoea in children.

Acute peripheral facial palsy after chickenpox: a rare association.

Chickenpox, resulting from primary infection by the varicella-zoster virus, is an exanthematous disease very common during childhood and with good prognosis. However, serious complications, namely, neurological syndromes, may develop during its course, especially in risk groups, including adolescents. Peripheral facial palsy is a rare neurologic complication that has been previously described. Conclusion. We report the case of a teenager with peripheral facial palsy as a complication of chickenpox, aiming to increase the awareness of this rare association.

Follicular bronchiolitis: A rare cause of persistent atelectasis in children.

Although atelectasis is common in children, its persistence or refractoriness to treatment should lead prompt evaluation to identify causal mechanism. We describe the case of a child presenting in first year of life with persistent left upper lobe atelectasis, recurrent wheezing and respiratory infections refractory to medical therapy, submitted to partial lobectomy when he was 3 years old age. Histopathological examination revealed follicular bronchiolitis. Systemic underlying diseases were excluded. Clinical improvement was initially achieved using inhaled corticosteroids, but oral therapy was needed due to clinical relapse, with favorable response. Follicular bronchiolitis, a rare pulmonary primary lymphoid lesion, consists of numerous reactive lymphoid follicles in a peribonchiolar distribution. Its precise cause is unknown, particularly in children, in which few cases have been reported. Treatment usually includes steroids and prognosis is generally good.

Qualidade de vida de pessoas em diálise peritoneal / Quality of life of people in peritoneal dialysis

Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade de vida de pessoas em tratamento por Diálise Peritoneal Ambulatorial Contínua/CAPD. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo, em que foram entrevistadas 35 pessoas em CAPD. A coleta dos dados foi realizada a partir de um questionário pré-codificado e pela aplicação do instrumento SF36.Para a análise, foi usado o software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), versão 13.0, a partir de tabelas. Resultados: constatou-se que os domínios mais afetados se referem a aspectos físicos, à capacidade funcional e ao estado geral de saúde. Conclusão: é possível verificar a importância de desenvolver ações direcionadas às singularidades de cada pessoa com DRC em CAPD, com vistas à integralidade e, consequentemente, proporcionar uma melhor qualidade de vida, de acordo com sua condição de saúde.

Pneumotórax espontâneo em adolescentes observados num Serviço Pediátrico de Urgência / Spontaneous pneumothorax in adolescents observed in Pediatric Emergency Department / Pneumotórax espontaneo en adolescentes observados en un Servicio Pediátrico de Urgencia

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o pneumotórax espontâneo (PE) em adolescentes observados num Serviço de Urgência (SU) Pediátrico.MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo e descritivo dos adolescentes admitidos no SU por PE entre janeiro de 2009 e dezembro de 2011. Analisaram-se os dados demográficos, fatores de risco, classificação de PE, apresentação clínica, exames complementares, terapêutica e recorrência de PE.RESULTADOS: Foram admitidos oito adolescentes por PE, com predomínio do sexo masculino e idade compreendida entre os 13 e os 17 anos. A maioria apresentava PE primário, surgido em repouso. Os sintomas tiveram início, em média, um dia antes da admissão destacando-se a toracalgia, dispneia e tosse. A telerradiografia torácica póstero-anterior efetuada confirmou o diagnóstico em todos os casos, destacando-se o predomínio de PE de grande volume e à esquerda. Foi instituída oxigenoterapia a todos os casos. Um doente efetuou terapêutica conservadora isolada. Os restantes foram submetidos a drenagem transtorácica, com necessidade de sucção em dois casos. Necessitaram de intervenção cirúrgica três casos, um dos quais por air leak persistente e os demais por pneumotórax recidivante ipsilateral. Um terço dos doentes necessitou ser transferido, para observação por especialidade inexistente no hospital. Com um follow-up mediano de 13±7,4 meses, verificou-se recorrência do pneumotórax em 37,5% (todos ipsilaterais), em média 41 dias após o diagnóstico.CONCLUSÃO: Nesta amostra destaca-se a realização frequente de drenagem transtorácica, possivelmente decorrente do predomínio de PE de grande volume. Ressalva-se a importância de estudos acerca do PE, possibilitando a emergência de recomendações da terapêutica adequada às particularidades inerentes a esta faixa etária(AU)

OBJECTIVE: To characterize spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) in adolescents observed in Pediatric Emergency Department (ED).METHODS: Retrospective and descriptive study of adolescents admitted to ED due to SP between January 2009 and December 2011. Demographic data, risk factors, classification of PE, clinical presentation, laboratory tests, therapy and recurrence were analyzed.RESULTS: Eight adolescents were admitted for PE, with male predominance and ages between 13 and 17 years. The majority had primary PE. In those with secondary PE, 3 cases had asthma and 1 case had smoking habits. Symptoms began on average 1 day before admission. Chest pain, dyspnea and cough were the commonest. SP began mostly during rest. All had abnormal auscultatory findings. Respiratory distress was found in one case. Chest posteroanterior radiograph confirmed diagnosis, with predominance of high volume and left SP. Oxygenotherapy was applied in all cases. One patient performed conservative therapy alone. The remaining underwent transthoracic drainage and 2 cases required suction. 3 cases required surgery in other center, one by persistent air leak and the remaining by ipsilateral recurrent pneumothorax. One third of the patients needed to be transferred for observation by an unavailable specialty. With a median follow-up of 13 ± 7.4 months, recurrence of pneumothorax was verified in 37.5% (all ipsilateral) on average 41 days after diagnosis.CONCLUSION: In this sample transthoracic drainage was frequently performed, possibly due to prevalence of high volume SP. It is emphasized the importance of studies about SP in this age group, allowing emergence of recommendations about appropriate therapy(AU)

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar al pneumotórax espontaneo (PE) en adolescentes observados en un Servicio de Urgencia (SU) Pediátrico.MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de los adolescentes admitidos en el SU por PE entre enero de 2009 y diciembre de 2011. Se analizaron los datos demográficos, factores de riesgo, clasificación de PE, presentación clínica, exámenes complementarios, terapéutica y recurrencia de PE.RESULTADOS: Fueron admitidos ocho adolescentes por PE, con predominio del sexo masculino y edad comprendida entre los 13 y los 17 años. La mayoría presentaba PE primario, surgido en reposo. Los síntomas tuvieron inicio, en promedia, un día antes de la admisión destacándose la toracalgia, disnea y tos. La telerradiografía torácica posteroanterior efectuada confirmó el diagnóstico en todos los casos, destacándose el predominio de PE de gran volumen y a la izquierda. Fue instituida oxigenoterapia en todos los casos. Un enfermo efectuó terapéutica conservadora aislada. Los restantes fueron sometidos a drenaje transtorácico, con necesidad de succión en dos casos. Necesitaron de intervención quirúrgica tres casos, uno de los cuales por air leak persistente y los demás por pneumotórax recidivante ipsolateral. Un tercio de los enfermos necesitó ser transferido para observación por especialidad inexistente en el hospital. Con un follow-up mediano de 13±7,4 meses, se verificó recurrencia de pneumotórax en 37,5% (todos ipsolaterales), en promedio 41 días posteriores al diagnóstico.CONCLUSIÓN: En esta muestra se destaca la realización frecuente de drenaje transtorácico, posiblemente derivado del predominio de PE de gran volumen. Se resalta la importancia de estudios acerca del PE, posibilitando la emergencia de recomendaciones de terapéutica adecuada a las particularidades inherentes a esta franja etaria(AU)

Demographic factors and awareness of palliative care and related services.

BACKGROUND: Palliative care is not accessed by all those who can benefit from it. Survey aim: To explore awareness of palliative care and related services among UK oncology out-patients, and to analyse the relationship between demographic characteristics and knowledge. DESIGN: Cross-sectional interview-based survey. Analysis comprised univariate and multiple logistic regression. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGS: Oncology out-patients receiving curative treatments at two district general hospitals in north-west London between December 2004 and April 2005. RESULTS: A total of 252 (94%) eligible clinic patients were interviewed. Only 47 (18.7%) patients recognised the term 'palliative care', but 135 (67.8%) understood the role of the hospice, and 164 (66.7%) understood the role of Macmillan nurses. Age-adjusted multiple logistic regression showed that recognizing the term 'palliative care' was more likely among the most socially and materially affluent patients than those who were the poorest (OR: 8.4, CI: 2.17-31.01, p =0.002). Understanding the role of Macmillan nurses was also more likely among the most socially and materially affluent patients compared with the poorest patients (OR: 7.0, CI: 2.41-18.52, p <0.0001), and was independently less likely among patients from black and minority ethnic groups than those who were classified as being white British (OR=0.5, CI:0.25-0.96, p =0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of palliative care and related services was low among black and minority ethnic groups, and the least affluent.

Salmonella serovars isolated from humans in São Paulo State, Brazil, 1996-2003 / Sorovares de Salmonella isolados de humanos no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, 1996-2003

Salmonellosis remains an important cause of diarrheal illness in humans in São Paulo State, Brazil. In this study were identified 3554 Salmonella isolates from human infections, during the period 1996-2003. Among 68 different serovars determined, S. Enteritidis was the most frequent one in gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal infections accounting for 67.4 percent of all isolates. S. Typhimurium and S. enterica subsp. enterica (4,5,12:i:-) were most frequently isolated from children aged < 1-4 year-old, in contrast, people with S. Enteritidis infections were most likely to be 20-50 year-old. In our geographic area the continued laboratorial surveillance of salmonellosis, including serotyping, has showed the trends in Salmonella serovars causing infections in humans throughout the time.

A salmonelose permanece uma importante causa de doença diarréica em humanos no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Nesse estudo foram identificados 3554 isolados de Salmonella de infecções humanas, durante o período 1996-2003. Entre os 68 diferentes sorovares determinados, S. Enteritidis foi predominante em infecções gastrointestinais e extra-intestinais, responsável por 67.4 por cento de todos os isolados. S. Typhimurium e S. enterica subsp. enterica (4,5,12:i:-) foram mais freqüentemente isolados de crianças com idade de < 1 a 4 anos, em contraste, infecções por S. Enteritidis foram predominantes em pessoas entre 20 e 50 anos. A contínua vigilância laboratorial das salmoneloses, incluindo a sorotipagem, tem evidenciado os sorovares de Salmonella causando infecções humanas em nossa área geográfica ao longo do tempo.

Influência da associação de catalisadores químicos na cimentação de pinos pré-fabricados de fibra de vidro / Influence of catalyst solutions association on prefabricated fiberglass posts cementation

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a Influência da associação de catalisadores químicos junto a diferentes sistemas adesivos autocondicionantes e cimentos resinosos de dupla polimerização, na cimentação de pinos pré-fabricados de fibra de vidro, quanto a sua resistência ao cisalhamento por extrusão - push out, seu grau de conversão e nanoinfiltração. Foram utilizadas trinta raízes bovinas extraídas, que tiveram seus canais obturados com guta-percha termoplastificada, divididas em três grupos: G1 - Adper SE Plus /Rely X ARC; G2- Adper SE Plus / Catalisador Scotchbond + Rely X ARC ; G3- Clearfil SE Bond / ED Primer + Panavia F. Após a cimentação dos pinos foram obtidas fatias das raízes, com 1mm de espessura, dos terços cervical (C), médio (M) e apical (A). O ensaio de resistência ao cisalhamento por extrusão foi realizado em máquina de ensaio universal EMIC D500 com carga de 100KN à velocidade de 1,0 mm/min, até o deslocamento do pino. Os dados obtidos no ensaio foram tabulados e submetidos à análise estatística. A análise de variância a dois critérios mostrou que apenas os fatores grupo e profundidade foram significativos, não sendo significativa a sua interação. O resultado do teste de Tukey (ρ≥0,05), para o fator grupo, mostrou que a menor média de resistência ao cisalhamento por extrusão foi obtida pelo grupo 3, que apresentou diferença estatística significativa para os grupos 1 e 2 que não diferiram entre si. Para o fator Profundidade a maior média foi obtida no terço cervical que apresentou diferença estatística significativa para os terços médio e apical que não diferiram entre si: A análise do grau de conversão foi feita após vinte e quatro horas e os fatores estudados foram os cimentos resinosos Panavia F e Rely X ARC e os catalisadores químicos ED Primer e Catalisador Scotchbond, na forma incorporada ou aplicada superficialmente aos cimentos, formando 10 grupos experimentais. Para o grau de conversão...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of catalyst solutions association with different self-etching adhesive systems and dual-cured resin luting agents used in prefabricated fiberglass posts cementation on the push-out bond strength test, degree of conversion and nanoleakage. Thirty extracted bovine roots were endodontically treated with thermoplastic gutta-percha and divided in three groups G1- Adper SE Plus /RelyX ARC; G2- Adper SE Plus / Scotchbond Catalyst + RelyX ARC; G3- Clearfil SE Bond / ED Primer + Panavia F. After post cementation, roots were sectioned into 1mm thick slices of cervical (C), middle (M) and apical(A) regions. Push-out tests were performed at a cross-head speed of 1,0 mm/min using a universal EMIC D500 testing machine applying 100KN load until the post dislodgment. The analysis of variance based on two criteria showed that only the factors group and depth were significant, their interaction was not significant. The Tukey's test (ρ ≥ 0.05) result for the factor group showed that the lowest average was obtained by the group 3, which showed significant difference from groups 1 and 2, that did not differ. The highest average for the depth factor, was obtained in the cervical third, which was statistically different from the middle and apical thirds that did not differ. The degree of conversion analysis was made after twenty-four hours and the studied factors were the Panavia F and Rely X ARC resin cements and ED Primer and Scotchbond chemical catalysts as incorporated or surface applied to the cement, forming 10 groups. For the degree of conversion, the Tukey’s test showed that chemical catalyst did not increase the degree of conversion of RelyX ARC, but significantly increased the degree of conversion of Panavia F. The result of Tukey's test (ρ ≥ 0.05) of SEM analysis of nanoleakage for the group factor showed that the highest average was obtained by the group 3, statistically different from groups...(AU)

Estudo in vitro de diferentes tratamentos superficiais de uma resina composta reparada / An in vitro study of different surface treatments on a repaired composite

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes tratamentos superficiais na rugosidade superficial de uma resina composta microhíbrida fotopolimerizável (TPH Spectrum – Dentsply) armazenada em água deionizada à temperatura ambiente por 7 dias e por 6 meses, associando-os aos resultados do teste de resistência a flexão de reparos. Assim, para cada tempo de envelhecimento, a amostra foi dividida em 5 grupos (n=15), sendo G1, o grupo controle, sem tratamento superficial e os demais: G2 tratamento mecânico com ponta diamantada (no 4138 – KG Sorensen); G3: tratamento com ponta diamantada + condicionamento com ácido fosfórico a 37% (Condicionador Dental Gel – Dentsply); G4: tratamento com ponta diamantada + ácido fosfórico a 37% + adesivo resinoso (Prime & Bond 2.1 – Dentsply) e G5: tratamento com ponta diamantada + ácido fosfórico a 37% + aplicação de silano (Silano Primer e Silano Ativator – Dentsply) + adesivo resinoso. Analisou-se a interface adesiva utilizando-se o rugosímetro, após cada tratamento superficial. Os resultados obtidos mostram que: i) o aumento da rugosidade superficial nos espécimes a serem reparados é desejável, mas não suficiente para promover uma adesão adequada. ii) todavia quando se alia a este procedimento a aplicação de um adesivo resinoso fluido, conjugado ou não com um agente silano, é importante para aumentar a resistência adesiva do material em estudo.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the different surface treatments on the surface roughness of a micro-hibrid composite (TPH Spectrum – Dentsply) storaged in deionized water at room temperature, for 7 days and 6 months, associated to the flexural strength of repaired ones. For each time of aging, the sample was divided in 5 groups (n=15): G1: control group, unrepaired specimens; G2: mechanical treatment with médium grit diamond bur (4138 – KG Sorensen); G3: diamond bur + etching with 37% phosphoric acid (Dentsply); G4: diamond bur + phosphoric acid etching + unfilled resin (Prime & Bond 2.1 – Dentsply) and G5: diamond bur + phosphoric acid etchning + silane agent (Silano Primer e Silano Ativator – Dentsply) + unfilled resin. After each surface treatment, the adhesive interface was analyzed with a surface roughness tester. According to the results: i) increasing the surface roughness on the speciments to be repaired is desirable but not enough to promote adequate Bond strength, ii) in fact, the use of unfilled resin, combine dor not with silane agent, is important to enhance the flexural Bond strength.

Conhecimento e uso da medicina alternativa entre alunos e professores de primeiro grau / Knowledge and use of alternative medicine by elementary school children and teachers

Como parte de um Projeto de Educaçäo em Saúde, investigou-se o conhecimento e como säo utilizadas as práticas populares de cura, de modo a desenvolver e ampliar na escola, as possibilidades já existentes de discussäo crítica e construtiva dentro do programa de saúde. Espera-se com isso poder resgatar saberes e valorizar esse conhecimento näo sistematizado, presente na prática das populaçöes ainda de forma marginalizada e controvertida. Foram aplicados questionários entre 110 professores e 162 alunos das 1ª à 4ª séries do 1§ grau de quatro escolas (P.L.S.L., P.H.A., P.A.M.M. e A.M.G.) da periferia de Belo Horizonte. Sendo que, as questöes apresentadas foram respondidas somente por 105 docentes. Vinte e três (32,4 por cento) (entre 71 (67,6 por cento )) acreditam em dons especiais de cura; dos 105 (95,4 por cento) que responderam sobre se acham que certas doenças podem ser tratadas com remédios caseisos, somente 69 (65,7 por cento) acresditam que sim; 54 (78,3 por cento) dentre esses, associaram a cura da doença com a planta medicinal e 15 (21,7 por cento) indicam o remédio sem associaçäo com a doença; 36 (34,3 por cento) professores citaram a doença sem relacionar as ervas medicinais. Já, 101 (62,3 por cento) alunos acreditam que os remédios caseiros säo positivos para algumas doenças. Entre os alunos e professores foram mencionadas doenças diversas, sintomas e órgäos que podem ser curados por plantas medicinais, rezas ou benzedeiras. Um pouco mais de 50 por cento dos dois grupos de alunos (1ª, 2ª, 3ª e 4ª séries) vivem entre famílias que procuram benzedeiras como alternativa de cura. Foram indicadas pelos professores e alunos mais de 50 plantas ou composiçöes de partes de plantas. Conclui-se, que a medicina alternativa é conhecida e utilizada pela amostra estudada

Molecular identification of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) associated with infant diarrhea in Londrina, Parana, Brazil

In this work, the prevalence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in children in Londrina-PR, Brazil, was evaluated by means of digoxigenin-labelled DNA probes which identify the plasmid responsible for EPEC adherence factor (EAF), and virulence genes for EPEC as bundle-forming pilus (bfp) and E. coli attaching-effacing factor (eae). In addition, the isolated strains were serotyped and tested for adherence to HEp-2 cells. From 102 children with diarrhoea, 19 strains hybridized with at least one probe, and eleven of them were identified as typical EPEC because they hybridized with the three probes used, showed a localized adherence (LA) pattern, and presented no genes for enterotoxins (ST and LT) or invasion as detected by PCR. Six of the typical EPEC strains belonged to the classical serotype O119:H6 43(per cent); in four strains O antigens could not be determined using antisera against O1 to O173, they were all ONT:H7 29(per cent); one strain belonged to O111:H6. Three strains were classified as atypical EPEC: O26H-, O111:H9 and O119:HNT. Strains O26H- and O111:H9 hybridized with the eae probe only and showed localized adherence like (LAL) pattern; strain O119:HNT hybridized with the bfp and eae probes, and showed a localized adherence/diffuse adherence (LA/DA) pattern after 6 h. A DA pattern was observed in two strains isolated from children with diarrhoea (ONT:H11 and O142:H34), which hybridized with the eae probe. From 46 controls, five strains hybridized with one or two probes, but none hybridized with all probes or presented the LA pattern. Three strains with the DA pattern hybridized with the eae probe. No EPEC strain belonging to classical EPEC serotypes was isolated from faeces of control children.